# DSC Language Specification v1.0

**Damn Simple C (DSC)** - A systems programming language for the DSA architecture

---

## Table of Contents

1. [Introduction](#introduction)
2. [Lexical Structure](#lexical-structure)
3. [Types](#types)
4. [Variables and Declarations](#variables-and-declarations)
5. [Classes](#classes)
6. [Functions](#functions)
7. [Expressions](#expressions)
8. [Statements](#statements)
9. [Control Flow](#control-flow)
10. [Memory Management](#memory-management)
11. [Generics](#generics)
12. [Modules and Imports](#modules-and-imports)
13. [Keywords](#keywords)
14. [Operators](#operators)
15. [Complete Example Programs](#complete-example-programs)
16. [Grammar Summary](#grammar-summary)
17. [Appendix A: Differences from Rust](#appendix-a-differences-from-rust)
18. [Appendix B: Standard Library Conventions](#appendix-b-standard-library-conventions)

---

## 1. Introduction

DSC is a statically-typed systems programming language designed for the DSA (Damn Simple Architecture). It combines modern syntax with explicit memory management and direct assembly interoperability.

### Design Goals

- **Explicit**: No hidden control flow or implicit conversions
- **Simple**: Easy to understand what the compiler generates
- **Safe**: Scope-based resource management via `defer`
- **Interoperable**: Direct assembly library integration

---

## 2. Lexical Structure

### 2.1 Comments

```rust
// Single-line comment

/* Multi-line
   comment */
```

### 2.2 Identifiers

Identifiers must start with a letter or underscore, followed by any number of letters, digits, or underscores.

```rust
valid_identifier
_private
MyClass
get_value_42
```

### 2.3 Reserved Keywords

```
as          break       class       const       continue
defer       else        false       field       fn
if          impl        include     let         loop
mut         priv        pub         return      self
static      struct      true        void        while
```

### 2.4 Literals

#### Integer Literals
```rust
42          // Decimal
0x2A        // Hexadecimal
0b101010    // Binary
0o52        // Octal
```

#### String Literals
```rust
"Hello, world!"
"Escape sequences: \n \t \\ \""
```

#### Boolean Literals
```rust
true
false
```

---

## 3. Types

### 3.1 Primitive Types

#### Integer Types
```rust
i8          // Signed 8-bit integer
i16         // Signed 16-bit integer
i32         // Signed 32-bit integer
i64         // Signed 64-bit integer

u8          // Unsigned 8-bit integer
u16         // Unsigned 16-bit integer
u32         // Unsigned 32-bit integer
u64         // Unsigned 64-bit integer
```

#### Boolean Type
```rust
bool        // true or false
```

#### String Type
```rust
str         // String literal type (pointer to null-terminated byte array)
```

#### Void Type
```rust
void        // Absence of a value (only valid as return type)
```

### 3.2 Pointer Types

Pointers are declared using the `&` prefix:

```rust
&u32        // Pointer to u32
&bool       // Pointer to bool
&Point      // Pointer to Point class
```

**Note**: Pointers in DSC are raw memory addresses (like C pointers), not Rust-style references with borrow checking.

### 3.3 Array Types

```rust
[u32; 10]       // Fixed-size array of 10 u32 values
[bool; 256]     // Fixed-size array of 256 bool values
```

### 3.4 Generic Types

```rust
Vec<u32>        // Generic type with one type parameter
Map<str, i32>   // Generic type with multiple type parameters
```

---

## 4. Variables and Declarations

### 4.1 Variable Declaration

Variables are declared with `let` and are immutable by default:

```rust
let x: u32 = 42;
let name: str = "Alice";
let ptr: &u32 = &x;
```

### 4.2 Mutable Variables

Use `mut` to declare mutable variables:

```rust
let mut count: u32 = 0;
count = count + 1;
```

### 4.3 Type Inference

Type annotations can be omitted when the type can be inferred:

```rust
let x = 42;         // Inferred as u32 (default integer type)
let name = "Bob";   // Inferred as str
```

---

## 5. Classes

Classes are DSC's primary means of encapsulation, combining data and behavior.

### 5.1 Class Definition

```rust
class ClassName {
    // Class body
}
```

### 5.2 Fields

Fields represent the data members of a class. They must be explicitly marked as `pub` or `priv`:

```rust
class Point {
    pub field x: u32;
    pub field y: u32;
    priv field cached: bool;
}
```

**Syntax**: `[pub|priv] field <name>: <type>;`

### 5.3 Constants

Constants are compile-time values associated with a class:

```rust
class Math {
    pub const PI: u32 = 3;
    pub const E: u32 = 2;
    priv const INTERNAL_CONSTANT: u32 = 42;
}
```

**Syntax**: `[pub|priv] const <NAME>: <type> = <value>;`

**Usage**: `Math::PI`

### 5.4 Static Fields

Static fields are global variables associated with a class:

```rust
class Logger {
    pub static mut INSTANCE_COUNT: u32 = 0;
    priv static mut INTERNAL_STATE: u32 = 0;
}
```

**Syntax**: `[pub|priv] static mut <name>: <type> = <value>;`

**Usage**: 
```rust
Logger::INSTANCE_COUNT = Logger::INSTANCE_COUNT + 1;
```

**Note**: All static fields must be declared `mut` as they represent mutable global state.

### 5.5 Methods

Methods are functions associated with a class. Instance methods take a `self` parameter:

```rust
class Point {
    pub field x: u32;
    pub field y: u32;
    
    // Constructor (static method)
    pub fn new(x: u32, y: u32) -> Point {
        return Point { x: x, y: y };
    }
    
    // Instance method
    pub fn get_x(self: &Point) -> u32 {
        return self.x;
    }
    
    // Mutable instance method
    pub fn set_x(self: &Point, value: u32) {
        self.x = value;
    }
    
    // Static method
    pub fn zero() -> Point {
        return Point { x: 0, y: 0 };
    }
}
```

**Method Syntax**:
- Instance method: `[pub|priv] fn <name>(self: &<ClassName>, ...) -> <return_type>`
- Static method: `[pub|priv] fn <name>(...) -> <return_type>`

### 5.6 Class Instantiation

```rust
// Using constructor
let p1: Point = Point::new(10, 20);

// Using struct literal syntax
let p2: Point = Point { x: 5, y: 15 };
```

### 5.7 Method Calls

```rust
let p: Point = Point::new(10, 20);

// Method call syntax (preferred)
let x: u32 = p.get_x();

// Explicit syntax (equivalent)
let x: u32 = Point::get_x(&p);

// Static method call
let origin: Point = Point::zero();
```

### 5.8 Field Access

```rust
let p: Point = Point { x: 10, y: 20 };

// Read field
let x: u32 = p.x;

// Write field (if mutable)
let mut p2: Point = Point { x: 0, y: 0 };
p2.x = 42;
```

### 5.9 Complete Class Example

```rust
class Vec {
    priv field data: &u32;
    priv field len: u32;
    priv field capacity: u32;
    
    pub const DEFAULT_CAPACITY: u32 = 16;
    pub static mut TOTAL_ALLOCATIONS: u32 = 0;
    
    pub fn new(capacity: u32) -> Vec {
        Vec::TOTAL_ALLOCATIONS = Vec::TOTAL_ALLOCATIONS + 1;
        return Vec {
            data: alloc::malloc(capacity * 4) as &u32,
            len: 0,
            capacity: capacity
        };
    }
    
    pub fn with_default_capacity() -> Vec {
        return Vec::new(Vec::DEFAULT_CAPACITY);
    }
    
    pub fn push(self: &Vec, item: u32) {
        if self.len == self.capacity {
            self.grow();
        }
        *(self.data + self.len) = item;
        self.len = self.len + 1;
    }
    
    pub fn get(self: &Vec, index: u32) -> u32 {
        return *(self.data + index);
    }
    
    priv fn grow(self: &Vec) {
        let new_capacity: u32 = self.capacity * 2;
        let new_data: &u32 = alloc::malloc(new_capacity * 4) as &u32;
        
        // Copy old data
        let mut i: u32 = 0;
        while i < self.len {
            *(new_data + i) = *(self.data + i);
            i = i + 1;
        }
        
        alloc::free(self.data as u32);
        self.data = new_data;
        self.capacity = new_capacity;
    }
    
    pub fn drop(self: &Vec) {
        alloc::free(self.data as u32);
    }
}
```

---

## 6. Functions

### 6.1 Function Declaration

```rust
fn function_name(param1: Type1, param2: Type2) -> ReturnType {
    // Function body
}
```

### 6.2 Return Type

Functions without a return value use `void` or omit the return type:

```rust
fn print_message(msg: str) -> void {
    // No return value
}

// Equivalent
fn print_message(msg: str) {
    // No return value
}
```

### 6.3 Return Statement

```rust
fn add(a: u32, b: u32) -> u32 {
    return a + b;
}
```

### 6.4 Function Parameters

```rust
fn process(value: u32, ptr: &u32, flag: bool) -> u32 {
    // ...
}
```

---

## 7. Expressions

### 7.1 Literals

```rust
42              // Integer literal
0xFF            // Hex literal
true            // Boolean literal
"hello"         // String literal
```

### 7.2 Binary Operations

```rust
a + b           // Addition
a - b           // Subtraction
a * b           // Multiplication
a / b           // Division
a % b           // Modulo
```

### 7.3 Comparison Operations

```rust
a == b          // Equal
a != b          // Not equal
a < b           // Less than
a > b           // Greater than
a <= b          // Less than or equal
a >= b          // Greater than or equal
```

### 7.4 Logical Operations

```rust
a && b          // Logical AND
a || b          // Logical OR
!a              // Logical NOT
```

### 7.5 Bitwise Operations

```rust
a & b           // Bitwise AND
a | b           // Bitwise OR
a ^ b           // Bitwise XOR
~a              // Bitwise NOT
a << b          // Left shift
a >> b          // Right shift
```

### 7.6 Address-of and Dereference

```rust
&x              // Address-of (get pointer to x)
*ptr            // Dereference (read/write through pointer)
```

### 7.7 Type Casting

```rust
value as u32    // Cast value to u32
ptr as &u8      // Cast pointer type
```

### 7.8 Field Access

```rust
obj.field       // Access field of object
ptr.field       // Access field through pointer (implicit dereference)
```

### 7.9 Method Call

```rust
obj.method(args)        // Instance method call
Class::method(args)     // Static method call
```

### 7.10 Array Indexing

```rust
arr[index]      // Access array element
```

---

## 8. Statements

### 8.1 Expression Statement

```rust
function_call();
x = y + 1;
```

### 8.2 Variable Declaration

```rust
let x: u32 = 42;
let mut y: u32 = 0;
```

### 8.3 Assignment

```rust
x = 10;
*ptr = 20;
obj.field = 30;
arr[0] = 40;
```

### 8.4 Compound Assignment

```rust
x += 5;         // x = x + 5
x -= 3;         // x = x - 3
x *= 2;         // x = x * 2
x /= 4;         // x = x / 4
```

---

## 9. Control Flow

### 9.1 If Statement

```rust
if condition {
    // then block
}

if condition {
    // then block
} else {
    // else block
}

if condition1 {
    // block 1
} else if condition2 {
    // block 2
} else {
    // block 3
}
```

### 9.2 While Loop

```rust
while condition {
    // loop body
}
```

### 9.3 Loop (Infinite Loop)

```rust
loop {
    // infinite loop
    if should_exit {
        break;
    }
}
```

### 9.4 Break and Continue

```rust
while condition {
    if skip_condition {
        continue;   // Skip to next iteration
    }
    
    if exit_condition {
        break;      // Exit loop
    }
}
```

---

## 10. Memory Management

### 10.1 Defer Statement

The `defer` keyword schedules a statement to execute when the current scope exits.

```rust
fn example() {
    let ptr: u32 = alloc::malloc(256);
    defer alloc::free(ptr);
    
    // Use ptr...
    
    if error {
        return;     // defer runs here
    }
    
    // More work...
    
}   // defer runs here
```

### 10.2 Defer Execution Rules

1. **Scope-based**: Defers execute when their enclosing scope exits
2. **LIFO order**: Multiple defers execute in reverse order of declaration
3. **All exit paths**: Defers run on return, break, continue, or natural scope end

```rust
fn nested_defers() {
    let a: u32 = alloc::malloc(100);
    defer alloc::free(a);       // Runs second
    
    if condition {
        let b: u32 = alloc::malloc(200);
        defer alloc::free(b);   // Runs first (if in this scope)
        
        // ... work ...
        
    }   // b's defer runs here
    
    // ... more work ...
    
}   // a's defer runs here
```

### 10.3 Defer with Methods

```rust
class Resource {
    priv field handle: u32;
    
    pub fn acquire() -> Resource {
        return Resource { handle: alloc::malloc(1024) };
    }
    
    pub fn release(self: &Resource) {
        alloc::free(self.handle);
    }
}

fn use_resource() {
    let res: Resource = Resource::acquire();
    defer res.release();
    
    // Use resource...
    
}   // res.release() automatically called
```

---

## 11. Generics

### 11.1 Generic Classes

```rust
class Box<T> {
    priv field value: T;
    
    pub fn new(value: T) -> Box<T> {
        return Box { value: value };
    }
    
    pub fn get(self: &Box<T>) -> T {
        return self.value;
    }
    
    pub fn set(self: &Box<T>, value: T) {
        self.value = value;
    }
}
```

### 11.2 Generic Usage

```rust
let int_box: Box<u32> = Box::new(42);
let str_box: Box<str> = Box::new("hello");

let value: u32 = int_box.get();
```

### 11.3 Multiple Type Parameters

```rust
class Pair<T, U> {
    pub field first: T;
    pub field second: U;
    
    pub fn new(first: T, second: U) -> Pair<T, U> {
        return Pair { first: first, second: second };
    }
}

let p: Pair<u32, str> = Pair::new(42, "answer");
```

### 11.4 Generic Functions

```rust
fn swap<T>(a: &T, b: &T) {
    let temp: T = *a;
    *a = *b;
    *b = temp;
}

let mut x: u32 = 1;
let mut y: u32 = 2;
swap(&x, &y);
```

### 11.5 Generic Constraints

**Note**: DSC does not support trait bounds or where clauses. Generic types are instantiated via monomorphization without constraints.

---

## 12. Modules and Imports

### 12.1 Assembly Imports

DSC can import assembly modules for low-level operations:

```rust
include print: "./lib/io/print.dsa";
include alloc: "./lib/memory/alloc.dsa";
```

**Syntax**: `include <namespace>: "<path>";`

### 12.2 Using Imported Functions

```rust
print::println("Hello, world!");
let ptr: u32 = alloc::malloc(256);
```

---

## 13. Keywords

### 13.1 Complete Keyword List

| Keyword | Purpose |
|---------|---------|
| `as` | Type casting |
| `break` | Exit loop |
| `class` | Class definition |
| `const` | Constant declaration |
| `continue` | Next loop iteration |
| `defer` | Defer statement execution |
| `else` | Alternative branch |
| `false` | Boolean literal |
| `field` | Class field declaration |
| `fn` | Function declaration |
| `if` | Conditional statement |
| `impl` | *Reserved for future use* |
| `include` | Import assembly module |
| `let` | Variable declaration |
| `loop` | Infinite loop |
| `mut` | Mutable binding |
| `priv` | Private visibility |
| `pub` | Public visibility |
| `return` | Return from function |
| `self` | Instance reference |
| `static` | Static field declaration |
| `struct` | *Reserved for future use* |
| `true` | Boolean literal |
| `void` | No return type |
| `while` | While loop |

---

## 14. Operators

### 14.1 Operator Precedence (Highest to Lowest)

| Precedence | Operators | Associativity |
|------------|-----------|---------------|
| 1 | `()` `[]` `.` `::` | Left to right |
| 2 | `!` `~` `&` `*` (unary) `-` (unary) | Right to left |
| 3 | `as` | Left to right |
| 4 | `*` `/` `%` | Left to right |
| 5 | `+` `-` | Left to right |
| 6 | `<<` `>>` | Left to right |
| 7 | `&` | Left to right |
| 8 | `^` | Left to right |
| 9 | `|` | Left to right |
| 10 | `==` `!=` `<` `>` `<=` `>=` | Left to right |
| 11 | `&&` | Left to right |
| 12 | `||` | Left to right |
| 13 | `=` `+=` `-=` `*=` `/=` | Right to left |

### 14.2 Operator Summary

#### Arithmetic Operators
```rust
+       Addition
-       Subtraction
*       Multiplication
/       Division
%       Modulo
```

#### Comparison Operators
```rust
==      Equal
!=      Not equal
<       Less than
>       Greater than
<=      Less than or equal
>=      Greater than or equal
```

#### Logical Operators
```rust
&&      Logical AND
||      Logical OR
!       Logical NOT
```

#### Bitwise Operators
```rust
&       Bitwise AND
|       Bitwise OR
^       Bitwise XOR
~       Bitwise NOT
<<      Left shift
>>      Right shift
```

#### Memory Operators
```rust
&       Address-of
*       Dereference
```

#### Assignment Operators
```rust
=       Assignment
+=      Add and assign
-=      Subtract and assign
*=      Multiply and assign
/=      Divide and assign
```

---

## 15. Complete Example Programs

### 15.1 Hello World

```rust
include print: "./lib/io/print.dsa";

fn main() -> void {
    print::println("Hello, world!");
}
```

### 15.2 Vector Implementation

```rust
include alloc: "./lib/memory/alloc.dsa";

class Vec<T> {
    priv field data: &T;
    priv field len: u32;
    priv field capacity: u32;
    
    pub const DEFAULT_CAPACITY: u32 = 16;
    
    pub fn new(capacity: u32) -> Vec<T> {
        let size: u32 = capacity * 4;  // Assume sizeof(T) = 4
        return Vec {
            data: alloc::malloc(size) as &T,
            len: 0,
            capacity: capacity
        };
    }
    
    pub fn push(self: &Vec<T>, item: T) {
        if self.len >= self.capacity {
            self.resize();
        }
        *(self.data + self.len) = item;
        self.len = self.len + 1;
    }
    
    pub fn get(self: &Vec<T>, index: u32) -> T {
        return *(self.data + index);
    }
    
    pub fn len(self: &Vec<T>) -> u32 {
        return self.len;
    }
    
    priv fn resize(self: &Vec<T>) {
        let new_capacity: u32 = self.capacity * 2;
        let new_size: u32 = new_capacity * 4;
        let new_data: &T = alloc::malloc(new_size) as &T;
        
        let mut i: u32 = 0;
        while i < self.len {
            *(new_data + i) = *(self.data + i);
            i = i + 1;
        }
        
        alloc::free(self.data as u32);
        self.data = new_data;
        self.capacity = new_capacity;
    }
    
    pub fn drop(self: &Vec<T>) {
        alloc::free(self.data as u32);
    }
}

fn main() -> void {
    let vec: Vec<u32> = Vec::new(10);
    defer vec.drop();
    
    vec.push(1);
    vec.push(2);
    vec.push(3);
    
    let mut i: u32 = 0;
    while i < vec.len() {
        let value: u32 = vec.get(i);
        // Use value...
        i = i + 1;
    }
}
```

### 15.3 Resource Management Example

```rust
include alloc: "./lib/memory/alloc.dsa";
include print: "./lib/io/print.dsa";

class File {
    priv field handle: u32;
    priv field is_open: bool;
    
    pub fn open(path: str) -> File {
        let handle: u32 = 0;  // Platform-specific open
        return File { handle: handle, is_open: true };
    }
    
    pub fn write(self: &File, data: str) {
        if !self.is_open {
            return;
        }
        // Write implementation...
    }
    
    pub fn close(self: &File) {
        if self.is_open {
            // Platform-specific close
            self.is_open = false;
        }
    }
}

fn process_file(path: str) -> bool {
    let file: File = File::open(path);
    defer file.close();  // Ensures file is closed on all exit paths
    
    let buffer: u32 = alloc::malloc(1024);
    defer alloc::free(buffer);
    
    if !file.is_open {
        print::println("Failed to open file");
        return false;  // Defers run: free(buffer), file.close()
    }
    
    file.write("Hello, file!");
    
    return true;  // Defers run: free(buffer), file.close()
}

fn main() -> void {
    let success: bool = process_file("output.txt");
    
    if success {
        print::println("File processed successfully");
    } else {
        print::println("File processing failed");
    }
}
```

---

## 16. Grammar Summary

### 16.1 EBNF Grammar

```ebnf
program = { import_statement | class_definition | function_definition }

import_statement = "include" identifier ":" string_literal ";"

class_definition = "class" identifier [ generic_params ] "{" { class_member } "}"

class_member = field_declaration
             | const_declaration
             | static_declaration
             | method_declaration

field_declaration = visibility "field" identifier ":" type ";"

const_declaration = visibility "const" IDENTIFIER ":" type "=" expression ";"

static_declaration = visibility "static" "mut" identifier ":" type "=" expression ";"

method_declaration = visibility "fn" identifier [ generic_params ] "(" parameters ")" [ "->" type ] block

function_definition = "fn" identifier [ generic_params ] "(" parameters ")" [ "->" type ] block

generic_params = "<" identifier { "," identifier } ">"

parameters = [ parameter { "," parameter } ]

parameter = identifier ":" type

visibility = "pub" | "priv"

type = primitive_type
     | pointer_type
     | array_type
     | generic_type
     | identifier

primitive_type = "u8" | "u16" | "u32" | "u64"
               | "i8" | "i16" | "i32" | "i64"
               | "bool" | "str" | "void"

pointer_type = "&" type

array_type = "[" type ";" integer_literal "]"

generic_type = identifier "<" type { "," type } ">"

block = "{" { statement } "}"

statement = let_statement
          | expression_statement
          | if_statement
          | while_statement
          | loop_statement
          | return_statement
          | defer_statement
          | break_statement
          | continue_statement

let_statement = "let" [ "mut" ] identifier ":" type "=" expression ";"

defer_statement = "defer" expression ";"

if_statement = "if" expression block [ "else" ( if_statement | block ) ]

while_statement = "while" expression block

loop_statement = "loop" block

return_statement = "return" [ expression ] ";"

break_statement = "break" ";"

continue_statement = "continue" ";"

expression_statement = expression ";"

expression = assignment_expression

assignment_expression = logical_or_expression [ assignment_operator assignment_expression ]

assignment_operator = "=" | "+=" | "-=" | "*=" | "/="

logical_or_expression = logical_and_expression { "||" logical_and_expression }

logical_and_expression = equality_expression { "&&" equality_expression }

equality_expression = relational_expression { equality_operator relational_expression }

equality_operator = "==" | "!="

relational_expression = bitwise_or_expression { relational_operator bitwise_or_expression }

relational_operator = "<" | ">" | "<=" | ">="

bitwise_or_expression = bitwise_xor_expression { "|" bitwise_xor_expression }

bitwise_xor_expression = bitwise_and_expression { "^" bitwise_and_expression }

bitwise_and_expression = shift_expression { "&" shift_expression }

shift_expression = additive_expression { shift_operator additive_expression }

shift_operator = "<<" | ">>"

additive_expression = multiplicative_expression { additive_operator multiplicative_expression }

additive_operator = "+" | "-"

multiplicative_expression = cast_expression { multiplicative_operator cast_expression }

multiplicative_operator = "*" | "/" | "%"

cast_expression = unary_expression [ "as" type ]

unary_expression = postfix_expression
                 | unary_operator unary_expression

unary_operator = "!" | "~" | "&" | "*" | "-"

postfix_expression = primary_expression { postfix_operator }

postfix_operator = "." identifier [ call_suffix ]
                 | "::" identifier [ call_suffix ]
                 | "[" expression "]"
                 | call_suffix

call_suffix = "(" [ arguments ] ")"

arguments = expression { "," expression }

primary_expression = identifier
                   | literal
                   | "(" expression ")"
                   | struct_literal

struct_literal = identifier "{" [ field_init { "," field_init } ] "}"

field_init = identifier ":" expression

literal = integer_literal
        | string_literal
        | boolean_literal

boolean_literal = "true" | "false"
```

---

## Appendix A: Differences from Rust

While DSC uses Rust-like syntax, there are key differences:

| Feature | Rust | DSC |
|---------|------|-----|
| **Encapsulation** | `struct` + `impl` | `class` |
| **Field syntax** | `field: Type` | `field field: Type;` |
| **References** | Borrow-checked `&T` | Raw pointers `&T` |
| **Ownership** | Compile-time borrow checker | Manual with `defer` |
| **Traits** | Supported | Not supported |
| **Lifetimes** | Supported | Not supported |
| **Pattern matching** | Supported | Not supported |
| **Enums** | Sum types with data | Not yet supported |
| **Modules** | Native | Assembly imports only |

---

## Appendix B: Standard Library Conventions

By convention, standard library modules should provide:

### Allocation Module (`alloc`)
```rust
include alloc: "./lib/memory/alloc.dsa";

// Functions:
// alloc::malloc(size: u32) -> u32
// alloc::free(ptr: u32) -> void
```

### Print Module (`print`)
```rust
include print: "./lib/io/print.dsa";

// Functions:
// print::print(msg: str) -> void
// print::println(msg: str) -> void
// print::print_num(n: u32) -> void
// print::print_hex(n: u32) -> void
```

---

*End of DSC Language Specification v1.0*