diff --git a/compiler/src/backend/dsa/codegen.rs b/compiler/src/backend/dsa/codegen.rs
index 4ca3c8e..ae85ba1 100644
--- a/compiler/src/backend/dsa/codegen.rs
+++ b/compiler/src/backend/dsa/codegen.rs
@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@ use std::time::SystemTime;
 use chrono::{DateTime, Local};
 
 use super::registers::RegisterAllocator;
+use crate::backend::dsa::instruction::CodeGen;
 use crate::backend::dsa::registers::Register;
+use crate::backend::dsa::variable::{ScopeKind, ScopeManager};
 use crate::{block, comment, dsa};
 
 use crate::model::{
     AssignmentOperator, BinaryOperator, Call, CompilerError, ConstExpr, Declaration,
-    Dependency, Expression, Program, Statement, TypeId, UnaryOperator, Variable,
+    Dependency, Expression, Name, Program, Statement, TypeId, UnaryOperator, Variable,
 };
 
 pub struct CodeGenerator {
@@ -52,6 +54,50 @@ impl CodeGenerator {
     }
 
     pub fn generate(&mut self) -> Result<String, CompilerError> {
+        // let mut codegen = CodeGen::new();
+        // let mut scope_mgr = ScopeManager::new();
+        // scope_mgr.enter_scope(ScopeKind::Global);
+        // scope_mgr.enter_scope(ScopeKind::Function);
+
+        // let point_type = TypeId::Struct {
+        //     name: Name::new("Point", None),
+        //     fields: vec![TypeId::U32, TypeId::U32],
+        //     generics: vec![],
+        // };
+
+        // let p_var = scope_mgr.declare_var("p".into(), point_type)?;
+        // scope_mgr.allocate_var(p_var, false)?; // Force stack (struct too big)
+
+        // // Access p.x (offset 0, size 4)
+        // let (x_reg, load_block) = scope_mgr.access_member(p_var, 0, 4)?;
+        // codegen.emit_block(load_block);
+
+        // // Store to p.y (offset 4, size 4)
+        // let value_reg = Register::Rg0; // assume value is here
+        // let store_block = scope_mgr.store_member(p_var, 4, 4, value_reg)?;
+        // codegen.emit_block(store_block);
+
+        // scope_mgr.enter_scope(ScopeKind::Loop);
+        // let pointer = scope_mgr
+        //     .declare_var("pointer".into(), TypeId::Ptr(Box::new(TypeId::U32)))?;
+        // scope_mgr.allocate_var(pointer, true)?;
+
+        // scope_mgr.enter_scope(ScopeKind::Function);
+        // let var2 = scope_mgr.declare_var("var2".into(), TypeId::U32)?;
+        // scope_mgr.allocate_var(var2, true)?;
+        // let array = scope_mgr.declare_var(
+        //     "pointer".into(),
+        //     TypeId::Array {
+        //         r#type: Box::new(TypeId::U32),
+        //         size: 10,
+        //     },
+        // )?;
+        // scope_mgr.allocate_var(array, false)?;
+
+        // println!("{}", scope_mgr);
+
+        // return Ok(String::new());
+
         // always include the print library for debugging!
         self.include("print", "./lib/io/print.dsa");
 
diff --git a/compiler/src/backend/dsa/mod.rs b/compiler/src/backend/dsa/mod.rs
index 8ee13d7..9b7ed48 100644
--- a/compiler/src/backend/dsa/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/src/backend/dsa/mod.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 use crate::model::{CompilerError, Program};
 
 mod codegen;
+mod instruction;
 mod registers;
+mod scope;
+mod variable;
 
 pub fn generate_code(ast: &Program) -> Result<String, CompilerError> {
     let mut codegen = codegen::CodeGenerator::new(ast.clone());
diff --git a/compiler/src/backend/dsa/registers.rs b/compiler/src/backend/dsa/registers.rs
index 2436b8c..7539182 100644
--- a/compiler/src/backend/dsa/registers.rs
+++ b/compiler/src/backend/dsa/registers.rs
@@ -501,6 +501,7 @@ impl RegisterAllocator {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum Register {
+    // general purpose
     Rg0 = 0,
     Rg1 = 1,
     Rg2 = 2,
@@ -517,8 +518,68 @@ pub enum Register {
     Rgd = 13,
     Rge = 14,
     Rgf = 15,
-    Zero = 16,
-    Null = 17,
+
+    // special
+    Bpr,
+    Spr,
+    Ret,
+    Acc,
+
+    // read only
+    Pcx,
+    Zero,
+
+    // null
+    Null,
+}
+
+impl Register {
+    pub fn get_gp() -> [Register; 16] {
+        [
+            Register::Rg0,
+            Register::Rg1,
+            Register::Rg2,
+            Register::Rg3,
+            Register::Rg4,
+            Register::Rg5,
+            Register::Rg6,
+            Register::Rg7,
+            Register::Rg8,
+            Register::Rg9,
+            Register::Rga,
+            Register::Rgb,
+            Register::Rgc,
+            Register::Rgd,
+            Register::Rge,
+            Register::Rgf,
+        ]
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_gp(&self) -> bool {
+        (*self as u8) < 16
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_index(idx: usize) -> Register {
+        match idx {
+            0 => Register::Rg0,
+            1 => Register::Rg1,
+            2 => Register::Rg2,
+            3 => Register::Rg3,
+            4 => Register::Rg4,
+            5 => Register::Rg5,
+            6 => Register::Rg6,
+            7 => Register::Rg7,
+            8 => Register::Rg8,
+            9 => Register::Rg9,
+            10 => Register::Rga,
+            11 => Register::Rgb,
+            12 => Register::Rgc,
+            13 => Register::Rgd,
+            14 => Register::Rge,
+            15 => Register::Rgf,
+            _ => unreachable!("this function shouldn't ever be called with idx>15"),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl fmt::Display for Register {
@@ -540,7 +601,15 @@ impl fmt::Display for Register {
             Self::Rgd => write!(f, "rgd"),
             Self::Rge => write!(f, "rge"),
             Self::Rgf => write!(f, "rgf"),
+
+            Self::Acc => write!(f, "acc"),
+            Self::Ret => write!(f, "ret"),
+            Self::Bpr => write!(f, "bpr"),
+            Self::Spr => write!(f, "spr"),
+
             Self::Zero => write!(f, "zero"),
+            Self::Pcx => write!(f, "pcx"),
+
             Self::Null => write!(f, "null"),
         }
     }
diff --git a/compiler/src/model.rs b/compiler/src/model.rs
index 83969b7..6b00fa4 100644
--- a/compiler/src/model.rs
+++ b/compiler/src/model.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,14 @@ pub struct Name {
     pub name: String,
     pub namespace: Option<String>,
 }
+impl Name {
+    pub fn new(name: impl Into<String>, namespace: Option<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name: name.into(),
+            namespace,
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Program {