- added support for args in Builder trait

- added is_lib arg for compiler to produce non-main assembly outputs
- updated templates to use include_str

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 /target
 **/*.env
 Cargo.lock
+.test/

PKGBUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Maintainer: zxq5 <zxq5@proton.me>
+pkgbase='damn-simple-architecture'
+pkgname=('dsa' 'dsx' 'dsa-tools' 'dsx-server')
+pkgver=0.1.0
+pkgrel=1
+pkgdesc="Damn Simple Architecture"
+arch=('x86_64')
+url="https://git.zxq5.dev/zxq5/damn-simple-architecture"
+license=('MIT')
+makedepends=('rust' 'cargo' 'sed')
+sha256sums=('SKIP')
+
+build() {
+    cd
+
+    cargo build --release \
+        --bin dsa \
+        --bin dsx \
+        --bin dsa-a \
+        --bin dsa-c \
+        --bin dsx-server
+}
+
+package_dsa() {
+    pkgdesc="DSA core binary"
+    depends=()
+
+    cd "$pkgbase-$pkgver"
+    install -Dm755 "target/release/dsa" "$pkgdir/usr/bin/dsa"
+}
+
+package_dsx() {
+    pkgdesc="DSX client"
+    depends=('dsa')
+
+    cd "$pkgbase-$pkgver"
+    install -Dm755 "target/release/dsx" "$pkgdir/usr/bin/dsx"
+}
+
+package_dsa-tools() {
+    pkgdesc="DSA assembler and compiler tools"
+    depends=()
+
+    cd "$pkgbase-$pkgver"
+    install -Dm755 "target/release/dsa-a" "$pkgdir/usr/bin/dsa-a"
+    install -Dm755 "target/release/dsa-c" "$pkgdir/usr/bin/dsa-c"
+}
+
+package_dsx-server() {
+    pkgdesc="DSX server"
+    depends=()
+
+    cd "$pkgbase-$pkgver"
+    install -Dm755 "target/release/dsx-server" "$pkgdir/usr/bin/dsx-server"
+
+    # Example sed usage — patch config paths for system install
+    sed -i 's|./templates|/usr/share/dsx-server/templates|g' \
+        "target/release/dsx-server" 2>/dev/null || true
+
+    install -Dm644 "dsx_server/templates" "$pkgdir/usr/share/dsx-server/templates" 2>/dev/null || true
+}

core/assembler/Cargo.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ edition.workspace = true
 authors.workspace = true
 
 [[bin]]
-name = "assembler"
+name = "dsa-a"
 path = "src/main.rs"
 
 [lib]

core/assembler/src/assembler/mod.rs

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ impl From<AssembleError> for BuildError {
 
 impl Builder for Assembler {
     type Output = Vec<u8>;
+    type Args = ();
 
     fn logs(&self) -> Vec<String> {
         self.logs_rx.logs()
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ impl Builder for Assembler {
     }
 
     /// Start the compilation process in a separate thread
-    fn start(&mut self) {
+    fn start(&mut self, args: ()) {
         if self.is_running {
             return;
         }

core/assembler/src/main.rs

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ fn main() {
     let output_path = &args[4];
 
     let mut engine = Assembler::new(PathBuf::from(input_path));
-    engine.start();
+    engine.start(());
     let result = engine.output().expect("assembler failed.");
 
     if let Err(e) = fs::write(output_path, result) {

core/compiler/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@ version.workspace = true
 edition.workspace = true
 authors.workspace = true
 
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "dsa-c"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
 [dependencies]
 chrono = "0.4.43"
 common = { path = "../dsa_common" }

core/compiler/src/backend/dsa/codegen.rs

@@ -20,10 +20,11 @@ pub struct CodeGenerator {
     functions: Vec<IB>,
     symbols: Vec<String>,
     allocator: RegisterAllocator,
+    is_library: bool,
 }
 
 impl CodeGenerator {
-    pub fn new(ast: Program) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(ast: Program, is_lib: bool) -> Self {
         CodeGenerator {
             ast,
             imports: HashMap::new(),
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ impl CodeGenerator {
             functions: Vec::new(),
             symbols: Vec::new(),
             allocator: RegisterAllocator::new(),
+            is_library: is_lib,
         }
     }
 
@@ -46,7 +48,9 @@ impl CodeGenerator {
 
     pub fn generate(&mut self) -> Result<String, CompilerError> {
         // always include the print library for debugging!
-        self.include("print", "./lib/io/print.dsa");
+        if !self.is_library {
+            self.include("print", "./lib/print.dsa");
+        }
 
         for block in self.ast.clone().declarations {
             match block {
@@ -101,6 +105,7 @@ impl CodeGenerator {
 
         block.extend(self.globals.values().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>());
 
+        if !self.is_library {
             block.extend(vec![
                 I::Newline,
                 I::global_comment("Entry Point"),
@@ -120,6 +125,10 @@ impl CodeGenerator {
                 I::call("print::print_hex_word"),
                 I::pop(Register::Zero),
                 I::Hlt,
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        block.extend(vec![
             I::Newline,
             // default return block boilerplate
             I::global_comment("Return"),

core/compiler/src/backend/dsa/mod.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ mod instruction;
 mod registers;
 mod scope;
 
-pub fn generate_code(ast: &Program) -> Result<String, CompilerError> {
+pub fn generate_code(ast: &Program, is_lib: bool) -> Result<String, CompilerError> {
-    let mut codegen = codegen::CodeGenerator::new(ast.clone());
+    let mut codegen = codegen::CodeGenerator::new(ast.clone(), is_lib);
     codegen.generate()
 }

core/compiler/src/backend/mod.rs

@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@ use crate::model::{CompilerError, Program};
 
 mod dsa;
 
-pub fn compiler_backend(ext: &str, ast: &Program) -> Result<String, CompilerError> {
+pub fn compiler_backend(
+    ext: &str,
+    ast: &Program,
+    is_lib: bool,
+) -> Result<String, CompilerError> {
     match ext {
-        "dsa" => Ok(dsa::generate_code(ast)?),
+        "dsa" => Ok(dsa::generate_code(ast, is_lib)?),
         _ => Err(CompilerError::Generic(format!(
             "File type {} not supported",
             ext

core/compiler/src/frontend/dsc/parser.rs

@@ -722,37 +722,42 @@ impl Parser {
 
                 // if the next token isn't the beginning of a struct literal this is just
                 // an identifier.
-                if !expect_tt!(self.peek_next()?, LeftBrace).accepted() {
+                // if !expect_tt!(self.peek_next()?, LeftBrace).accepted() {
-                    return ParseResult::Accept(Expression::Variable {
+                //     return ParseResult::Accept(Expression::Variable {
+                //         name,
+                //         expr_type: None,
+                //     });
+                // }
+                //
+                ParseResult::Accept(Expression::Variable {
                     name,
                     expr_type: None,
-                    });
-                }
-
-                let _ = self.next()?;
-
-                let mut fields = Vec::new();
-                while !expect_tt!(self.peek_next()?, RightBrace).accepted() {
-                    let name = expect_value!(self.next()?, Identifier)?;
-                    let _ = expect_tt!(self.next()?, Colon)?;
-                    let expr = self.parse_expression()?;
-
-                    fields.push((name, expr));
-
-                    if expect_tt!(self.peek_next()?, Comma).accepted() {
-                        self.next()?;
-                    } else {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                let _ = expect_tt!(self.next()?, RightBrace)?;
-
-                ParseResult::Accept(Expression::StructLiteral {
-                    name,
-                    fields,
-                    type_id: None,
                 })
+
+                // let _ = self.next()?;
+
+                // let mut fields = Vec::new();
+                // while !expect_tt!(self.peek_next()?, RightBrace).accepted() {
+                //     let name = expect_value!(self.next()?, Identifier)?;
+                //     let _ = expect_tt!(self.next()?, Colon)?;
+                //     let expr = self.parse_expression()?;
+
+                //     fields.push((name, expr));
+
+                //     if expect_tt!(self.peek_next()?, Comma).accepted() {
+                //         self.next()?;
+                //     } else {
+                //         break;
+                //     }
+                // }
+
+                // let _ = expect_tt!(self.next()?, RightBrace)?;
+
+                // ParseResult::Accept(Expression::StructLiteral {
+                //     name,
+                //     fields,
+                //     type_id: None,
+                // })
             }
             Token::LeftBracket => {
                 self.next()?; // consume '['

core/compiler/src/lib.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub struct Compiler {
 }
 
 impl Compiler {
-    fn build(&mut self) -> Result<String, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    fn build(&mut self, is_lib: bool) -> Result<String, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         let input =
             std::fs::read_to_string(&self.src_path).expect("Failed to read input file");
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ impl Compiler {
         // println!("Parsed AST: {:#?}", ast);
 
         // Generate the output using the backend with the parsed result.
-        let result = match backend::compiler_backend("dsa", &ast) {
+        let result = match backend::compiler_backend("dsa", &ast, is_lib) {
             Ok(result) => result,
             Err(err) => return Err(format!("Compilation failed: {err:?}").into()),
         };
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ impl Compiler {
 
 impl Builder for Compiler {
     type Output = String;
+    type Args = bool;
 
     fn new(src_path: impl Into<PathBuf>) -> Self {
         Self {
@@ -66,8 +67,8 @@ impl Builder for Compiler {
         }
     }
 
-    fn start(&mut self) {
+    fn start(&mut self, args: bool) {
-        match self.build() {
+        match self.build(args) {
             Ok(x) => self.result = Some(Ok(x)),
             Err(err) => self.result = Some(Err(err.into())),
         }

core/compiler/src/main.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ fn main() {
     // read from input file: syntax "c_compiler <src.c> [output.dsa]"
     let args: Vec<String> = std::env::args().collect();
     if args.len() < 2 {
-        eprintln!("Usage: c_compiler <src.dsc> [output.dsa]");
+        eprintln!("Usage: c_compiler [--lib | --bin] <src.dsc> [output.dsa]");
         return;
     }
 
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ fn main() {
     };
 
     {
+        let is_lib = args.contains(&"--lib".to_string());
+
         let mut builder = Compiler::new(PathBuf::from(input_file));
-        builder.start();
+        builder.start(is_lib);
         let result = builder.output().unwrap();
 
         std::fs::write(output_file, &result).expect("Failed to write output");

core/dsa_common/src/build.rs

@@ -32,11 +32,12 @@ impl fmt::Display for BuildError {
 
 pub trait Builder {
     type Output: Clone + std::convert::AsRef<[u8]>;
+    type Args: Clone;
 
     fn new(src_path: impl Into<PathBuf>) -> Self;
 
     // starts compilation
-    fn start(&mut self);
+    fn start(&mut self, args: Self::Args);
 
     // non-blocking function, returns output if completed
     fn poll(&mut self) -> Option<Result<Self::Output, BuildError>>;

dsx/dsx/src/main.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{env, path::PathBuf};
+use std::{env, fs, path::PathBuf, process::Command};
 
 use dsx_common::builder;
 
@@ -22,6 +22,38 @@ fn main() {
                 std::process::exit(1);
             }
         }
+        "clean" => {
+            if let Some(dir) = find_project_root() {
+                fs::remove_dir_all(dir.join("build"))
+                    .expect("failed to remove build dir");
+                println!("Build directory cleaned...");
+                fs::remove_dir_all(dir.join("artifacts"))
+                    .expect("failed to remove artifacts dir");
+                println!("Artifacts directory cleaned...");
+            } else {
+                eprintln!("No Dsx.toml found");
+                std::process::exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+        "run" => {
+            if let Some(dir) = find_project_root() {
+                builder::build_project(&dir).expect("Run failed!");
+
+                // start process and call emulator
+                let mut child = Command::new("dsa")
+                    .arg("--cli")
+                    .arg("--bin")
+                    .arg(dir.join("./artifacts/out.dsb"))
+                    .spawn()
+                    .expect("Failed to start emulator");
+
+                // wait for emulator to finish
+                child.wait().expect("Failed to wait for emulator");
+            } else {
+                eprintln!("No Dsx.toml found");
+                std::process::exit(1);
+            }
+        }
         "package" => todo!("Package manager stub – not implemented yet."),
         _ => {
             eprintln!("Unknown command: {}", args[1]);

dsx/dsx/src/new.rs

@@ -37,13 +37,18 @@ pub fn new_project(args: &[String]) {
 
     fs::create_dir_all(src_path.join("lib")).expect("Failed to create lib directory");
     fs::write(
-        src_path.join("lib/print.dsa"),
+        src_path.join("./lib/print.dsa"),
-        templates::create_print_lib(),
+        include_str!("../templates/dsa/print.dsa"),
     )
     .expect("Failed to create print.dsa");
     fs::write(
-        src_path.join("lib/maths.dsa"),
+        src_path.join("./lib/maths.dsa"),
-        templates::create_maths_lib(),
+        include_str!("../templates/dsa/maths.dsa"),
+    )
+    .expect("Failed to create maths.dsa");
+    fs::write(
+        src_path.join("./lib/serial.dsa"),
+        include_str!("../templates/dsa/serial.dsa"),
     )
     .expect("Failed to create maths.dsa");
 

dsx/dsx/src/templates.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
 pub trait Template {
     fn lib(project: &str) -> String;
     fn bin(project: &str) -> String;
@@ -138,452 +140,3 @@ fn main() -> u32 {{
         )
     }
 }
-
-pub fn create_print_lib() -> String {
-    String::from(
-        r#"
-// lib:
-// print.dsa
-
-// usage:
-//
-// include print "<relative path>""
-//
-// usage for print:
-//      push (register containing address of string)
-//      push pcx
-//      jmp print::print
-//
-// usage for reset:
-//      push pcx
-//      jmp print::reset
-//
-// usage for clear:
-//      push pcx
-//      jmp print::clear
-//
-// usage for print_byte:
-//      push (register containing byte)
-//      push pcx
-//      jmp print::print_byte
-//
-// usage for print_word:
-//      push (register containing word)
-//      push pcx
-//      jmp print::print_word
-//
-// usage for print_num:
-//      push (register containing number to print in decimal)
-//      push pcx
-//      jmp print::print_num
-//
-
-include maths "./maths.dsa"
-
-dw display: 0x20000
-dw current: 0x20000
-
-// ------------------------------------------
-// prints the string at addr(arg[0]) to the screen. (no trailing whitespace unless explicitly provided)
-print:
-    push bpr
-    mov spr, bpr
-
-    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
-    ldw current, rg1
-
-_print_loop:
-    ldb rg0, acc
-    cmp acc, zero
-    jeq _end
-    stb acc, rg1
-
-    addi rg0, 1
-    addi rg1, 1
-
-    jmp _print_loop
-
-// ------------------------------------------
-println:
-    push bpr
-    mov spr, bpr
-
-    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
-    ldw current, rg1
-
-_println_loop:
-    ldb rg0, acc
-    cmp acc, zero
-    jeq _println_end
-    stb acc, rg1
-
-    addi rg0, 1
-    addi rg1, 1
-
-    jmp _println_loop
-
-_println_end:
-    call print_newline
-    jmp _end
-
-// ------------------------------------------
-// prints the value of arg[0] to the screen.
-print_word:
-    // initialise
-    push bpr
-    mov spr, bpr
-
-    // load byte into acc
-    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
-    ldw current, rg1
-
-    addi rg1, 3
-
-    stb rg0, rg1
-    subi rg1, 1
-    shr rg0, 8
-    stb rg0, rg1
-    subi rg1, 1
-    shr rg0, 8
-    stb rg0, rg1
-    subi rg1, 1
-    shr rg0, 8
-    stb rg0, rg1
-
-    addi rg1, 4
-    jmp _end
-
-// ------------------------------------------
-// prints the last byte of arg[0] to the screen.
-print_byte:
-    push bpr
-    mov spr, bpr
-
-    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
-    ldw current, rg1
-
-    stb rg0, rg1
-    addi rg1, 1
-    jmp _end
-
-// ------------------------------------------
-// prints the value of arg[0] to the screen in hex.
-print_hex_word:
-    push bpr
-    mov spr, bpr
-
-    ldw current, rg1
-
-    ldb bpr, rg0, 8
-    push rg0
-    call _print_hex_byte
-    addi spr, 4
-
-    ldb bpr, rg0, 9
-    push rg0
-    call _print_hex_byte
-    addi spr, 4
-
-    ldb bpr, rg0, 10
-    push rg0
-    call _print_hex_byte
-    addi spr, 4
-
-    ldb bpr, rg0, 11
-    push rg0
-    call _print_hex_byte
-    addi spr, 4
-
-    jmp _end
-
-// ------------------------------------------
-// prints the last byte of arg[0] to the screen in hex.
-print_hex_byte:
-    push bpr
-    mov spr, bpr
-
-    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
-    ldw current, rg1
-
-    call _print_hex_byte
-    jmp _end
-
-// function body
-_print_hex_byte:
-    // mask to get lower nibble
-    lli 0xF, rg2
-    // save rg0 state
-    push rg0
-
-    shr rg0, 4
-    and rg0, rg2, rg0
-    call _print_hex_nibble
-    pop rg0
-
-    and rg0, rg2, rg0
-    call _print_hex_nibble
-    return
-
-// print a hex digit
-_print_hex_nibble:
-    lli 10, rg3
-    cmp rg0, rg3
-    jlt _print_hex_nibble_number
-    addi rg0, 0x37, rg0
-    stb rg0, rg1
-    addi rg1, 1
-    return
-
-// helper function.
-_print_hex_nibble_number:
-    addi rg0, 0x30, rg0
-    stb rg0, rg1
-    addi rg1, 1
-    return
-
-// ------------------------------------------
-// print whitespace
-print_whitespace:
-    push bpr
-    mov spr, bpr
-
-    ldw current, rg1
-    lli 0x20, rg0
-    stb rg0, rg1
-    addi rg1, 1
-    jmp _end
-
-// ------------------------------------------
-// print newline
-print_newline:
-    push bpr
-    mov spr, bpr
-
-    // load variables into registers
-    ldw display, rg0
-    ldw current, rg1
-
-    // get the offset from the display base
-    sub rg1, rg0, rg0
-
-    lwi 80, rg2
-    pusha 3
-    push rg0
-    push rg2
-    call maths::divmod
-    pop zero  // result
-    pop rg3 // remainder
-    popa 3
-
-    sub rg1, rg3, rg2
-    addi rg2, 80, rg1
-
-    // _end saves the display state
-    jmp _end
-
-// ------------------------------------------
-// prints arg[0] as a decimal number to the screen.
-print_num:
-    push bpr
-    mov spr, bpr
-
-    ldw bpr, rg0, 8      // load number to print
-    lli 0, rg5           // rg5 = digit counter
-
-    // check if number is zero
-    cmp rg0, zero
-    jne _print_num_extract_digits
-
-    // special case: print '0' for zero
-    lli 0x30, rg6
-    push rg6             // push digit to stack buffer
-    lli 1, rg5           // we have 1 digit
-    jmp _print_num_output
-
-_print_num_extract_digits:
-    // divide by 10 repeatedly to get digits
-    cmp rg0, zero
-    jeq _print_num_output
-
-    // call divmod(rg0, 10)
-    push rg0             // dividend
-    lli 10, rg1
-    push rg1             // divisor (10)
-    call maths::divmod
-    pop rg0              // quotient (continue dividing this)
-    pop rg1              // remainder (the digit)
-
-    // convert digit to ASCII and push to stack buffer
-    addi rg1, 0x30, rg6  // convert to ASCII
-    push rg6             // push digit to stack
-    inc rg5              // increment digit counter
-
-    jmp _print_num_extract_digits
-
-_print_num_output:
-    // now print digits (pop them off in reverse order)
-    ldw current, rg1     // get display pointer
-
-_print_num_output_loop:
-    // check if we've printed all digits
-    cmp rg5, zero
-    jeq _print_num_done
-
-    // pop digit and print it
-    pop rg6
-    stb rg6, rg1
-    addi rg1, 1
-    dec rg5
-
-    jmp _print_num_output_loop
-
-_print_num_done:
-    jmp _end
-
-// ------------------------------------------
-// resets the cursor position on the screen to 0x20000. (0,0)
-reset:
-    push bpr
-    mov spr, bpr
-    ldw display, rg1
-    jmp _end
-
-// ------------------------------------------
-// clears the screen
-clear:
-    push bpr
-    mov spr, bpr
-    // display size = 2000 bytes / 500 words
-    lli 500 rg0
-    ldw display, rg1
-
-_clear_loop:
-    dec rg0
-    stw zero, rg1
-    addi rg1, 4
-    cmp rg0, zero
-    jgt _clear_loop
-    jmp _end
-
-// ------------------------------------------
-// return
-_end:
-    stw rg1, current
-
-    mov bpr, spr
-    pop bpr
-    return
-"#,
-    )
-}
-
-pub fn create_maths_lib() -> String {
-    String::from(
-        r#"
-// multiply.dsa
-// usage:
-//
-// include multiply "<relative path>"
-//
-// usage for multiply:
-// push (arg1)
-// push (arg0)
-// call multiply::multiply
-// pop (arg0)
-// pop (arg1)
-
-multiply:
-    push bpr
-    mov spr, bpr
-
-    ldw bpr, rg0, 8  // load op 2
-    ldw bpr, rg1, 12 // load op 1
-    lwi 0, rg2       // initialise rg2 to zero
-
-_multiply_loop:
-    add rg2, rg0, rg2
-    dec rg1
-
-    cmp rg1, zero
-    jgt _multiply_loop
-
-_multiply_end:
-    stw rg2, bpr, 8
-
-    mov bpr, spr
-    pop bpr
-    return
-
-divmod:
-    push bpr
-    mov spr, bpr
-
-    ldw bpr, rg1, 8  // load op 2
-    ldw bpr, rg0, 12 // load op 1
-
-    lli 0, rg3
-
-_divmod_loop:
-    cmp rg0, rg1
-    jlt _divmod_end
-
-    sub rg0, rg1, rg0
-    inc rg3
-
-    jmp _divmod_loop
-
-_divmod_end:
-    // store div in first arg
-    // store mod in second arg
-    stw rg3, bpr, 8
-    stw rg0, bpr, 12
-
-    mov bpr, spr
-    pop bpr
-    return
-
-// multiply.dsa - improved version
-// Multiplies two 32-bit numbers using shift-and-add
-//
-// Usage:
-// push operand2  (multiplier)
-// push operand1  (multiplicand)
-// call multiply::multiply
-// pop result
-// pop zero       (discard second argument)
-
-new_multiply:
-    push bpr
-    mov spr, bpr
-
-    ldw bpr, rg0, 8     // rg0 = multiplicand
-    ldw bpr, rg1, 12    // rg1 = multiplier
-
-    lli 0, rg2          // rg2 = result (accumulator)
-    lli 32, rg3         // rg3 = bit counter
-
-mult_loop:
-    // Check if lowest bit of multiplier is 1
-    lli 1, acc
-    and rg1, acc, acc   // acc = rg1 & 1
-    cmp acc, zero
-    jeq skip_add        // if (rg1 & 1) == 0, skip addition
-
-    // Add multiplicand to result
-    add rg2, rg0, rg2
-
-skip_add:
-    shl rg0, 1          // shift multiplicand left
-    shr rg1, 1          // shift multiplier right
-
-    dec rg3
-    cmp rg3, zero
-    jgt mult_loop
-
-    stw rg2, bpr, 8     // store result
-    mov bpr, spr
-    pop bpr
-    return
-"#,
-    )
-}

dsx/dsx/templates/dsa/maths.dsa

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// multiply.dsa
+// usage:
+//
+// include multiply "<relative path>"
+//
+// usage for multiply:
+// push (arg1)
+// push (arg0)
+// call multiply::multiply
+// pop (arg0)
+// pop (arg1)
+
+multiply:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw bpr, rg0, 8  // load op 2
+    ldw bpr, rg1, 12 // load op 1
+    lwi 0, rg2       // initialise rg2 to zero
+
+_multiply_loop:
+    add rg2, rg0, rg2
+    dec rg1
+
+    cmp rg1, zero
+    jgt _multiply_loop
+
+_multiply_end:
+    stw rg2, bpr, 8
+
+    mov bpr, spr
+    pop bpr
+    return
+
+divmod:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw bpr, rg1, 8  // load op 2
+    ldw bpr, rg0, 12 // load op 1
+
+    lli 0, rg3
+
+_divmod_loop:
+    cmp rg0, rg1
+    jlt _divmod_end
+
+    sub rg0, rg1, rg0
+    inc rg3
+
+    jmp _divmod_loop
+
+_divmod_end:
+    // store div in first arg
+    // store mod in second arg
+    stw rg3, bpr, 8
+    stw rg0, bpr, 12
+
+    mov bpr, spr
+    pop bpr
+    return
+
+// multiply.dsa - improved version
+// Multiplies two 32-bit numbers using shift-and-add
+//
+// Usage:
+// push operand2  (multiplier)
+// push operand1  (multiplicand)
+// call multiply::multiply
+// pop result
+// pop zero       (discard second argument)
+
+new_multiply:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw bpr, rg0, 8     // rg0 = multiplicand
+    ldw bpr, rg1, 12    // rg1 = multiplier
+
+    lli 0, rg2          // rg2 = result (accumulator)
+    lli 32, rg3         // rg3 = bit counter
+
+mult_loop:
+    // Check if lowest bit of multiplier is 1
+    lli 1, acc
+    and rg1, acc, acc   // acc = rg1 & 1
+    cmp acc, zero
+    jeq skip_add        // if (rg1 & 1) == 0, skip addition
+
+    // Add multiplicand to result
+    add rg2, rg0, rg2
+
+skip_add:
+    shl rg0, 1          // shift multiplicand left
+    shr rg1, 1          // shift multiplier right
+
+    dec rg3
+    cmp rg3, zero
+    jgt mult_loop
+
+    stw rg2, bpr, 8     // store result
+    mov bpr, spr
+    pop bpr
+    return

dsx/dsx/templates/dsa/print.dsa

@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+// lib:
+// print.dsa
+
+// usage:
+//
+// include print "<relative path>""
+//
+// usage for print:
+//      push (register containing address of string)
+//      push pcx
+//      jmp print::print
+//
+// usage for reset:
+//      push pcx
+//      jmp print::reset
+//
+// usage for clear:
+//      push pcx
+//      jmp print::clear
+//
+// usage for print_byte:
+//      push (register containing byte)
+//      push pcx
+//      jmp print::print_byte
+//
+// usage for print_word:
+//      push (register containing word)
+//      push pcx
+//      jmp print::print_word
+//
+// usage for print_num:
+//      push (register containing number to print in decimal)
+//      push pcx
+//      jmp print::print_num
+//
+
+include maths "./maths.dsa"
+
+dw display: 0x20000
+dw current: 0x20000
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// prints the string at addr(arg[0]) to the screen. (no trailing whitespace unless explicitly provided)
+print:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
+    ldw current, rg1
+
+_print_loop:
+    ldb rg0, acc
+    cmp acc, zero
+    jeq _end
+    stb acc, rg1
+
+    addi rg0, 1
+    addi rg1, 1
+
+    jmp _print_loop
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+println:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
+    ldw current, rg1
+
+_println_loop:
+    ldb rg0, acc
+    cmp acc, zero
+    jeq _println_end
+    stb acc, rg1
+
+    addi rg0, 1
+    addi rg1, 1
+
+    jmp _println_loop
+
+_println_end:
+    call print_newline
+    jmp _end
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// prints the value of arg[0] to the screen.
+print_word:
+    // initialise
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    // load byte into acc
+    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
+    ldw current, rg1
+
+    addi rg1, 3
+
+    stb rg0, rg1
+    subi rg1, 1
+    shr rg0, 8
+    stb rg0, rg1
+    subi rg1, 1
+    shr rg0, 8
+    stb rg0, rg1
+    subi rg1, 1
+    shr rg0, 8
+    stb rg0, rg1
+
+    addi rg1, 4
+    jmp _end
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// prints the last byte of arg[0] to the screen.
+print_byte:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
+    ldw current, rg1
+
+    stb rg0, rg1
+    addi rg1, 1
+    jmp _end
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// prints the value of arg[0] to the screen in hex.
+print_hex_word:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw current, rg1
+
+    ldb bpr, rg0, 8
+    push rg0
+    call _print_hex_byte
+    addi spr, 4
+
+    ldb bpr, rg0, 9
+    push rg0
+    call _print_hex_byte
+    addi spr, 4
+
+    ldb bpr, rg0, 10
+    push rg0
+    call _print_hex_byte
+    addi spr, 4
+
+    ldb bpr, rg0, 11
+    push rg0
+    call _print_hex_byte
+    addi spr, 4
+
+    jmp _end
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// prints the last byte of arg[0] to the screen in hex.
+print_hex_byte:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
+    ldw current, rg1
+
+    call _print_hex_byte
+    jmp _end
+
+// function body
+_print_hex_byte:
+    // mask to get lower nibble
+    lli 0xF, rg2
+    // save rg0 state
+    push rg0
+
+    shr rg0, 4
+    and rg0, rg2, rg0
+    call _print_hex_nibble
+    pop rg0
+
+    and rg0, rg2, rg0
+    call _print_hex_nibble
+    return
+
+// print a hex digit
+_print_hex_nibble:
+    lli 10, rg3
+    cmp rg0, rg3
+    jlt _print_hex_nibble_number
+    addi rg0, 0x37, rg0
+    stb rg0, rg1
+    addi rg1, 1
+    return
+
+// helper function.
+_print_hex_nibble_number:
+    addi rg0, 0x30, rg0
+    stb rg0, rg1
+    addi rg1, 1
+    return
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// print whitespace
+print_whitespace:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw current, rg1
+    lli 0x20, rg0
+    stb rg0, rg1
+    addi rg1, 1
+    jmp _end
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// print newline
+print_newline:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    // load variables into registers
+    ldw display, rg0
+    ldw current, rg1
+
+    // get the offset from the display base
+    sub rg1, rg0, rg0
+
+    lwi 80, rg2
+    pusha 3
+    push rg0
+    push rg2
+    call maths::divmod
+    pop zero  // result
+    pop rg3 // remainder
+    popa 3
+
+    sub rg1, rg3, rg2
+    addi rg2, 80, rg1
+
+    // _end saves the display state
+    jmp _end
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// prints arg[0] as a decimal number to the screen.
+print_num:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw bpr, rg0, 8      // load number to print
+    lli 0, rg5           // rg5 = digit counter
+
+    // check if number is zero
+    cmp rg0, zero
+    jne _print_num_extract_digits
+
+    // special case: print '0' for zero
+    lli 0x30, rg6
+    push rg6             // push digit to stack buffer
+    lli 1, rg5           // we have 1 digit
+    jmp _print_num_output
+
+_print_num_extract_digits:
+    // divide by 10 repeatedly to get digits
+    cmp rg0, zero
+    jeq _print_num_output
+
+    // call divmod(rg0, 10)
+    push rg0             // dividend
+    lli 10, rg1
+    push rg1             // divisor (10)
+    call maths::divmod
+    pop rg0              // quotient (continue dividing this)
+    pop rg1              // remainder (the digit)
+
+    // convert digit to ASCII and push to stack buffer
+    addi rg1, 0x30, rg6  // convert to ASCII
+    push rg6             // push digit to stack
+    inc rg5              // increment digit counter
+
+    jmp _print_num_extract_digits
+
+_print_num_output:
+    // now print digits (pop them off in reverse order)
+    ldw current, rg1     // get display pointer
+
+_print_num_output_loop:
+    // check if we've printed all digits
+    cmp rg5, zero
+    jeq _print_num_done
+
+    // pop digit and print it
+    pop rg6
+    stb rg6, rg1
+    addi rg1, 1
+    dec rg5
+
+    jmp _print_num_output_loop
+
+_print_num_done:
+    jmp _end
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// resets the cursor position on the screen to 0x20000. (0,0)
+reset:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+    ldw display, rg1
+    jmp _end
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// clears the screen
+clear:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+    // display size = 2000 bytes / 500 words
+    lli 500 rg0
+    ldw display, rg1
+
+_clear_loop:
+    dec rg0
+    stw zero, rg1
+    addi rg1, 4
+    cmp rg0, zero
+    jgt _clear_loop
+    jmp _end
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// return
+_end:
+    stw rg1, current
+
+    mov bpr, spr
+    pop bpr
+    return

dsx/dsx/templates/dsa/serial.dsa

@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+// lib:
+// print_serial.dsa
+
+// usage:
+//
+// include print_serial "<relative path>"
+//
+// usage for print:
+//      push (register containing address of string)
+//      push pcx
+//      jmp print_serial::print
+//
+// usage for print_byte:
+//      push (register containing byte)
+//      push pcx
+//      jmp print_serial::print_byte
+//
+// usage for print_word:
+//      push (register containing word)
+//      push pcx
+//      jmp print_serial::print_word
+//
+// usage for print_hex_byte:
+//      push (register containing byte)
+//      push pcx
+//      jmp print_serial::print_hex_byte
+//
+// usage for print_hex_word:
+//      push (register containing word)
+//      push pcx
+//      jmp print_serial::print_hex_word
+//
+// usage for print_num:
+//      push (register containing number to print in decimal)
+//      push pcx
+//      jmp print_serial::print_num
+//
+// usage for println:
+//      push (register containing address of string)
+//      push pcx
+//      jmp print_serial::println
+//
+
+include maths "../maths.dsa"
+
+dw serial: 0x207D0      // 0x20000 + 2000
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// prints the string at addr(arg[0]) to the serial port.
+print:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
+    lwi 0x207D0, rg1
+
+_print_loop:
+    ldb rg0, acc
+    cmp acc, zero
+    jeq _end
+    stb acc, rg1
+
+    addi rg0, 1
+    jmp _print_loop
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// prints the string at addr(arg[0]) followed by a newline to the serial port.
+println:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
+    lwi 0x207D0, rg1
+
+_println_loop:
+    ldb rg0, acc
+    cmp acc, zero
+    jeq _println_end
+    stb acc, rg1
+
+    addi rg0, 1
+    jmp _println_loop
+
+_println_end:
+    lli 0x0A, rg2       // newline character
+    stb rg2, rg1
+    jmp _end
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// prints the word in arg[0] as 4 raw bytes to the serial port.
+print_word:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
+    lwi 0x207D0, rg1
+
+    stb rg0, rg1
+    shr rg0, 8
+    stb rg0, rg1
+    shr rg0, 8
+    stb rg0, rg1
+    shr rg0, 8
+    stb rg0, rg1
+    jmp _end
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// prints the last byte of arg[0] to the serial port.
+print_byte:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
+    lwi 0x207D0, rg1
+
+    stb rg0, rg1
+    jmp _end
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// prints the value of arg[0] to the serial port in hex.
+print_hex_word:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    lwi 0x207D0, rg1
+
+    ldb bpr, rg0, 8
+    push rg0
+    call _print_hex_byte
+    addi spr, 4
+
+    ldb bpr, rg0, 9
+    push rg0
+    call _print_hex_byte
+    addi spr, 4
+
+    ldb bpr, rg0, 10
+    push rg0
+    call _print_hex_byte
+    addi spr, 4
+
+    ldb bpr, rg0, 11
+    push rg0
+    call _print_hex_byte
+    addi spr, 4
+
+    jmp _end
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// prints the last byte of arg[0] to the serial port in hex.
+print_hex_byte:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
+    lwi 0x207D0, rg1
+
+    call _print_hex_byte
+    jmp _end
+
+// function body
+_print_hex_byte:
+    lli 0xF, rg2
+    push rg0
+
+    shr rg0, 4
+    and rg0, rg2, rg0
+    call _print_hex_nibble
+    pop rg0
+
+    and rg0, rg2, rg0
+    call _print_hex_nibble
+    return
+
+// print a hex digit
+_print_hex_nibble:
+    lli 10, rg3
+    cmp rg0, rg3
+    jlt _print_hex_nibble_number
+    addi rg0, 0x37, rg0
+    stb rg0, rg1
+    return
+
+_print_hex_nibble_number:
+    addi rg0, 0x30, rg0
+    stb rg0, rg1
+    return
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// prints arg[0] as a decimal number to the serial port.
+print_num:
+    push bpr
+    mov spr, bpr
+
+    ldw bpr, rg0, 8
+    lli 0, rg5
+
+    cmp rg0, zero
+    jne _print_num_extract_digits
+
+    lli 0x30, rg6
+    push rg6
+    lli 1, rg5
+    jmp _print_num_output
+
+_print_num_extract_digits:
+    cmp rg0, zero
+    jeq _print_num_output
+
+    push rg0
+    lli 10, rg1
+    push rg1
+    call maths::divmod
+    pop rg0
+    pop rg1
+
+    addi rg1, 0x30, rg6
+    push rg6
+    inc rg5
+
+    jmp _print_num_extract_digits
+
+_print_num_output:
+    lwi 0x207D0, rg1
+
+_print_num_output_loop:
+    cmp rg5, zero
+    jeq _print_num_done
+
+    pop rg6
+    stb rg6, rg1
+    dec rg5
+
+    jmp _print_num_output_loop
+
+_print_num_done:
+    jmp _end
+
+// ------------------------------------------
+// return
+_end:
+    mov bpr, spr
+    pop bpr
+    return

dsx/dsx_common/src/builder.rs

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ pub fn build_project(cwd: &Path) -> Result<(), BuildError> {
     {
         fs::create_dir_all(cwd.join("artifacts"))?;
         let mut asm = Assembler::new("./main.dsa");
-        asm.start();
+        asm.start(());
         asm.write_result("../artifacts/out.dsb")?;
     }
 
@@ -143,8 +143,10 @@ fn build_all_dsc(path: &Path) -> Result<(), BuildError> {
         let input_path = path;
         let output_path = path.with_extension("dsa");
 
+        let is_lib = !(input_path.file_stem().unwrap().to_str().unwrap() == "main");
+
         let mut compiler = Compiler::new(input_path);
-        compiler.start();
+        compiler.start(is_lib);
         compiler.write_result(output_path.clone())?;
     }
 

dsx/dsx_server/Cargo.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ edition.workspace = true
 authors.workspace = true
 
 [[bin]]
-name = "dsx_server"
+name = "dsx-server"
 path = "src/main.rs"
 
 [dependencies]

emulator/Cargo.toml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 name = "emulator"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2024"
-default-run = "emulator"
+default-run = "dsa"
 
 [lib]
 name = "dsa_rs"
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"
 crate-type = ["cdylib", "rlib"]
 
 [[bin]]
-name = "emulator"
+name = "dsa"
+path = "src/main.rs"
 required-features = ["config"]
 
 [dependencies]

emulator/src/emulator/ui/editor.rs

@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ impl Editor {
             match path.extension().and_then(|ext| ext.to_str()) {
                 Some("dsa") => {
                     let mut assembler = Assembler::new(path);
-                    assembler.start();
+                    assembler.start(());
 
                     // Or block until done
                     self.output = match assembler.output() {
@@ -440,7 +440,9 @@ impl Editor {
                 Some("dsc") => {
                     let dsa_path = Path::new(path).with_extension("dsa");
                     let mut compiler = Compiler::new(path);
-                    compiler.start();
+
+                    let is_lib = false;
+                    compiler.start(is_lib);
 
                     if let Err(e) = compiler.write_result(&dsa_path) {
                         self.error = Some(e.to_string());
@@ -448,7 +450,7 @@ impl Editor {
                     }
 
                     let mut assembler = Assembler::new(&dsa_path);
-                    assembler.start();
+                    assembler.start(());
 
                     // Or block until done
                     self.output = match assembler.output() {