progress on serial and added editor

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [workspace]
-members = ["dsa/common", "dsa/assembler_old", "dsa/emulator", "dsa/linker", "dsa/compiler"]
+members = ["dsa/common", "dsa/assembler", "dsa/emulator", "dsa/linker", "dsa/compiler"]
 resolver = "3"
 
 [workspace.package]

doc/interrupts.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+0   => **InvalidInterrupt** – CPU exception for an invalid interrupt request  
+1   => **PageFault** – CPU exception triggered by an illegal memory access  
+2   => **ProtectionFault** – CPU exception for a protection violation (e.g., privilege level)  
+3   => **InvalidOpcode** – CPU exception for executing an undefined opcode  
+4   => **DivideByZero** – CPU exception when dividing by zero  
+5   => **StackOverflow** – CPU exception due to stack overflow  
+6   => **WriteToReadOnly** – CPU exception for writing to a read‑only segment  
+7   => **ReadFromWriteOnly** – CPU exception for reading from a write‑only segment  
+8   => **UnmappedIo** – CPU exception for accessing unmapped I/O  
+
+> **Reserved Range (9–31):** Future CPU exceptions
+
+---
+
+### IRQ Range (32–63)
+
+- **Hardware** – Represents hardware interrupt requests. 
+
+32 => **SerialIn** – Interrupt triggered by serial input
+
+---
+
+### Syscall Range (64–255)
+
+- **Software(u8)** – Represents system calls.  
+  The enum is aliased to start at value **128**, so valid syscall numbers are 128‑255.  
+  Programs typically use the range **64–127** for OS‑defined syscalls, while values ≥128 are reserved for software interrupts.

dsa/assembler/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [package]
-name = "assembler_old"
+name = "assembler"
 version.workspace = true
 edition.workspace = true
 authors.workspace = true
@@ -13,7 +13,9 @@ name = "assembler"
 path = "src/lib.rs"
 
 [dependencies]
+clap = { version = "4.6.0", features = ["derive"] }
 common = { path = "../common" }
 
 num_cpus = "1.17.0"
+strum = { version = "0.28.0", features = ["derive"] }
 threadpool = "1.8.1"

dsa/assembler/src/assembler/mod.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ pub mod model;
 pub mod parser;
 pub mod resolver;
 
+use crate::assemblerv2::lexer::Lexer;
+
 // Re-exports
 pub use self::{
     codegen::codegen,
@@ -173,6 +175,7 @@ fn prepare_dependency(
 
     println!("{:20} {:20}", "Tokenising", filename);
     let tokens = lexer::lexer(src, file_hash)?;
+    // let tokens = Lexer::new(src, file_hash).run()?;
 
     println!("{:20} {:20}", "Parsing", filename);
     let parsed = Parser::parse_nodes(tokens)?;

dsa/assembler/src/assembler/parser.rs

@@ -42,16 +42,12 @@ impl Default for Program {
 
 impl Parser {
     pub fn parse_nodes(tokens: Vec<Token>) -> Result<Vec<Node>, AssembleError> {
-        println!("parsing");
-
         let mut self_ = Self {
             tokens: tokens.into_iter().rev().collect(),
             nodes: vec![],
         };
 
         while !self_.tokens.is_empty() {
-            println!("NEXT {}", self_.peek_next().unwrap());
-
             let ins = self_.parse_instruction()?;
             self_.nodes.push(ins);
         }
@@ -214,13 +210,10 @@ impl Parser {
             }
 
             Opcode::Ieq | Opcode::Ine | Opcode::Ilt | Opcode::Igt | Opcode::Ile | Opcode::Ige => {
-                println!("yes");
                 let src1 = expect_type!(self.next()?, Register, Symbol)?;
                 let src2 = expect_type!(self.next()?, Register, Symbol)?;
                 let dest = expect_type!(self.next()?, Register, Symbol)?;
                 args = vec![src1, src2, dest];
-
-                println!("done");
             }
 
             Opcode::Jez | Opcode::Jnz => {
@@ -307,8 +300,6 @@ impl Parser {
     fn parse_data_definition(&mut self, opcode: Opcode) -> Result<Vec<Token>, AssembleError> {
         let mut values = Vec::new();
 
-        println!("e {:?}", self.peek_next());
-
         let name = expect_type!(self.next()?, Symbol)?;
         values.push(name);
 

dsa/assembler/src/assemblerv2/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+use super::Token;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum AssembleError {
+    UnexpectedToken { expected: String, got: Token },
+    UnexpectedEof,
+}
+
+impl AssembleError {
+    pub fn unexpected_token(token: Token, expected: &str) -> Self {
+        AssembleError::UnexpectedToken {
+            expected: expected.to_string(),
+            got: token,
+        }
+    }
+}

dsa/assembler/src/assemblerv2/lexer.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-use crate::assembler::{AssembleError, Token};
+use std::{str::FromStr, thread, time::Duration};
+
+use common::{asm::AsmOpcode, prelude::Register};
+
+use crate::assembler::{AssembleError, Module, Opcode, Symbol, Token, lexer::parse_opcode};
 
 pub struct Lexer {
     src: Vec<u8>,
@@ -13,10 +17,25 @@ impl Lexer {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn lexer(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<Token>, AssembleError> {
+    pub fn run(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<Token>, AssembleError> {
         let mut tokens = Vec::new();
 
         while !self.src.is_empty() {
+            // thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
+            // println!("{}", *self.src.last().unwrap() as char);
+            // println!("{:?}", tokens);
+
+            if self.src.ends_with(b"\n")
+                || self.src.ends_with(b"\r")
+                || self.src.ends_with(b" ")
+                || self.src.ends_with(b",")
+                || self.src.ends_with(b".")
+                || self.src.ends_with(b":")
+            {
+                self.src.pop();
+                continue;
+            }
+
             if self.src.ends_with(b"//") {
                 self.src.pop();
                 self.src.pop();
@@ -24,7 +43,7 @@ impl Lexer {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            if self.src.ends_with(b"/*") {
+            if self.src.ends_with(b"*/") {
                 self.src.pop();
                 self.src.pop();
                 self.parse_comment_multiline();
@@ -34,15 +53,64 @@ impl Lexer {
             if self.src.ends_with(b"\"") {
                 self.src.pop();
                 tokens.push(Token::StringLit(self.parse_string_literal()));
+                continue;
             }
 
             if self.src.ends_with(b"'") {
                 self.src.pop();
                 tokens.push(Token::CharLit(self.parse_char_literal()));
+                continue;
             }
 
             if self.src.last().unwrap().is_ascii_digit() {
                 tokens.push(Token::Immediate(self.parse_number()));
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if matches!(self.src.last().unwrap(), b'a'..=b'z' | b'A'..=b'Z' | b'0'..=b'9' | b'_') {
+                let mut buffer = String::new();
+
+                while matches!(self.src.last().unwrap(), b'a'..=b'z' | b'A'..=b'Z' | b'0'..=b'9' | b'_')
+                {
+                    buffer.push(self.src.pop().unwrap() as char);
+                }
+
+                if let Ok(opcode) = Opcode::from_str(&buffer) {
+                    tokens.push(Token::Opcode(opcode));
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if let Ok(register) = Register::from_str(&buffer) {
+                    tokens.push(Token::Register(register));
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Check for qualified symbol: identifier::identifier
+                if self.src.ends_with(b"::") {
+                    self.src.pop();
+                    self.src.pop();
+                    let mut rhs = String::new();
+                    while matches!(
+                        self.src.last(),
+                        Some(b'a'..=b'z' | b'A'..=b'Z' | b'0'..=b'9' | b'_')
+                    ) {
+                        rhs.push(self.src.pop().unwrap() as char);
+                    }
+                    if rhs.is_empty() {
+                        return Err(AssembleError::Generic);
+                    }
+                    tokens.push(Token::Symbol(Symbol {
+                        name: rhs,
+                        module: Module::Unresolved(buffer),
+                    }));
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                tokens.push(Token::Symbol(Symbol {
+                    name: buffer,
+                    module: Module::Resolved(self.module_id),
+                }));
+                continue;
             }
         }
 
@@ -50,7 +118,7 @@ impl Lexer {
     }
 
     fn parse_number(&mut self) -> u32 {
-        match self.src.last_chunk::<2>() {
+        match self.src.last_chunk::<2>().map(|[x, y]| [*y, *x]).as_ref() {
             Some(b"0x") => {
                 self.src.pop();
                 self.src.pop();
@@ -93,10 +161,13 @@ impl Lexer {
                 }
                 n
             }
-            _ if self.src.last().is_some_and(|b| b.is_ascii_digit()) => {
+            // decimal number
+            _ if let Some(x) = self.src.last()
+                && x.is_ascii_digit() =>
+            {
                 let mut n = 0u32;
                 while let Some(&b) = self.src.last() {
-                    if b.is_ascii_digit() {
+                    if matches!(b, b'0'..=b'9') {
                         self.src.pop();
                         n = n * 10 + (b - b'0') as u32;
                     } else {
@@ -105,35 +176,27 @@ impl Lexer {
                 }
                 n
             }
-            None if let Some(x) = self.src.last()
-                && x.is_ascii_digit() =>
-            {
-                let x = *x;
-                self.src.pop();
-                (x - b'0') as u32
-            }
             _ => panic!("Invalid syntax"),
         }
     }
 
     // returns nothing as the assembler discards comments
     fn parse_comment(&mut self) {
-        while !self.src.is_empty() && self.src.ends_with(b"\n") {
+        while !self.src.is_empty() && !self.src.ends_with(b"\n") {
             self.src.pop();
         }
     }
 
     fn parse_comment_multiline(&mut self) {
-        while !self.src.is_empty() && self.src.ends_with(b"*/") {
+        while !self.src.is_empty() && !self.src.ends_with(b"*/") {
             self.src.pop();
         }
     }
 
     fn parse_string_literal(&mut self) -> String {
         let mut result = String::new();
-        while let Some(ch) = self.src.pop()
-            && self.src.ends_with(b"\"")
-        {
+        while self.src.last().is_some() && !self.src.ends_with(b"\"") {
+            let ch = self.src.pop().unwrap();
             if ch == b'\\' {
                 let escaped = self
                     .src
@@ -154,6 +217,8 @@ impl Lexer {
             result.push(ch as char);
         }
 
+        self.src.pop().unwrap();
+
         result
     }
 

dsa/assembler/src/assemblerv2/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// mod error;
+pub mod lexer;
+// pub mod parser;
+
+use core::fmt;
+
+use crate::assembler::{AssembleError, Symbol};
+// use common::{asm::AsmOpcode, prelude::Register};
+use lexer::Lexer;
+// use parser::Parser;
+
+pub fn asm(input: &str) -> Result<Vec<u8>, AssembleError> {
+    let mut lexer = Lexer::new(input.to_string(), 0);
+
+    let tokens = lexer.run()?;
+
+    // let ast = Parser::new(tokens).parse().unwrap();
+
+    // println!("{:#?}", ast);
+
+    // let ast = parser::parse(tokens)?;
+    Ok(vec![])
+}
+
+// #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+// pub enum Token {
+//     Symbol(Symbol),
+//     Register(Register),
+//     Immediate(u32),
+//     StringLit(String),
+//     CharLit(char),
+//     Opcode(AsmOpcode),
+// }
+
+// impl fmt::Display for Token {
+//     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+//         match self {
+//             Self::Symbol(symbol) => write!(f, "{symbol}"),
+//             Self::Register(register) => write!(f, "{register}",),
+//             Self::Immediate(immediate) => write!(f, "{immediate}",),
+//             Self::StringLit(string_lit) => write!(f, "{string_lit}",),
+//             Self::CharLit(char_lit) => write!(f, "{char_lit}",),
+//             Self::Opcode(opcode) => write!(f, "{opcode}",),
+//         }
+//     }
+// }

dsa/assembler/src/assemblerv2/parser.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use common::asm::{AsmInstruction, AsmOpcode};
+
+use crate::assembler::Symbol;
+
+use crate::{expect_tt, expect_value};
+
+use super::{Token, error::AssembleError};
+
+pub struct AsmNode {
+    pub label: Option<Symbol>,
+    pub instruction: Option<AsmInstruction>,
+}
+
+pub struct Parser {
+    tokens: Vec<Token>,
+    nodes: Option<Vec<AsmInstruction>>,
+    dependencies: Vec<PathBuf>,
+}
+
+impl Parser {
+    pub fn new(tokens: Vec<Token>) -> Self {
+        Parser {
+            tokens,
+            nodes: Some(vec![]),
+            dependencies: vec![],
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn parse(&mut self) -> Result<Vec<AsmInstruction>, AssembleError> {
+        Ok(vec![])
+    }
+
+    fn parse_instruction(&mut self) -> Result<AsmNode, AssembleError> {
+        let label = expect_value!(self.peek_next()?, Symbol).ok();
+        if label.is_some() {
+            self.next()?;
+        }
+
+        let opcode = expect_value!(self.next()?, Opcode)?;
+
+        let ins = match opcode {
+            AsmOpcode::Mov => {
+                let src = expect_value!(self.next()?, Register)?;
+                let dest = expect_value!(self.next()?, Register)?;
+                AsmInstruction::Mov { src, dest }
+            }
+            AsmOpcode::CMov => {
+                let src = expect_value!(self.next()?, Register)?;
+                let dest = expect_value!(self.next()?, Register)?;
+                let condition = expect_value!(self.next()?, Register)?;
+                AsmInstruction::CMov {
+                    src,
+                    dest,
+                    condition,
+                }
+            }
+
+            // AsmOpcode::Ldb => {
+            //     let src = expect_value!(self.next()?, Register)?;
+            //     let dest = expect_value!(self.next()?, Register)?;
+            //     AsmInstruction::Ldb { src, dest }
+            // }
+            _ => {
+                todo!()
+            }
+        };
+
+        Ok(AsmNode {
+            label,
+            instruction: Some(ins),
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Result<Token, AssembleError> {
+        if self.tokens.is_empty() {
+            Err(AssembleError::UnexpectedEof)
+        } else {
+            Ok(self
+                .tokens
+                .pop()
+                .expect("tokens vector was unexpectedly empty in next()"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn peek_next(&self) -> Result<Token, AssembleError> {
+        if self.tokens.is_empty() {
+            Err(AssembleError::UnexpectedEof)
+        } else {
+            Ok(self
+                .tokens
+                .last()
+                .expect("peek_next called on empty tokens vector")
+                .clone())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! expect_tt {
+    ($token:expr, $($variant:ident),+) => {{
+        let tok = $token;
+        let tt = token.tt().to_string();
+
+        match tt.as_str() {
+            $(
+                stringify!($variant) => Ok(token),
+            )+
+            _ => {
+                // let expected = format!("[{}]", vec![$(stringify!($variant)),+].join(" | "));
+                Err(AssembleError::unexpected_token(
+                    tok,
+                    format!("[{}]", vec![$(stringify!($variant)),+].join(" | ")).as_str())
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }};
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! expect_value {
+    ($token:expr, $variant:ident) => {{
+        let tok = $token;
+        match tok.clone() {
+            Token::$variant(first, ..) => Ok(first),
+            _ => Err(AssembleError::unexpected_token(tok, stringify!($variant))),
+        }
+    }};
+}

dsa/assembler/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+use assembler::prelude::*;
+use clap::{Parser, arg, command};
+use std::{fs, path::PathBuf};
+
+#[derive(Parser, Debug, Clone)]
+#[command(version, about, long_about = None)]
+struct Args {
+    #[arg(short = 'i')]
+    pub input_path: PathBuf,
+    #[arg(short = 'o')]
+    pub output_path: PathBuf,
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // Parse command line arguments
+    let args = Args::parse();
+
+    let mut engine = Assembler::new(PathBuf::from(args.input_path));
+    engine.start(());
+    let result = engine.output().expect("assembler failed.");
+
+    if let Err(e) = fs::write(args.output_path, result) {
+        eprintln!("Failed to write to output file: {e}");
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }
+
+    // let input = fs::read_to_string("../../dsa_resources/framebuffer.dsa").unwrap();
+    // let output = asm(&input).unwrap();
+
+    // for token in output {
+    //     println!("{:?}", token);
+    // }
+}

dsa/assembler_old/src/assemblerv2/mod.rs

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-pub mod lexer;
-pub mod parser;

dsa/assembler_old/src/main.rs

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-use common::{self as _};
-
-use assembler::prelude::*;
-use std::{fs, io::Write, path::PathBuf};
-
-fn main() {
-    // Parse command line arguments
-    let args: Vec<String> = std::env::args().collect();
-
-    let input_path = &args[1];
-    let output_path = &args[2];
-
-    let mut engine = Assembler::new(PathBuf::from(input_path));
-    engine.start(());
-    let result = engine.output().expect("assembler failed.");
-
-    if let Err(e) = fs::write(output_path, result) {
-        eprintln!("Failed to write to output file: {e}");
-        std::process::exit(1);
-    }
-}

dsa/common/Cargo.toml

@@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ edition = "2024"
 path = "src/lib.rs"
 
 [dependencies]
+strum = { version = "0.28.0", features = ["derive"] }

dsa/common/src/asm/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+use strum::{Display, EnumString};
+
 use crate::prelude::Register;
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Location {
     offset: u16,
     register: Option<Register>,
@@ -20,13 +23,95 @@ impl Location {
     // if a register is being used already we have to add the offset to that.
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ImmConst {
     Label(String),
     Imm16(u16),
     Imm32(u32),
 }
 
-pub enum PseudoInstruction {
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, EnumString, Display)]
+#[strum(ascii_case_insensitive)]
+pub enum AsmOpcode {
+    Nop,
+
+    Mov,
+    CMov,
+
+    Ldb,
+    Ldbs,
+    Ldh,
+    Ldhs,
+    Ldw,
+
+    Stb,
+    Sth,
+    Stw,
+
+    Lli,
+    Lui,
+    Lwi,
+
+    Jmp,
+    Jez,
+    Jnz,
+    Jic,
+    Jnc,
+
+    Ieq,
+    Ine,
+    Igt,
+    Ige,
+    Ilt,
+    Ile,
+
+    Shl,
+    Shr,
+    Add,
+    Sub,
+    AddI,
+    SubI,
+
+    And,
+    Or,
+    Not,
+    Xor,
+    Nand,
+    Nor,
+    Xnor,
+
+    Int,
+    IRet,
+    Hlt,
+
+    // Function instructions
+    Call,
+    Ret,
+
+    // Stack ops
+    Push,
+    Pop,
+
+    // data directives
+    Db,
+    Dh,
+    Dw,
+
+    // data reservations
+    Resb,
+    Resh,
+    Resw,
+
+    // Function pseudo-instructions
+    Func,
+    Return,
+
+    // include directive
+    Include,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AsmInstruction {
     Nop,
 
     // move

dsa/common/src/isa/instructions/mod.rs

@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ impl fmt::Debug for Instruction {
             Some(op @ (Opcode::Shl | Opcode::Shr)) => {
                 write!(
                     f,
-                    "{op:?} {src:?}, {dest:?}, r:{rshamt:?} + i:{ishamt}",
+                    "{op:?} {src:?}, {dest:?}, {rshamt:?} + {ishamt}",
                     op = op,
                     src = self.src1_checked(),
                     dest = self.dest_checked(),

dsa/common/src/isa/register.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 use std::fmt;
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+use strum::{Display, EnumString};
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Default, EnumString)]
 #[repr(u8)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
+#[strum(ascii_case_insensitive)]
 pub enum Register {
     // general purpose
     Rg0 = 0,
@@ -22,24 +25,35 @@ pub enum Register {
     Rge = 14,
     Rgf = 15,
 
-    // special purpose
-    Acc = 16,
+    Acc = 16, // temp/scratch register
+
+    // stack registers
     Spr = 17,
     Bpr = 18,
-    Ret = 19,
-    Idr = 20,
-    Mmr = 21,
+
+    Idr = 20, // points to interrupt descriptor table
+    Mmr = 21, // points to page tables
 
     // system - read only
-    Zero = 22,
-    Sts = 23,
-    Cir = 24,
-    Pcx = 25,
+    Zero = 22, // always reads as zero.
+    Sts = 23,  // status register for flags
+    Cir = 24,  // current instruction register
+    Pcx = 25,  // program counter
+
+    #[strum(disabled, to_string = "Ret")]
+    Ret = 19, // used under the hood by call/ret instructions but not used directly in asm.
 
     #[default]
+    #[strum(disabled, to_string = "Null")] // don't include this in FromStr impl
     Null = 26,
 }
 
+impl std::fmt::Display for Register {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{:?}", self)
+    }
+}
+
 impl Register {
     /// Total number of registers, not counting Null as it's not a real register.
     /// reading or writing to Null is undefined behaviour.
@@ -66,90 +80,3 @@ impl Register {
         Ok(unsafe { Self::from_u8_unchecked(idx) })
     }
 }
-
-impl fmt::Display for Register {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(
-            f,
-            "{}",
-            match self {
-                // general purpose
-                Self::Rg0 => "Rg0",
-                Self::Rg1 => "Rg1",
-                Self::Rg2 => "Rg2",
-                Self::Rg3 => "Rg3",
-                Self::Rg4 => "Rg4",
-                Self::Rg5 => "Rg5",
-                Self::Rg6 => "Rg6",
-                Self::Rg7 => "Rg7",
-                Self::Rg8 => "Rg8",
-                Self::Rg9 => "Rg9",
-                Self::Rga => "Rga",
-                Self::Rgb => "Rgb",
-                Self::Rgc => "Rgc",
-                Self::Rgd => "Rgd",
-                Self::Rge => "Rge",
-                Self::Rgf => "Rgf",
-
-                // special purpose
-                Self::Acc => "Acc",
-                Self::Spr => "Spr",
-                Self::Bpr => "Bpr",
-                Self::Ret => "Ret",
-                Self::Idr => "Idr",
-                Self::Mmr => "Mmr",
-
-                // system - read only
-                Self::Zero => "Zero",
-                Self::Sts => "Sts",
-                Self::Cir => "Cir",
-                Self::Pcx => "Pcx",
-
-                Self::Null => "Null",
-            }
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-impl std::str::FromStr for Register {
-    type Err = ();
-
-    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
-        match s.to_ascii_lowercase().as_str() {
-            // general purpose
-            "rg0" => Ok(Self::Rg0),
-            "rg1" => Ok(Self::Rg1),
-            "rg2" => Ok(Self::Rg2),
-            "rg3" => Ok(Self::Rg3),
-            "rg4" => Ok(Self::Rg4),
-            "rg5" => Ok(Self::Rg5),
-            "rg6" => Ok(Self::Rg6),
-            "rg7" => Ok(Self::Rg7),
-            "rg8" => Ok(Self::Rg8),
-            "rg9" => Ok(Self::Rg9),
-            "rga" => Ok(Self::Rga),
-            "rgb" => Ok(Self::Rgb),
-            "rgc" => Ok(Self::Rgc),
-            "rgd" => Ok(Self::Rgd),
-            "rge" => Ok(Self::Rge),
-            "rgf" => Ok(Self::Rgf),
-
-            // special purpose
-            "acc" => Ok(Self::Acc),
-            "spr" => Ok(Self::Spr),
-            "bpr" => Ok(Self::Bpr),
-            // "ret" => Ok(Self::Ret),
-            "idr" => Ok(Self::Idr),
-            "mmr" => Ok(Self::Mmr),
-
-            // system - read only
-            "zero" => Ok(Self::Zero),
-            "sts" => Ok(Self::Sts),
-            "cir" => Ok(Self::Cir),
-            "pcx" => Ok(Self::Pcx),
-
-            "null" => Ok(Self::Null),
-            _ => Err(()),
-        }
-    }
-}

dsa/emulator/Cargo.toml

@@ -26,8 +26,11 @@ common = { path = "../common" }
 egui = "0.33.3"
 eframe = "0.33.3"
 egui_tiles = "0.14.1"
-#assembler = { path = "../assembler" }
-
+egui_code_editor = "0.2.21"
+egui_file = "0.25.0"
+dirs = "6.0.0"
+assembler = { path = "../assembler" }
+egui_extras = "0.33.3"
 
 [features]
 default = ["mainstore-prealloc"]

dsa/emulator/src/args.rs

@@ -17,9 +17,16 @@ pub struct DsaArgs {
 
     #[arg(long = "iomap")]
     io_map: Option<PathBuf>,
+
+    #[arg(long = "headless")]
+    headless: bool,
 }
 
 impl DsaArgs {
+    pub fn headless(&self) -> bool {
+        self.headless
+    }
+
     pub fn get_memory_map(&self) -> MemoryMap {
         self.memory_map
             .as_ref()

dsa/emulator/src/backend/processor/interrupts.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ pub enum Interrupt {
 
     // IRQ's (32-63)
     Hardware(u8),
+    SerialIn = 32,
 
     // Syscalls (64-255)
     // OS defined, program uses INT 64-127
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ impl Interrupt {
             Interrupt::WriteToReadOnly => 6,
             Interrupt::ReadFromWriteOnly => 7,
             Interrupt::UnmappedIo => 8,
+            Interrupt::SerialIn => 32,
             Interrupt::Hardware(x) => {
                 if *x < 32 || *x > 63 {
                     0

dsa/emulator/src/backend/processor/processor.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub struct Emulator {
     shared_state: Arc<SharedState>,
 
     // Interrupts
-    interrupts: mpsc::Receiver<u8>,
+    interrupts: mpsc::Receiver<Interrupt>,
     pending_fault: Option<Interrupt>,
 
     // memory
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub struct Emulator {
 unsafe impl Send for Emulator {}
 impl Emulator {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel::<u8>();
+        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel::<Interrupt>();
 
         Self {
             interrupts: receiver,
@@ -163,6 +163,8 @@ impl Emulator {
             while self.shared_state.reseting.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
                 thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
             }
+
+            self.internal_state.halted = false;
         }
     }
 
@@ -182,19 +184,19 @@ impl Emulator {
             self.check_update();
         }
 
-        // if the cpu didn't halt on it's own then it's ready to run again.
-        if !self.internal_state.halted {
-            return;
-        }
-
         loop {
             // Check for interrupts.
-            if let Ok(code) = self.interrupts.recv_timeout(Duration::from_millis(100)) {
+            if let Ok(int) = self.interrupts.recv_timeout(Duration::from_millis(100)) {
                 self.internal_state.halted = false;
-                self.interrupt(Interrupt::Software(code));
+                self.interrupt(int);
                 break;
             }
 
+            // if the cpu didn't halt on it's own then it's ready to run again.
+            if !self.internal_state.halted {
+                return;
+            }
+
             // UI is resetting the emulator
             self.check_update();
         }
@@ -230,7 +232,7 @@ impl Emulator {
                 }
 
                 match self.interrupts.try_recv() {
-                    Ok(code) => self.interrupt(Interrupt::Software(code)),
+                    Ok(int) => self.interrupt(int),
                     Err(TryRecvError::Disconnected) => break 'emu,
                     Err(TryRecvError::Empty) => {}
                 }
@@ -270,14 +272,21 @@ impl Emulator {
 
     #[inline]
     fn interrupt(&mut self, int: Interrupt) {
-        let idt = self.reg(Register::Idr);
+        self.push(Register::Pcx);
+        *self.mut_reg(Register::Pcx) =
+            self.mem_read_word(self.reg(Register::Idr) + int.code() as u32 * 4)
+    }
 
+    #[inline]
+    fn push(&mut self, reg: Register) {
         *self.mut_reg(Register::Spr) -= 4;
-        let spr = self.reg(Register::Spr);
-        let pcx = self.reg(Register::Pcx);
-        self.mem_write_word(spr, pcx);
+        self.mem_write_word(self.reg(Register::Spr), self.reg(reg));
+    }
 
-        *self.mut_reg(Register::Pcx) = self.mem_read_word(idt + int.code() as u32 * 4)
+    #[inline]
+    fn pop(&mut self, reg: Register) {
+        *self.mut_reg(reg) = self.mem_read_word(self.reg(Register::Spr));
+        *self.mut_reg(Register::Spr) += 4;
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -477,24 +486,15 @@ impl Emulator {
                     self.interrupt(Interrupt::Software(word.imm16() as u8));
                 }
                 Some(Opcode::Hlt) => self.halt(),
-                Some(Opcode::IRet) => todo!(),
+                Some(Opcode::IRet) => {
+                    self.pop(Register::Ret);
+                    *self.mut_reg(Register::Pcx) = self.reg(Register::Ret);
+                }
                 None => {}
             }
         }
     }
 
-    #[inline]
-    fn push(&mut self, reg: Register) {
-        *self.mut_reg(Register::Spr) -= 4;
-        self.mem_write_word(self.reg(Register::Spr), self.reg(reg));
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn pop(&mut self, reg: Register) {
-        *self.mut_reg(reg) = self.mem_read_word(self.reg(Register::Spr));
-        *self.mut_reg(Register::Spr) += 4;
-    }
-
     #[inline]
     fn mem_read_byte(&mut self, addr: u32) -> u8 {
         self.mainstore.read_byte(addr)

dsa/emulator/src/backend/processor/state.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ use arc_swap::ArcSwap;
 
 use crate::backend::processor::processor::ProcessorSnapshot;
 
+use super::interrupts::Interrupt;
+
 pub struct SharedState {
     pub proc: ArcSwap<ProcessorSnapshot>,
 
@@ -11,11 +13,11 @@ pub struct SharedState {
     pub paused: AtomicBool,
     pub update_req: AtomicBool,
 
-    interrupt_queue: mpsc::Sender<u8>,
+    pub interrupt_queue: mpsc::Sender<Interrupt>,
 }
 
 impl SharedState {
-    pub fn new(sender: mpsc::Sender<u8>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(sender: mpsc::Sender<Interrupt>) -> Self {
         Self {
             reseting: AtomicBool::new(false),
             proc: ArcSwap::new(Arc::new(ProcessorSnapshot::default())),

dsa/emulator/src/frontend/components.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 pub mod controller;
 pub mod display;
+pub mod editor;
 pub mod framebuffer;
+pub mod memory;
 pub mod registers;
 pub mod serial;
 

dsa/emulator/src/frontend/components/controller.rs

@@ -83,13 +83,15 @@ impl Component for Controller {
             // Status info
             ui.label(format!(
                 "Status: {}",
-                match (state.halted, paused) {
-                    (true, false) => "Halted",
-                    (_, false) => "Running",
-                    (_, true) => "Paused",
+                match paused {
+                    true => "Paused",
+                    false => "Running",
                 }
             ));
 
+            ui.label(format!("Halted: {}", state.halted));
+            ui.separator();
+
             let pcx = state.registers[Register::Pcx as usize];
             let clock = state.clock;
             let time = state.time.as_micros();
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ impl Component for Controller {
 
             ui.label(format!("Clock: {clock}"));
             ui.label(format!("Pcx: 0x{pcx:08X}"));
-            ui.label(format!("Elapsed: {}micros", time));
+            ui.label(format!("Elapsed: {} micros", time));
             ui.label(format!("Freq: {}MHz", mips));
         });
     }

dsa/emulator/src/frontend/components/display.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,68 @@
 use egui::{Color32, FontId, Vec2};
 
+use crate::{MemoryBank, Page, backend::memory::PhysAddr};
+
 use super::Component;
-pub use crate::io::display::Display;
+
+pub struct Display {
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize,
+    addr: PhysAddr,
+
+    mem: MemoryBank,
+    buffer: Vec<u8>,
+    visible: bool,
+}
+
+impl Display {
+    pub fn new(width: u32, height: u32, addr: PhysAddr, mem: MemoryBank) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            width: width as usize,
+            height: height as usize,
+            addr,
+            mem,
+            buffer: Vec::new(),
+            visible: true,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn visible(&mut self) -> &mut bool {
+        &mut self.visible
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> usize {
+        self.width
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> usize {
+        self.height
+    }
+
+    fn internal_read(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let pages = (0..((self.width * self.height).div_ceil(Page::SIZE)))
+            .map(|i| {
+                let page = self.mem.read_page(self.addr + i as u32 * 4096);
+                page.as_slice().to_owned()
+            })
+            .flatten()
+            .take((self.width * self.height) as usize)
+            .collect::<Vec<u8>>();
+        pages
+    }
+
+    pub fn changed(&mut self) -> bool {
+        let temp = self.internal_read();
+        if temp != self.buffer {
+            self.buffer = temp;
+            return true;
+        }
+        false
+    }
+
+    pub fn read(&mut self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        self.internal_read()
+    }
+}
 
 impl Component for Display {
     fn title(&self) -> &str {

dsa/emulator/src/frontend/components/editor/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,799 @@
+use std::fmt::Write;
+use std::fs::{self, File};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+use std::{
+    ffi::OsStr,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+};
+
+pub mod syntax;
+
+use assembler::prelude::Assembler;
+use common::prelude::Instruction;
+use egui::{Align, Context, Key, Layout, Ui};
+use egui_code_editor::{CodeEditor, ColorTheme, Completer, Syntax};
+use egui_extras::{Column, TableBuilder};
+use egui_file::FileDialog;
+
+use crate::{MemoryBank, Page, SharedState};
+
+use super::Component;
+
+pub struct Editor {
+    state: Arc<SharedState>,
+    memory: MemoryBank,
+
+    // editor state
+    path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    unsaved: bool,
+    text: String,
+    buffer: String,
+
+    // editor widget
+    editor: CodeEditor,
+    completer: Completer,
+
+    // output / loading
+    output: Output,
+    load_offset: u32,
+    offset_str: String,
+
+    // cursor - currently unused
+    cursor_col: usize,
+    cursor_line: usize,
+
+    // file dialogs
+    open_file_dialog: Option<FileDialog>,
+    save_file_dialog: Option<FileDialog>,
+
+    // other
+    visible: bool,
+    show_output: bool,
+    error: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Component for Editor {
+    fn title(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "Editor"
+    }
+
+    fn visible(&mut self) -> &mut bool {
+        &mut self.visible
+    }
+
+    fn ui(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui, ctx: &Context) {
+        if self.buffer != self.text {
+            self.unsaved = true;
+        }
+
+        ui.vertical(|ui| {
+            // Top bar
+
+            if ui.input(|i| i.key_pressed(Key::S) && i.modifiers.ctrl) {
+                self.save();
+            }
+
+            self.render_toolbar(ui, ctx);
+
+            ui.add_space(4.0); // Add some spacing instead of just a separator
+            ui.separator();
+
+            let remaining_height = f32::max(ui.available_height() - 100.0, 100.0);
+
+            ui.allocate_ui_with_layout(
+                egui::Vec2::new(ui.available_width(), remaining_height),
+                Layout::left_to_right(Align::Min),
+                |ui| {
+                    if self.show_output {
+                        egui::SidePanel::right("Editor Output").show_inside(ui, |ui| {
+                            self.output.ui(ui, ctx);
+                        });
+                    }
+                    self.render_editor(ui, ctx);
+                },
+            );
+
+            self.render_bottom_bar(ui, ctx);
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+impl Editor {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(state: Arc<SharedState>, memory: MemoryBank) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            memory,
+            state,
+            path: None,
+            text: String::new(),
+            buffer: String::new(),
+            completer: Completer::new_with_syntax(&Syntax::default()).with_user_words(),
+            editor: CodeEditor::default()
+                .id_source("editor")
+                .with_fontsize(12.0)
+                .with_rows(0)
+                .with_theme(THEME)
+                .with_syntax(Syntax::default())
+                .with_numlines(true),
+            output: Output::new(),
+            unsaved: true,
+            cursor_col: 1,
+            cursor_line: 1,
+            visible: false,
+            load_offset: 0,
+            offset_str: String::new(),
+            error: None,
+            open_file_dialog: None,
+            save_file_dialog: None,
+            show_output: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn filename(&self) -> &str {
+        if let Some(path) = &self.path {
+            return path
+                .file_name()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| OsStr::new("Unnamed!"))
+                .to_str()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| unreachable!("File name should be valid UTF-8."));
+        }
+        "Unnamed!"
+    }
+
+    fn extension(&self) -> &str {
+        if let Some(path) = &self.path {
+            return path
+                .extension()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| OsStr::new("Unknown!"))
+                .to_str()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| unreachable!("File name should be valid UTF-8."));
+        }
+        "Unknown!"
+    }
+
+    fn save(&mut self) {
+        if self.open_file_dialog.is_some() {
+            // TODO: Flash an error stating you can only have one menu open at once.
+            self.open_file_dialog = None;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(path) = &self.path {
+            // Save to existing path
+            self.buffer = self.text.clone();
+
+            let text = if path.extension().is_some_and(|ext| ext == "dsb") {
+                let mut res = Vec::new();
+                for line in self.text.lines() {
+                    for line in line.split_whitespace() {
+                        match u32::from_str_radix(line, 16) {
+                            Ok(num) => res.push(num),
+                            Err(e) => {
+                                self.error = Some(format!("Failed to parse file: {e}"));
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                res.into_iter()
+                    .flat_map(u32::to_be_bytes)
+                    .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
+            } else {
+                self.text.as_bytes().to_vec()
+            };
+
+            if let Err(why) = std::fs::write(path, text) {
+                self.error = Some(format!("Failed to save file: {why}"));
+            } else {
+                self.unsaved = false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Open the save dialog.
+            let work_dir = std::env::current_dir().unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                dirs::home_dir()
+                    .expect("Couldn't get your current working directory or your home directory.")
+            });
+
+            if self.save_file_dialog.is_none() {
+                let mut dialog = FileDialog::save_file().initial_path(work_dir);
+                dialog.open();
+                self.save_file_dialog = Some(dialog);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn open(&mut self) {
+        let work_dir = std::env::current_dir().unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+            dirs::home_dir()
+                .expect("Couldn't get your current working directory or your home directory.")
+        });
+
+        if self.save_file_dialog.is_some() {
+            // TODO: Flash an error stating you can only have one menu open at once.
+            self.save_file_dialog = None;
+        }
+
+        if self.open_file_dialog.is_none() {
+            let mut dialog = FileDialog::open_file();
+            if let Some(p) = &self.path
+                && let Some(path) = p.parent().map(Path::to_path_buf)
+            {
+                dialog.set_path(path);
+            } else {
+                dialog.set_path(work_dir);
+            }
+
+            dialog.open();
+            self.open_file_dialog = Some(dialog);
+        }
+
+        let syntax = match self.extension() {
+            "dsa" => syntax::dsa(),
+            "dsc" => syntax::dsc(),
+            "rs" => Syntax::rust(),
+            _ => Syntax::default(),
+        };
+
+        self.completer = Completer::new_with_syntax(&syntax).with_user_words();
+        self.editor = self.editor.clone().with_syntax(syntax);
+    }
+
+    fn handle_file_dialogs(&mut self, ctx: &egui::Context) {
+        // Handle open dialog
+        if let Some(dialog) = &mut self.open_file_dialog
+            && dialog.show(ctx).selected()
+        {
+            if let Some(file) = dialog.path() {
+                // check if the file is a binary file
+                if file.extension().is_some_and(|ext| ext == "dsb") {
+                    match std::fs::read(file) {
+                        Ok(content) => {
+                            let mut res = String::new();
+                            for (i, b) in content.iter().enumerate() {
+                                _ = write!(res, "{b:02x}");
+                                if i % 4 == 3 {
+                                    res.push('\n');
+                                }
+                            }
+                            self.text = res.clone();
+                            self.buffer = res;
+                            self.path = Some(file.to_path_buf());
+                            self.unsaved = false;
+                            self.error = None;
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            self.error = Some(format!("Failed to read file: {e}"));
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    match std::fs::read_to_string(file) {
+                        Ok(content) => {
+                            self.text = content.clone();
+                            self.buffer = content;
+                            self.path = Some(file.to_path_buf());
+                            self.unsaved = false;
+                            self.error = None;
+                        }
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            self.error = Some(format!("Failed to read file: {e}"));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            self.open_file_dialog = None;
+        }
+
+        // Handle save dialog
+        if let Some(dialog) = &mut self.save_file_dialog
+            && dialog.show(ctx).selected()
+        {
+            if let Some(file) = dialog.path() {
+                self.buffer = self.text.clone();
+
+                let content = if file.extension().is_some_and(|ext| ext == "dsb") {
+                    let mut res = Vec::new();
+                    for line in self.text.lines() {
+                        for line in line.split_whitespace() {
+                            match u32::from_str_radix(line, 16) {
+                                Ok(num) => res.push(num),
+                                Err(e) => {
+                                    self.error = Some(format!("Failed to parse file: {e}"));
+                                    return;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    res.into_iter()
+                        .flat_map(u32::to_be_bytes)
+                        .collect::<Vec<u8>>()
+                } else {
+                    self.text.clone().as_bytes().to_vec()
+                };
+
+                match std::fs::write(file, content) {
+                    Ok(()) => {
+                        self.path = Some(file.to_path_buf());
+                        self.unsaved = false;
+                        self.error = None;
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        self.error = Some(format!("Failed to save file: {e}"));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            self.save_file_dialog = None;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn render_editor(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui, _ctx: &Context) {
+        let available_width = ui.available_width();
+        let mut editor = self.editor.clone().desired_width(available_width - 500.0);
+        editor.show_with_completer(ui, &mut self.text, &mut self.completer);
+    }
+
+    fn render_bottom_bar(&self, ui: &mut Ui, _ctx: &Context) {
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            // error display
+            ui.label(
+                egui::RichText::new(self.error.clone().unwrap_or_default())
+                    .color(egui::Color32::RED),
+            );
+
+            // line and col
+            ui.with_layout(egui::Layout::right_to_left(egui::Align::Center), |ui| {
+                ui.label(format!("Ln {}, Col {}", self.cursor_line, self.cursor_col));
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    fn build(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(path) = &self.path {
+            match path.extension().and_then(|ext| ext.to_str()) {
+                Some("dsa") => {
+                    let mut assembler = Assembler::new(path);
+                    assembler.start(());
+
+                    // Or block until done
+                    *self.output.mut_data() = match assembler.output() {
+                        Ok(instructions) => instructions,
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            self.error = Some(e.to_string());
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+                // Some("dsc") => {
+                //     let dsa_path = Path::new(path).with_extension("dsa");
+                //     let mut compiler = Compiler::new(path);
+
+                //     let is_lib = false;
+                //     compiler.start(is_lib);
+
+                //     if let Err(e) = compiler.write_result(&dsa_path) {
+                //         self.error = Some(e.to_string());
+                //         return;
+                //     }
+
+                //     let mut assembler = Assembler::new(&dsa_path);
+                //     assembler.start(());
+
+                //     // Or block until done
+                //     self.output = match assembler.output() {
+                //         Ok(instructions) => instructions,
+                //         Err(e) => {
+                //             self.error = Some(format!("Assembler error: {e}"));
+                //             return;
+                //         }
+                //     };
+                // }
+                Some("dsb") => {
+                    if let Ok(bytes) = fs::read(path) {
+                        *self.output.mut_data() = bytes;
+                    } else {
+                        self.error = Some("Failed to read file".to_string());
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    self.error = Some(format!("Invalid file type: {}", self.filename()));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn render_toolbar(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui, ctx: &Context) {
+        self.handle_file_dialogs(ctx);
+
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.label(format!("File type: {}", self.extension()));
+            ui.label(format!("Filename: {}", self.filename()));
+            ui.label(format!("Unsaved: {}", self.unsaved));
+
+            // number of lines in the file
+            ui.with_layout(egui::Layout::right_to_left(egui::Align::Center), |ui| {
+                let line_count = self.text.lines().count();
+                ui.label(format!("Lines: {line_count}"));
+            });
+        });
+
+        ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+            ui.spacing_mut().button_padding = egui::vec2(8.0, 4.0);
+            ui.spacing_mut().item_spacing.x = 6.0;
+
+            // Opens a file
+            // ui.add_enabled(false, egui::Button::new("Open"));
+            if ui.button("Open").clicked() {
+                self.open();
+            }
+
+            // Saves the current file
+            // ui.add_enabled(false, egui::Button::new("Save"));
+            if ui.button("Save").clicked() {
+                self.save();
+            }
+
+            // // builds the current file
+            // ui.add_enabled(false, egui::Button::new("Build"));
+            if ui.button("Build").clicked() && !self.unsaved {
+                self.build();
+            }
+
+            // // Loads the generated binary into the assembler at the provided offset
+            // ui.add_enabled(false, egui::Button::new("Load"));
+            if ui.button("Load").clicked() {
+                if self.error.is_some() {
+                    self.error = Some("Can't load program at invalid offset!".to_string());
+                }
+
+                let program: Vec<Page> = Page::paginate(self.output.data()).collect();
+
+                self.state.reseting.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                self.memory.clear();
+                for (i, page) in program.iter().enumerate() {
+                    self.memory.write_page(i as u32 * 4096, &page);
+                }
+                self.state.reseting.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            }
+
+            // Entry widget to enter a load offset
+            if ui.text_edit_singleline(&mut self.offset_str).changed() {
+                if let Some(offset) = parse_address(&self.offset_str) {
+                    self.load_offset = offset;
+                    self.error = None;
+                } else {
+                    self.error = Some("Invalid offset".to_string());
+                }
+            }
+
+            ui.checkbox(&mut self.show_output, "Show Output")
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_address(address: &str) -> Option<u32> {
+    address.strip_prefix("0x").map_or_else(
+        || {
+            address.strip_prefix("0b").map_or_else(
+                || {
+                    address.strip_prefix("0o").map_or_else(
+                        || address.parse::<u32>().ok(),
+                        |oct| u32::from_str_radix(oct, 8).ok(),
+                    )
+                },
+                |bin| u32::from_str_radix(bin, 2).ok(),
+            )
+        },
+        |hex| u32::from_str_radix(hex, 16).ok(),
+    )
+}
+
+pub const THEME: ColorTheme = ColorTheme {
+    name: "Theme",
+    dark: true,
+    bg: "#1b1b1b",
+    cursor: "#de5252",      // fg4
+    selection: "#28323B",   // bg2
+    comments: "#444444",    // gray1
+    functions: "#7CCCC7",   // green1
+    keywords: "#6C81E0",    // red1
+    literals: "#A3ABFF",    // fg1
+    numerics: "#8A46CF",    // purple1
+    punctuation: "#99C9C9", // orange1
+    strs: "#618c84",        // aqua1
+    types: "#B8B9D4",       // yellow1
+    special: "#de5252",     // blue1
+};
+
+struct Output {
+    pub data: Vec<u8>,
+
+    show_bytes: bool,
+    show_words: bool,
+    show_ascii: bool,
+    show_instruction: bool,
+    show_decimal: bool,
+}
+
+impl Output {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            data: vec![],
+            show_bytes: true,
+            show_words: true,
+            show_ascii: true,
+            show_instruction: true,
+            show_decimal: true,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn mut_data(&mut self) -> &mut Vec<u8> {
+        &mut self.data
+    }
+
+    fn data(&self) -> &Vec<u8> {
+        &self.data
+    }
+
+    fn ui(&mut self, ui: &mut Ui, _ctx: &Context) {
+        // Output area with synchronized scrolling
+        egui::ScrollArea::vertical()
+            .id_salt("output_scroll")
+            .max_width(400.0)
+            .show(ui, |ui| {
+                if self.data.is_empty() {
+                    ui.label(
+                        egui::RichText::new("No output data")
+                            .font(egui::FontId::monospace(12.0))
+                            .color(egui::Color32::GRAY),
+                    );
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                    ui.toggle_value(&mut self.show_bytes, "Bytes");
+                    ui.toggle_value(&mut self.show_words, "Words");
+                    ui.toggle_value(&mut self.show_decimal, "Decimal");
+                    ui.toggle_value(&mut self.show_ascii, "Ascii");
+                    ui.toggle_value(&mut self.show_instruction, "Instructions");
+                });
+
+                ui.separator();
+
+                let mut table = TableBuilder::new(ui)
+                    .resizable(false) // makes all columns resizable at once
+                    .column(Column::initial(55.0)); // addr
+
+                if self.show_bytes {
+                    table = table.column(Column::initial(90.0));
+                }
+                if self.show_words {
+                    table = table.column(Column::initial(75.0));
+                }
+                if self.show_decimal {
+                    table = table.column(Column::initial(80.0));
+                }
+                if self.show_ascii {
+                    table = table.column(Column::initial(50.0));
+                }
+                if self.show_instruction {
+                    table = table.column(Column::initial(200.0).clip(true));
+                }
+
+                table
+                    .header(20.0, |mut header| {
+                        header.col(|ui| {
+                            ui.label("Addr");
+                        });
+                        if self.show_bytes {
+                            header.col(|ui| {
+                                ui.label("Bytes");
+                            });
+                        }
+                        if self.show_words {
+                            header.col(|ui| {
+                                ui.label("Word");
+                            });
+                        }
+                        if self.show_decimal {
+                            header.col(|ui| {
+                                ui.label("Decimal");
+                            });
+                        }
+                        if self.show_ascii {
+                            header.col(|ui| {
+                                ui.label("Ascii");
+                            });
+                        }
+                        if self.show_instruction {
+                            header.col(|ui| {
+                                ui.label("Instruction");
+                            });
+                        }
+                    })
+                    .body(|mut body| {
+                        // Process bytes in chunks of 4
+                        for (line_num, chunk) in self.data.chunks(4).enumerate() {
+                            body.row(18.0, |mut row| {
+                                let address = line_num * 4;
+
+                                let value = u32::from_le_bytes(*chunk.as_array().unwrap());
+
+                                // Address column
+                                row.col(|ui| {
+                                    ui.label(
+                                        egui::RichText::new(format!("0x{address:04X}"))
+                                            .font(egui::FontId::monospace(12.0)),
+                                    );
+                                });
+
+                                if self.show_bytes {
+                                    row.col(|ui| {
+                                        // Individual bytes column
+                                        ui.label(
+                                            egui::RichText::new(
+                                                chunk
+                                                    .iter()
+                                                    .map(|b| format!("{b:02X}"))
+                                                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                                                    .join(" "),
+                                            )
+                                            .font(egui::FontId::monospace(12.0))
+                                            .color(egui::Color32::from_rgb(200, 200, 255)),
+                                        );
+                                    });
+                                }
+
+                                if self.show_words {
+                                    row.col(|ui| {
+                                        // Hex column
+                                        ui.label(
+                                            egui::RichText::new(format!("0x{value:08X}"))
+                                                .font(egui::FontId::monospace(12.0))
+                                                .color(egui::Color32::from_rgb(255, 100, 100)),
+                                        );
+                                    });
+                                }
+
+                                if self.show_decimal {
+                                    row.col(|ui| {
+                                        ui.label(
+                                            egui::RichText::new(format!("{value}"))
+                                                .font(egui::FontId::monospace(12.0))
+                                                .color(egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 255, 100)),
+                                        );
+                                    });
+                                }
+
+                                if self.show_ascii {
+                                    let ascii = value.to_le_bytes();
+                                    row.col(|ui| {
+                                        ui.label(
+                                            egui::RichText::new(String::from_utf8_lossy(&ascii))
+                                                .font(egui::FontId::monospace(12.0))
+                                                .color(egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 255, 255)),
+                                        );
+                                    });
+                                }
+
+                                if self.show_instruction {
+                                    row.col(|ui| {
+                                        ui.label(
+                                            egui::RichText::new(format!(
+                                                "{:?}",
+                                                Instruction(value)
+                                            ))
+                                            .font(egui::FontId::monospace(12.0))
+                                            .color(egui::Color32::from_rgb(255, 100, 255)),
+                                        );
+                                    });
+                                }
+                            })
+                        }
+                    });
+
+                // egui::Grid::new("output_grid")
+                //     .spacing([5.0, 2.0]) // Horizontal and vertical spacing
+                //     .num_columns(4)
+                //     .striped(false)
+                //     .show(ui, |ui| {
+                //         ui.label("Address");
+
+                //         if self.show_bytes {
+                //             ui.label("Bytes");
+                //         }
+                //         if self.show_words {
+                //             ui.label("Word");
+                //         }
+                //         if self.show_decimal {
+                //             ui.label("Decimal");
+                //         }
+                //         if self.show_ascii {
+                //             ui.label("Ascii");
+                //         }
+                //         if self.show_instruction {
+                //             ui.label("Hex");
+                //         }
+                //         ui.end_row();
+
+                //         // Process bytes in chunks of 4
+                //         for (line_num, chunk) in self.data.chunks(4).enumerate() {
+                //             let address = line_num * 4;
+
+                //             // Convert chunk to u32 (little-endian)
+                //             let mut bytes = [0u8; 4];
+                //             for (i, &byte) in chunk.iter().enumerate() {
+                //                 if i < 4 {
+                //                     bytes[i] = byte;
+                //                 }
+                //             }
+                //             let value = u32::from_le_bytes(bytes);
+
+                //             // Address column
+                //             ui.with_layout(
+                //                 egui::Layout::left_to_right(egui::Align::Center),
+                //                 |ui| {
+                //                     ui.set_min_width(80.0);
+                //                     let style = ui.style_mut();
+                //                     style.visuals.widgets.inactive.bg_fill =
+                //                         egui::Color32::from_gray(30);
+                //                     ui.label(
+                //                         egui::RichText::new(format!("0x{address:04X}"))
+                //                             .font(egui::FontId::monospace(12.0)),
+                //                     );
+                //                 },
+                //             );
+
+                //             // Individual bytes column
+                //             let byte_str = chunk
+                //                 .iter()
+                //                 .map(|b| format!("{b:02X}"))
+                //                 .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                //                 .join(" ");
+
+                //             if self.show_bytes {
+                //                 ui.label(
+                //                     egui::RichText::new(format!("{byte_str:<11}"))
+                //                         .font(egui::FontId::monospace(12.0))
+                //                         .color(egui::Color32::from_rgb(200, 200, 255)),
+                //                 );
+                //             }
+
+                //             if self.show_words {
+                //                 // Hex column
+                //                 ui.label(
+                //                     egui::RichText::new(format!("0x{value:08X}"))
+                //                         .font(egui::FontId::monospace(12.0))
+                //                         .color(egui::Color32::from_rgb(255, 100, 100)),
+                //                 );
+                //             }
+
+                //             if self.show_decimal {
+                //                 ui.label(
+                //                     egui::RichText::new(format!("{value}"))
+                //                         .font(egui::FontId::monospace(12.0))
+                //                         .color(egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 255, 100)),
+                //                 );
+                //             }
+
+                //             if self.show_ascii {
+                //                 let ascii = value.to_le_bytes();
+                //                 ui.label(
+                //                     egui::RichText::new(String::from_utf8_lossy(&ascii))
+                //                         .font(egui::FontId::monospace(12.0))
+                //                         .color(egui::Color32::from_rgb(100, 255, 255)),
+                //                 );
+                //             }
+
+                //             if self.show_instruction {
+                //                 ui.label(
+                //                     egui::RichText::new(format!("{:?}", Instruction(value)))
+                //                         .font(egui::FontId::monospace(12.0))
+                //                         .color(egui::Color32::from_rgb(255, 100, 255)),
+                //                 );
+                //             }
+
+                //             ui.end_row();
+                //         }
+                //     });
+            });
+    }
+}

dsa/emulator/src/frontend/components/editor/syntax/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+
+use egui_code_editor::Syntax;
+
+pub fn dsa() -> Syntax {
+    Syntax {
+        quotes: BTreeSet::from(['"', '\'']),
+        language: "Assembly",
+        case_sensitive: false,
+        comment: "//",
+        comment_multiline: ["/*", "*/"],
+        hyperlinks: BTreeSet::from(["HTTP", "HTTPS"]),
+        keywords: BTreeSet::from([
+            "NOP", "MOV", "CMOV", "LDB", "LDBS", "LDH", "LDHS", "LDW", "STB", "STH", "STW", "LLI",
+            "LUI", "LWI", "JMP", "JNZ", "JEZ", "JNC", "JIC", "IEQ", "INE", "IGE", "IGT", "ILE",
+            "ILT", "SHL", "SHR", "ADD", "SUB", "AND", "OR", "NOT", "XOR", "NAND", "NOR", "XNOR",
+            "IRET", "RET", "CALL", "INT", "PUSH", "POP", "HLT",
+        ]),
+        types: BTreeSet::from(["DB", "DW", "DH", "RESB", "RESH", "RESW", "INCLUDE"]),
+        special: BTreeSet::from([
+            "RG0", "RG1", "RG2", "RG3", "RG4", "RG5", "RG6", "RG7", "RG8", "RG9", "RGA", "RGB",
+            "RGC", "RGD", "RGE", "RGF", "ACC", "SPR", "BPR", "IDR", "MMR", "ZERO", "PCX", "STS",
+            "CIR",
+        ]),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn dsc() -> Syntax {
+    Syntax {
+        quotes: BTreeSet::from(['"', '\'', '`']),
+        language: "Damn Simple Code",
+        case_sensitive: false,
+        comment: "//",
+        comment_multiline: ["/*", "*/"],
+        hyperlinks: BTreeSet::from(["HTTP", "HTTPS"]),
+        keywords: BTreeSet::from([
+            "INCLUDE", "FN", "LET", "CONST", "STATIC", "IF", "ELSE", "WHILE", "FOR", "BREAK",
+            "CONTINUE", "LOOP", "RETURN", "CLASS", "DEFER", "PUB", "CONST",
+        ]),
+        types: BTreeSet::from([
+            "U32", "U16", "U8", "I32", "I16", "I8", "STR", "CHAR", "BOOL", "VOID",
+        ]),
+        special: BTreeSet::from([
+            ",", ";", ".", ":", "=", "+", "-", "*", "/", "%", "&", "|", "^", "~", "!", "?", "<",
+            ">", "<<", ">>", "==", "!=", "<=", ">=", "&&", "||",
+        ]),
+    }
+}

dsa/emulator/src/frontend/components/memory.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+use std::num::ParseIntError;
+
+use common::prelude::Instruction;
+
+use crate::{MemoryBank, frontend::components::Component};
+
+pub struct MemoryInspector {
+    memory: MemoryBank,
+
+    view_size: u32,
+    view_addr: u32,
+    visible: bool,
+    addr_input: String,
+}
+
+impl MemoryInspector {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(memory: MemoryBank) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            memory,
+            view_size: 1024,
+            view_addr: 0,
+            visible: false,
+            addr_input: String::from("0x00"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Component for MemoryInspector {
+    fn title(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "Memory Inspector"
+    }
+
+    fn visible(&mut self) -> &mut bool {
+        &mut self.visible
+    }
+
+    fn ui(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui, ctx: &egui::Context) {
+        // Right column - Memory
+        ui.vertical(|ui| {
+            ui.heading("Memory Inspector");
+            ui.add_space(10.0);
+
+            // Address input section
+            ui.horizontal(|ui| {
+                ui.label("Address:");
+
+                let address_response = ui.add(
+                    egui::TextEdit::singleline(&mut self.addr_input)
+                        .hint_text("0x1000 or 4096")
+                        .desired_width(150.0),
+                );
+
+                ui.add_space(10.0);
+
+                // Search button
+                let search_clicked = ui.button("🔍 Search").clicked();
+
+                // Handle Enter key in text field
+                let enter_pressed =
+                    address_response.lost_focus() && ctx.input(|i| i.key_pressed(egui::Key::Enter));
+
+                if search_clicked || enter_pressed {
+                    if let Ok(new) = parse_address(&self.addr_input) {
+                        if new % 4 == 0 {
+                            self.view_addr = new;
+                        } else {
+                            println!("Address must be 4-byte aligned");
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        println!("Invalid address");
+                        // state.error_log.push("Invalid address".to_string());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                ui.label("(hex or decimal)");
+            });
+
+            ui.add_space(10.0);
+
+            // Memory table
+            egui::ScrollArea::vertical()
+                .auto_shrink(true)
+                .id_salt("memory_inspector_scroll")
+                .show(ui, |ui| {
+                    egui::Grid::new("memory_grid")
+                        .spacing([12.0, 2.0])
+                        .min_col_width(5.0)
+                        .striped(true)
+                        .show(ui, |ui| {
+                            // Header
+                            ui.strong("Address");
+
+                            for i in 0..4 {
+                                ui.strong(format!("{i:X}"));
+                            }
+
+                            ui.strong("Decimal");
+                            ui.strong("Instruction");
+
+                            ui.end_row();
+
+                            // Memory data (8 bytes per row)
+                            for (row, word) in (0..self.view_size / 4)
+                                .map(|i| i * 4)
+                                .map(|i| (i, self.memory.read_word(self.view_addr + i)))
+                            {
+                                let row_address = self.view_addr + (row * 4);
+                                ui.monospace(format!("0x{row_address:08X} ({row_address})"));
+                                for byte in word.to_le_bytes() {
+                                    ui.monospace(format!("{byte:02X}"));
+                                }
+
+                                ui.monospace(format!("{word}"));
+                                ui.monospace(format!("{:?}", Instruction(word)));
+                                ui.end_row();
+                            }
+                        });
+                });
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_address(address: &str) -> Result<u32, ParseIntError> {
+    if let Some(hex_part) = address.strip_prefix("0x") {
+        return u32::from_str_radix(hex_part, 16);
+    }
+
+    if let Some(bin_part) = address.strip_prefix("0b") {
+        return u32::from_str_radix(bin_part, 2);
+    }
+
+    if let Some(oct_part) = address.strip_prefix("0o") {
+        return u32::from_str_radix(oct_part, 8);
+    }
+
+    address.parse::<u32>()
+}

dsa/emulator/src/frontend/components/serial.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,83 @@
-use crate::{frontend::components::Component, io::serial::Serial};
+use std::sync::{
+    Arc,
+    atomic::Ordering,
+    mpsc::{Receiver, Sender},
+};
+
+use super::Component;
+use crate::{
+    MemoryBank, SharedState,
+    backend::{memory::PhysAddr, processor::interrupts::Interrupt},
+};
+
+/// ## SERIAL LAYOUT: (from the perspective of code inside the emulator)
+/// - [base+0x00]: write valid flag - set by kernel after writing a byte to serial
+/// - [base+0x01]: write byte       - data payload for emulator to read
+/// - [base+0x02]: read valid flag  - set by emulator after writing a byte to serial
+/// - [base+0x03]: read byte        - data payload for kernel to read
+pub struct Serial {
+    pub read_rx: Receiver<u8>,
+    pub write_tx: Sender<u8>,
+    pub read_buff: Vec<u8>,
+    pub write_buff: String,
+
+    pub visible: bool,
+}
+
+impl Serial {
+    fn uart_io_thread(
+        mem: MemoryBank,
+        state: Arc<SharedState>,
+        uart_base: PhysAddr,
+        tx: Sender<u8>,
+        rx: Receiver<u8>,
+    ) {
+        loop {
+            let word = mem.read_word(uart_base);
+
+            // Kernel → emulator: valid flag in bits 31:24, data in bits 23:16
+            if (word >> 24) as u8 == 0x01 {
+                let byte = (word >> 16) as u8;
+                let _ = tx.send(byte);
+                mem.write_word(uart_base, 0x00); // clear the whole word
+            }
+
+            // Emulator → kernel: your existing rx path
+            if (word >> 8) as u8 == 0x00 {
+                if let Ok(byte) = rx.try_recv() {
+                    state.interrupt_queue.send(Interrupt::SerialIn).unwrap();
+
+                    mem.write_byte(uart_base + 3, byte);
+                    mem.write_byte(uart_base + 2, 0x01);
+                }
+            }
+
+            std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(1));
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new(uart_base: PhysAddr, state: Arc<SharedState>, mem_handle: MemoryBank) -> Self {
+        let (read_tx, read_rx) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
+        let (write_tx, write_rx) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
+        let _ = std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            Self::uart_io_thread(mem_handle, state, uart_base, read_tx, write_rx)
+        });
+
+        Self {
+            visible: false,
+            write_tx,
+            read_rx,
+            read_buff: Vec::new(),
+            write_buff: String::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn update(&mut self) {
+        while let Ok(byte) = self.read_rx.try_recv() {
+            self.read_buff.push(byte);
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 impl Component for Serial {
     fn title(&self) -> &str {
@@ -9,9 +88,23 @@ impl Component for Serial {
         &mut self.visible
     }
 
-    fn ui(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui, ctx: &egui::Context) {
+    fn ui(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui, _ctx: &egui::Context) {
         self.update();
 
-        ui.label(String::from_utf8(self.buffer.clone()).unwrap());
+        // Text field for input and a send button
+        ui.text_edit_multiline(&mut self.write_buff);
+        if ui.button("Send").clicked() {
+            self.write_buff.push(0 as char);
+            for byte in self.write_buff.bytes() {
+                self.write_tx.send(byte).unwrap();
+            }
+            self.write_buff.clear();
+        }
+
+        // Display received data
+        ui.label(String::from_utf8(self.read_buff.clone()).unwrap());
+        if ui.button("Clear").clicked() {
+            self.read_buff.clear();
+        }
     }
 }

dsa/emulator/src/frontend/mod.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 use eframe::NativeOptions;
 use eframe::egui;
+use std::mem;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
 
 mod components;
+use components::{
+    Component, controller::Controller, display::Display, editor::Editor, framebuffer::FrameBuffer,
+    memory::MemoryInspector, registers::Registers, serial::Serial,
+};
 
-use crate::frontend::components::Component;
-use crate::frontend::components::framebuffer::FrameBuffer;
-use crate::io::serial::Serial;
 use crate::{MemoryBank, SharedState, config::VERSION};
-use components::{controller::Controller, display::Display, registers::Registers};
 
 pub fn run_app(state: Arc<SharedState>, mem_handle: MemoryBank) -> eframe::Result<()> {
     eframe::run_native(
@@ -90,6 +91,8 @@ impl DsaUi {
             Box::new(FrameBuffer::new(320, 240, 0x30000, mem_handle.clone())),
             Box::new(Registers::new(state.clone())),
             Box::new(Serial::new(0x40000, state.clone(), mem_handle.clone())),
+            Box::new(Editor::new(state.clone(), mem_handle.clone())),
+            Box::new(MemoryInspector::new(mem_handle.clone())),
         ];
         components.iter_mut().for_each(|c| *c.visible() = false);
 

dsa/emulator/src/io/display.rs

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-// use super::{IoAccess, IoHandle};
-use crate::{MemoryBank, Page, backend::memory::PhysAddr};
-
-pub struct Display {
-    width: usize,
-    height: usize,
-    addr: PhysAddr,
-
-    mem: MemoryBank,
-    buffer: Vec<u8>,
-    visible: bool,
-}
-
-impl Display {
-    pub fn new(width: u32, height: u32, addr: PhysAddr, mem: MemoryBank) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            width: width as usize,
-            height: height as usize,
-            addr,
-            mem,
-            buffer: Vec::new(),
-            visible: true,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn visible(&mut self) -> &mut bool {
-        &mut self.visible
-    }
-
-    pub fn width(&self) -> usize {
-        self.width
-    }
-
-    pub fn height(&self) -> usize {
-        self.height
-    }
-
-    fn internal_read(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
-        let pages = (0..((self.width * self.height).div_ceil(Page::SIZE)))
-            .map(|i| {
-                let page = self.mem.read_page(self.addr + i as u32 * 4096);
-                page.as_slice().to_owned()
-            })
-            .flatten()
-            .take((self.width * self.height) as usize)
-            .collect::<Vec<u8>>();
-        pages
-    }
-
-    pub fn changed(&mut self) -> bool {
-        let temp = self.internal_read();
-        if temp != self.buffer {
-            self.buffer = temp;
-            return true;
-        }
-        false
-    }
-
-    pub fn read(&mut self) -> Vec<u8> {
-        self.internal_read()
-    }
-}

dsa/emulator/src/io/mod.rs

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-
-pub mod display;
-pub mod serial;
-// #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-// pub enum DeviceId {
-//     Display,
-//     Serial,
-//     Random,
-//     Timer,
-// }
-
-// pub trait IoHandle: Send {
-//     /// Return the size (in bytes) of the device's addressable region.
-//     fn size(&self) -> usize;
-
-//     /// Return the access permissions for the device.
-//     fn access(&self) -> IoAccess;
-
-//     /// Return the DeviceId
-//     fn id(&self) -> DeviceId;
-// }
-
-// #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
-// pub struct IoAccess(u8);
-
-// impl IoAccess {
-//     pub const READ: Self = Self(0b01);
-//     pub const WRITE: Self = Self(0b10);
-
-//     /// Convenience alias for Read + Write.
-//     pub const READWRITE: Self = Self(Self::READ.0 | Self::WRITE.0);
-//     pub const NONE: Self = Self(0);
-
-//     /// Bitwise OR – returns a new `IoAccess` that contains all flags from both operands.
-//     #[inline]
-//     pub fn or(self, other: Self) -> Self {
-//         Self(self.0 | other.0)
-//     }
-
-//     /// Check if a flag is present.
-//     #[inline]
-//     pub fn contains(&self, flag: Self) -> bool {
-//         self.0 & flag.0 != 0
-//     }
-// }

dsa/emulator/src/io/serial.rs

@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-use std::{
-    path::Component,
-    sync::{
-        Arc,
-        mpsc::{Receiver, Sender},
-    },
-};
-
-use crate::{MemoryBank, SharedState, backend::memory::PhysAddr};
-
-pub struct Serial {
-    pub receiver: Receiver<u8>,
-    pub buffer: Vec<u8>,
-
-    pub visible: bool,
-}
-
-impl Serial {
-    fn uart_io_thread(mem: MemoryBank, uart_base: PhysAddr, tx: Sender<u8>) {
-        loop {
-            let word = mem.read_word(uart_base);
-            // println!("word {:#010X}", word);
-            if word >> 24 == 0x01 {
-                let byte = ((word >> 16) & 0xFF) as u8;
-                let _ = tx.send(byte);
-                mem.write_word(uart_base, 0x00_00_00_00); // clear valid flag
-            }
-            std::hint::spin_loop();
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn new(uart_base: PhysAddr, state: Arc<SharedState>, mem_handle: MemoryBank) -> Self {
-        let (sender, receiver) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
-        let _ = std::thread::spawn(move || Self::uart_io_thread(mem_handle, uart_base, sender));
-
-        Self {
-            visible: false,
-            receiver,
-            buffer: Vec::new(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn update(&mut self) {
-        while let Ok(byte) = self.receiver.try_recv() {
-            self.buffer.push(byte);
-        }
-    }
-}

dsa/emulator/src/lib.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ pub mod args;
 pub mod backend;
 pub mod config;
 pub mod frontend;
-pub mod io;
 
 pub use backend::memory::ram::*;
 pub use backend::{processor::processor::Emulator, processor::state::SharedState};

dsa/emulator/src/main.rs

@@ -47,5 +47,17 @@ fn main() {
         .spawn(move || emulator.run().unwrap())
         .unwrap();
 
-    run_app(state, mem_handle).unwrap()
+    if args.headless() {
+        run_server(&args);
+    } else {
+        run_app(state, mem_handle).unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+fn run_server(args: &DsaArgs) {
+    if args.headless() {
+        println!("Running in headless mode");
+    } else {
+        println!("Running in GUI mode");
+    }
 }

dsa_resources/idt.dsa

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+include print: "./print.dsa"
+
+dw idt: 0xFFFF0000
+setup_base: func
+    push rg0
+    push rg1
+    push rg2
+    push rg3
+
+    ldw idt, idr // load the IDT into the IDR
+
+    // set all 256 interrupt addresses to point to guard
+    lwi _guard, rg1     // load address of guard handler
+    addi idr, 1024, rg2 // counter for 256 entries
+_loop_start:
+	stw rg1, rg2         // store guard into current IDT entry
+	subi rg2, 4, rg2     // decrement counter
+	ieq rg2, zero, rg3   // check if counter is zero
+	jnz rg3, _loop_start // repeat until all entries set
+
+    // make sure we can handle an invalid interrupt
+    lwi _handle_invalid_interrupt, rg0
+    stw rg0, idr, 0
+
+    pop rg3
+    pop rg2
+    pop rg1
+    pop rg0
+    return
+
+setup_io: func
+    push rg0
+
+    lwi _serial_interrupt, rg0
+    stw rg0, idr, 132 // 33*4, interrupt idx 32
+
+    pop rg0
+    return
+
+// does nothing, but wakes the kernel
+_serial_interrupt:
+    nop
+    iret
+
+db _invalid_int: "FATAL: Invalid Interrupt!"
+_handle_invalid_interrupt:
+	call print::reset
+	lwi _invalid_int, rg0
+	push rg0
+	call print::print
+	pop zero
+	hlt
+
+db _err: "FATAL: Interrupt handler was not set!"
+_guard:
+    call print::reset
+	lwi _err, rg0
+	push rg0
+	call print::print
+	pop zero
+	hlt

dsa_resources/print.dsa

@@ -34,20 +34,34 @@ dw current: 0x20000
 // ------------------------------------------
 // prints the string at addr(arg[0]) to the screen.
 print: func
+    push rg0
+    push rg1
+    push rg2
+    push rg3
 
     ldw bpr, rg0, 8
     ldw current, rg1
 
 _print_loop:
     ldb rg0, rg2
-    ieq rg2, zero, rg4
-    jnz rg4, _end
+    ieq rg2, zero, rg3
+    jnz rg3, _print_end
     stb rg2, rg1
 
     addi rg0, 1
     addi rg1, 1
 
     jmp _print_loop
+
+_print_end:
+    stw rg1, current
+
+    pop rg3
+    pop rg2
+    pop rg1
+    pop rg0
+    return
+
 // ------------------------------------------
 // println:
 //     push bpr
@@ -99,11 +113,17 @@ _print_loop:
 // ------------------------------------------
 // prints the last byte of arg[0] to the screen.
 print_byte: func
+    push rg0
+    push rg1
+
     ldw bpr, rg0, 8
     ldw current, rg1
 
     stb rg0, rg1
     addi rg1, 1
+
+    pop rg1
+    pop rg0
     jmp _end
 
 // ------------------------------------------

dsa_resources/serial.dsa

@@ -1,63 +1,116 @@
-// lib:
-// serial.dsa
-//
-// usage:
-//   include serial "<relative path>"
-//
-//   push (register containing address of string)
-//   call serial::print
-//
-//   push (register containing byte)
-//   call serial::print_byte
-
 dw uart: 0x40000
-
 // ------------------------------------------
-// transmit a single byte via sentinel protocol
-// expects: byte in rg0, trashes rg2, rg3, rg4, rg5
+// reads up to rg1 bytes into buffer at rg2
+// args: buf_size @ bpr+8, buf_addr @ bpr+12
+// returns: 0 in bpr+8 on success, 1 on nullptr error
+buf_read: func
+    push rg0
+    push rg1
+    push rg2
+    push rg3
+    ldw bpr, rg1, 8         // buf size
+    ldw bpr, rg2, 12        // buf addr
+    jez rg2, _buf_read_err  // return err if nullptr
+_buf_read_loop:
+    jez rg1, _buf_read_end
+    call read_byte
+    ldw bpr, rg3, 8         // read return value from frame
+    stb rg3, rg2            // store into buffer
+    addi rg2, 1, rg2
+    subi rg1, 1, rg1
+    jmp _buf_read_loop
+_buf_read_end:
+    stw zero, bpr, 8        // return 0 (success)
+    pop rg3
+    pop rg2
+    pop rg1
+    pop rg0
+    return
+_buf_read_err:
+    lli 1, rg0
+    stw rg0, bpr, 8         // return 1 (error)
+    pop rg3
+    pop rg2
+    pop rg1
+    pop rg0
+    return
+
+// read_byte: emulator → kernel
+// reads data from base+0x00, valid flag at base+0x01
+read_byte: func
+    push rg0
+    push rg1
+    push rg2
+    ldw uart, rg1
+_serial_read_wait:
+    ldb rg1, rg0, 1         // base+0x01 = read valid flag
+    lli 0x01, rg2
+    ieq rg0, rg2, rg2
+    jnz rg2, _serial_read_ready
+    hlt
+    jmp _serial_read_wait
+_serial_read_ready:
+    ldb rg1, rg0, 0         // base+0x00 = data byte
+    stb zero, rg1, 1        // clear read valid flag
+    stb rg0, bpr, 8         // return byte
+    pop rg2
+    pop rg1
+    pop rg0
+    return
+
+// _serial_send: kernel → emulator
+// writes data to base+0x02, valid flag to base+0x03
 _serial_send:
-    shl rg0, 16, rg2        // shift byte to bits [23:16]
-    lli 0x01, rg0
-    shl rg0, 24, rg0        // valid flag in bits [31:24]
-    or rg0, rg2, rg2        // rg2 = 0x01_XX_0000
-
-    ldw uart, rg5           // rg5 = 0x40000 (uart address, held for store)
-
+    push rg0
+    push rg2
+    push rg3
+    push rg4
+    push rg5
+    ldw uart, rg5
 _serial_wait:
-    ldw rg5, rg0            // poll mem[0x40000]
-    shr rg0, 24, rg0
+    ldb rg5, rg2, 3         // base+0x03 = write valid flag
     lli 0x01, rg3
-    ieq rg0, rg3, rg4
-    jnz rg4, _serial_wait   // loop while valid == 1
-
-    stw rg2, rg5            // mem[0x40000] = sentinel word
+    ieq rg2, rg3, rg4
+    jnz rg4, _serial_wait   // wait while emulator hasn't consumed yet
+    stb rg0, rg5, 2         // base+0x02 = data byte
+    lli 0x01, rg2
+    stb rg2, rg5, 3         // base+0x03 = set valid flag
+    pop rg5
+    pop rg4
+    pop rg3
+    pop rg2
+    pop rg0
     ret
-
 // ------------------------------------------
 // prints the null-terminated string at addr(arg[0])
 print: func
+    push rg0
+    push rg1
+    push rg2
     ldw bpr, rg0, 8         // load string address from arg
-
 _serial_print_loop:
-    ldb rg0, rg2            // load byte
-    ieq rg2, zero, rg4      // null terminator?
-    jnz rg4, _serial_end
-
+    ldb rg0, rg1            // load byte
+    ieq rg1, zero, rg2      // null terminator?
+    jnz rg2, _serial_print_end
     push rg0                // save string pointer
-    mov rg2, rg0
+    mov rg1, rg0
     call _serial_send
     pop rg0
-
-    addi rg0, 1
+    addi rg0, 1, rg0
     jmp _serial_print_loop
-
+_serial_print_end:
+    pop rg2
+    pop rg1
+    pop rg0
+    jmp _serial_end
 // ------------------------------------------
 // prints the last byte of arg[0]
 print_byte: func
+    push rg0
     ldw bpr, rg0, 8
     call _serial_send
+    pop rg0
     jmp _serial_end
-
 // ------------------------------------------
 _serial_end:
     return

dsa_resources/serialtest.dsa

@@ -1,14 +1,44 @@
 include serial: "./serial.dsa"
+include idt: "./idt.dsa"
+include print: "./print.dsa"
+
+resb buff: 256
 
 dw stack: 0x1000
 _init:
     ldw stack, bpr
     mov bpr, spr
+	call idt::setup_base
+	call idt::setup_io
 
-db hello: "Serial works lol. this took ages and some clanker forgetting to dereference a pointer."
+db hello2: "hello2"
+db hello: "Test message, hello world etc etc."
 main:
     lwi hello, rg0
     push rg0
     call serial::print
     pop zero
+	
+    lwi hello, rg0
+	push rg0
+	call print::print
+	pop zero
+
+	//lwi buff, rg0
+	//lwi 32, rg1
+	//push rg0
+	//push rg1
+	push zero
+	call serial::read_byte
+	pop rg0
+	//pop zero
+	push rg0
+	call print::print
+	pop zero
+
+	lwi hello2, rg0
+	push rg0
+	call print::print
+	pop zero
+
     hlt