CSPP-coursework/final/editor.c

#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "dynstr.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "state.h"
#include <ncurses.h>

#define min(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
#define max(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))

typedef struct {
    uint32_t lines;
    uint32_t capacity;
    uint32_t buffer_line;
    uint32_t buffer_col;
    uint32_t y_offset;
    uint32_t x_offset;
    bool unsaved_changes;
    bool editmode;
    String_t filename;
    String_t* buffer;

    // variables needed for the changelog functionality
    int original_len;   // length of the original buffer
    String_t* original; // original buffer
    StateArray diff;    // changelog
} Editor;

void add_toolbar(Editor* self) {
    int max_x, max_y;
    getmaxyx(stdscr, max_y, max_x);

    attron(COLOR_PAIR(2));

    // add an entry for the current mode
    move(max_y - 1, 0);
    char mode[9];
    snprintf(mode, 9, "[%6s]", self->editmode ? "Insert" : "Normal");
    addstr(mode);

    // add an entry for the current line and col
    char line_and_col[24];
    snprintf(line_and_col, 24, " [ln: %d, col: %d]", self->buffer_line + 1, self->buffer_col + 1);
    addstr(line_and_col);
    attroff(COLOR_PAIR(2));

    // add an entry for unsaved changes
    attron(COLOR_PAIR(1));
    char unsaved_changes[20];
    snprintf(unsaved_changes, 20, " [%s]", self->unsaved_changes ? "Unsaved Changes!" : "No Changes Yet! ");
    addstr(unsaved_changes);
    attroff(COLOR_PAIR(1));
}

void refresh_cursor(Editor* self) {

    int max_x,max_y;
    getmaxyx(stdscr, max_y, max_x);
    
    // Clamp cursor position to screen bounds
    int cursor_y = min(
        max(self->buffer_line - self->y_offset, 0), 
        max_y - 1
    );
    int cursor_x = min(
        max(self->buffer_col - self->x_offset + 5, 5), 
        max_x - 1
    );
    
    move(cursor_y, cursor_x);
}

void refresh_buffer(Editor* self) {
    move(0, 0);
    clear();

    // get the screen size so we can figure out where to place characters
    int max_x, max_y;
    getmaxyx(stdscr, max_y, max_x);
    max_y--; // Reserve bottom line for toolbar

    // Ensure y_offset is valid
    if (self->buffer_line >= self->y_offset + max_y) {
        self->y_offset = self->buffer_line - max_y + 1;
    }
    if (self->buffer_line < self->y_offset) {
        self->y_offset = self->buffer_line;
    }

    // Display visible lines
    for (size_t i = self->y_offset; i < self->lines && i < self->y_offset + max_y; i++) {
        move(i - self->y_offset, 0);
        
        // adding the line number
        attron(COLOR_PAIR(1));
        char line_no[6];
        snprintf(line_no, 6, "%-4d]", i + 1);
        addstr(line_no);
        attroff(COLOR_PAIR(1));

        // Only try to display the line if it's within bounds
        if (i < self->lines) {
            // Calculate visible portion of line
            int visible_start = self->x_offset;
            int line_len = str_len(&self->buffer[i]);
            int visible_end = min(line_len, self->x_offset + max_x - 5);
            
            if (visible_start < line_len) {
                String_t line_segment = str_slice(
                    &self->buffer[i],
                    visible_start,
                    visible_end
                );

                char* data = to_chars(&line_segment);

                addstr(data);
                str_dealloc(&line_segment);
                free(data);
            }
        }
    }    

    add_toolbar(self);
    refresh_cursor(self);
    }


void move_cursor_on_screen(Editor* self, int x, int y) {
    bool offset_changed = false;
    int max_x, max_y;
    
    getmaxyx(stdscr, max_y, max_x);
    max_y--; // Reserve bottom line for toolbar
    max_x -= 5; // Account for line number margin

        // Adjust x_offset if cursor would be off screen
    if (x + 5 >= max_x + self->x_offset) {
        self->x_offset = x - max_x + 6;
        offset_changed = true;
    }
    if (x < self->x_offset) {
        self->x_offset = x;
        offset_changed = true;
    }

    // Adjust y_offset if cursor would be off screen
    if (y >= max_y + self->y_offset) {
        self->y_offset = y - max_y + 1;
        offset_changed = true;
    }
    if (y < self->y_offset) {
        self->y_offset = y;
        offset_changed = true;
    }
    if (offset_changed) {
        refresh_buffer(self);
    } else {
        refresh_cursor(self);
    }
}

void switch_mode(Editor* self) {
    self->editmode = !self->editmode;
    refresh_buffer(self);
}

void newline(Editor* self) {
    move(self->buffer_line, 0);
    char line_no[6];
    snprintf(line_no, 6, "%-5d", self->buffer_line + 1);

    // add the line number
    attron(COLOR_PAIR(1));
    addstr(line_no);
    attroff(COLOR_PAIR(1));
    move_cursor_on_screen(self, self->buffer_col, self->buffer_line);
}

// instantiates a new editor object given an input string and a filename
Editor editor_from(String_t input_string, String_t filename) {
    Editor e;
    e.lines = 0;
    e.buffer_line = 0;
    e.buffer_col = 0;
    e.y_offset = 0;
    e.x_offset = 0;
    e.editmode = false;
    e.unsaved_changes = false;
    e.filename = filename;

    int linenum = 0;
    e.buffer = str_lines(&input_string, &linenum);
    e.original = str_clone_all(e.buffer, linenum);
    e.lines = (uint32_t)linenum;
    e.original_len = linenum;
    e.capacity = e.lines;

    e.diff = arr_init(e.lines);

    str_dealloc(&input_string);
 
    refresh_buffer(&e);  
    return e;
}

// creates a new editor object from a filename with an emptry buffer
Editor new_editor(String_t filename) {
    return editor_from(str_new(), filename);
}

// prints the changelog for the editor.
int print_diff(Editor* self) {

    char buffer[512];
    String_t log_string = str_new();
    int original_offset;
    int modified_offset;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->diff.size; i++) {
        LineState state = self->diff.data[i];

        // for each token in the state, we print the corresponding line if there is a change.
        switch (state) {
            // case UNMODIFIED:
            //     original_offset = arr_original_offset(&self->diff, i);
            //     snprintf(
            //         buffer,
            //         512,
            //         "UNMODIFIED %s \n", 
            //         to_chars(&self->buffer[original_offset + i])
            //     );
            //     str_push_str(&log_string, buffer);
            //     break;
            case MODIFIED:
                original_offset = arr_original_offset(&self->diff, i);
                modified_offset = arr_modified_offset(&self->diff, i);
                snprintf(
                    buffer,
                    512,
                    "MODIFIED %-6d | %s\n      -> %-6d | %s \n", 
                    original_offset + i + 1,
                    to_chars(&self->original[original_offset + i]),
                    modified_offset + i + 1,
                    to_chars(&self->buffer[modified_offset + i])
                );
                str_push_str(&log_string, buffer);
                break;

            case REMOVED:
                original_offset = arr_original_offset(&self->diff, i);
                snprintf(
                    buffer,
                    512,
                    "REMOVED  %-6d | %s \n", 
                    original_offset + i + 1,
                    to_chars(&self->original[original_offset + i])
                );
                str_push_str(&log_string, buffer);
                break;

            case ADDED:
                modified_offset = arr_modified_offset(&self->diff, i);
                snprintf(
                    buffer,
                    512,
                    "ADDED    %-6d | %s \n", 
                    modified_offset + i + 1,
                    to_chars(&self->buffer[modified_offset + i])
                );
                str_push_str(&log_string, buffer);
                break;

            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    if (write_log(&log_string) == -1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error writing log\n");
        return -1;
    }
    str_dealloc(&log_string);
}

// saves the current buffer to a file
int save_file(Editor* self) {   
    String_t log_string = str_new();
    char log_message[64];
    char* name = to_chars(&self->filename);
    FILE* file = fopen(name, "w");

    if (file == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Could not open file %s\n", name);
        return -1;
    }

    // writes the content line by line to the file
    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->lines; i++) {
        if (str_to_file(&self->buffer[i], file) == -1) {
            free(name);
            fprintf(stderr, "Error writing to file\n");
            return -1;
        }
    }

    // debug method
    // arr_print(&self->diff);
    print_diff(self);

    free(name);
    fclose(file);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->original_len; i++) {
        str_dealloc(&self->original[i]);
    }
    free(self->original);
    self->original = str_clone_all(self->buffer, self->lines);
    self->original_len = self->lines;

    snprintf(log_message, 64, "Edited file [%s]\n", to_chars(&self->filename));
    str_push_str(&log_string, log_message);

    snprintf(log_message, 64, "Old Length: [%d] New Length: [%d]\n", self->original_len, self->lines);
    str_push_str(&log_string, log_message);

    // log messages
    if (write_log(&log_string) == -1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error writing log\n");
        return -1;
    }

    printf("wrote log");
    str_dealloc(&log_string);

    arr_dealloc(&self->diff);
    self->diff = arr_init(self->lines);
    return 0;
}

// move the cursor around the screen
// this uses extensive bounds checking to ensure that the cursor moves to the next line correctly
void move_cursor(Editor* self, int x, int y) {
    if (y != 0
        && (int)(self->buffer_line) + y >= 0
        && self->buffer_line + y < self->lines)  
    {
        // move the cursor up or down
        self->buffer_line += y;
        int line_width = str_len(&self->buffer[self->buffer_line]);
        if (self->buffer_col > line_width) {
            self->buffer_col = line_width;
        }
    } else if ((int)(self->buffer_col) + x < 0) {
        // moving the cursor off the left hand side of the line
        if ((int)self->buffer_line > 0) {
            self->buffer_line -= 1;
            self->buffer_col = str_len(&self->buffer[self->buffer_line]);
        }
    } else if (x != 0 && self->buffer_line < self->lines) {  
        int line_width = str_len(&self->buffer[self->buffer_line]);
        if (self->buffer_col + x > line_width) {
            // moving the cursor off the right hand side of the line
            if (self->buffer_line + 1 < self->lines) {  
                self->buffer_col = 0;
                self->buffer_line += 1;
            }
        } else {
            // moving the cursor left or right in any other case
            self->buffer_col += x;
        }
    }    
    move_cursor_on_screen(self, self->buffer_col, self->buffer_line);
}

void delchar(Editor* self) {
    self->unsaved_changes = true;

    if (self->buffer_col == str_len(&self->buffer[self->buffer_line])) {
        if (self->buffer_line +1 == self->lines) {
            return;
        }

        // obtain string objects that reference the old lines.
        String_t old_curr_line = self->buffer[self->buffer_line];
        String_t old_next_line = self->buffer[self->buffer_line + 1];

        // assign the new line
        self->buffer[self->buffer_line] = str_merge(&old_curr_line, &old_next_line);

        if (arr_get(&self->diff, self->buffer_line + 1) == ADDED) {
            arr_remove(&self->diff, self->buffer_line + 1);
        } else {
            arr_set(&self->diff, self->buffer_line + 1, REMOVED);
        }

        // deallocate the memory for the old lines
        str_dealloc(&old_curr_line);
        str_dealloc(&old_next_line);

        for (size_t i = self->buffer_line + 2; i < self->lines; i++) {
            self->buffer[i - 1] = self->buffer[i];
        }

        // replace the last line
        self->buffer[self->lines - 1] = str_new();
        self->lines--;
        refresh_buffer(self);
    } else {
        // removes the character from the current line
        arr_set(&self->diff, self->buffer_line, MODIFIED);

        str_remove(&self->buffer[self->buffer_line], self->buffer_col);
        delch();
    }

}

void pressed_enter(Editor* self) {
    self->unsaved_changes = true;

    // allocate memory immediately since we know a new line is being added
    self->lines++;

    while (self->lines > self->capacity) {
        self->capacity++;
    }
    self->buffer = (String_t*)realloc(self->buffer, sizeof(String_t) * (self->capacity));

    if (self->buffer_col == 0) {
        arr_insert(&self->diff, self->buffer_line, ADDED);
    } else if (self->buffer_col == str_len(&self->buffer[self->buffer_line])) {
        arr_insert(&self->diff, self->buffer_line + 1, ADDED);
    } else {
        arr_insert(&self->diff, self->buffer_line + 1, ADDED);
    }

    if (self->buffer_line == self->lines -1) {
        // if at end of file add an empty line
        self->buffer[self->lines - 1] = str_new();
    } else {        
        // else shift each line downwards including everything past the cursor on the current line
        for (size_t i = self->lines - 1; i > self->buffer_line + 1; i--) {
            self->buffer[i] = self->buffer[i - 1];
        }

        String_t old_line = self->buffer[self->buffer_line];

        self->buffer[self->buffer_line + 1] = str_slice(
            &self->buffer[self->buffer_line], 
            self->buffer_col,
            str_len(&self->buffer[self->buffer_line])
        );

        self->buffer[self->buffer_line] = str_slice(
            &self->buffer[self->buffer_line], 
            0,
            self->buffer_col
        );

        str_dealloc(&old_line);
    }
    // refresh the screen with the new data
    refresh_buffer(self);
    move_cursor(self, 1, 0);
}

// inserts a character at the cursor
void addchar(Editor* self, char c) {
    self->unsaved_changes = true;

    if (self->buffer_line == self->lines) {
        // if we are at the end of the file then we need to add a new line
        if (arr_get(&self->diff, self->buffer_line) == REMOVED) {
            arr_set(&self->diff, self->buffer_line, MODIFIED);
        } else {
            arr_insert(&self->diff, self->buffer_line, ADDED);
        }

        newline(self);
            
        // reallocate self->buffer to be 1 larger
        self->lines++;

        while (self->lines > self->capacity) {
            self->capacity++;
        }

        self->buffer = (String_t*)realloc(self->buffer, sizeof(String_t) * (self->capacity));

        // allocate the memory space for the new line and add it to the buffer
        self->buffer[self->buffer_line] = str_new();
    } else {
        if (arr_get(&self->diff, self->buffer_line) == UNMODIFIED) {
            arr_set(&self->diff, self->buffer_line, MODIFIED);  
        }
    }

    insch(c);
    // insert the character into the string at the given index
    str_insert(&self->buffer[self->buffer_line], self->buffer_col, c);
    move_cursor(self, 1, 0);
}

// closes the editor and ensures that all used resources are deallocated
void shutdown_editor(Editor* self) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->capacity; i++) {
        str_dealloc(&self->buffer[i]);
    }
    free(self->buffer);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->original_len; i++) {
        str_dealloc(&self->original[i]);
    }
    free(self->original);

    str_dealloc(&self->filename);
}