diff --git a/final/dynstr.c b/final/dynstr.c
index ba26941..ad1c61f 100644
--- a/final/dynstr.c
+++ b/final/dynstr.c
@@ -7,36 +7,35 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-typedef struct {
+typedef struct String {
     uint32_t size, capacity;
     char* data;
 } String_t;
 
-String_t str_with_capacity(int capacity) {
-    String_t s;
-
-    /// allocate memory for 'capacity' chars
-    s.data = (char*)calloc(capacity, sizeof(char));
-
-    s.size = 0;
-    s.capacity = capacity;
-
-    return s;
+int str_len(String_t* s) {
+    return (int)s->size;
 }
 
-String_t str_from_chars(const char* string) {
-    String_t s;
+char* to_chars(String_t* s) {
+    // allocate buffer with null terminator
+    char* buffer = (char*)calloc(s->size + 1, sizeof(char));
+    for (int i = 0; i < s->size; i++) {
+        buffer[i] = s->data[i];
+    }
+    buffer[s->size] = '\0';
+    return buffer;
+}
 
-    s.data = (char*)calloc(strlen(string), sizeof(char));
-    strcpy(s.data, string);
-    s.size = strlen(string);
-    s.capacity = strlen(string);
+String_t str_with_capacity(int capacity) {
+    String_t s;
+    s.data = (char*)calloc(capacity, sizeof(char));
+    s.size = 0;
+    s.capacity = capacity;
     return s;
 }
 
 String_t str_from_slice(const char* string, int len) {
     String_t s;
-
     s.data = (char*)calloc(len, sizeof(char));
     strncpy(s.data, string, len);
     s.size = len;
@@ -44,27 +43,26 @@ String_t str_from_slice(const char* string, int len) {
     return s;
 }
 
+String_t str_from_chars(const char* string) {
+    return str_from_slice(string, strlen(string));
+}
 
 String_t str_new() {
     return str_with_capacity(1);
 }
 
-
-
 int str_dealloc(String_t* self) {
     free(self->data);
     return 0;
 }
 
 int str_push(String_t* self, char c) {
-    // check size < capacity
     if (self->size < self->capacity) {
         self->data[self->size] = c;
         self->size++;
         return 0;
     }
 
-    // reallocate to add capacity for an extra char
     int newcap = self->capacity + sizeof(char);
     self->data = (char*)realloc(self->data, newcap);
     self->data[self->size] = c;
@@ -75,41 +73,57 @@ int str_push(String_t* self, char c) {
 
 int str_push_str(String_t* self, char* c) {
     if (self->size + strlen(c) >= self->capacity) {
-        self->capacity = ( self->size + strlen(c) ) * sizeof(char);
+        self->capacity = (self->size + strlen(c)) * sizeof(char);
         self->data = (char*)realloc(self->data, self->capacity);
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < strlen(c); i++) {
-            self->data[self->size + i] = c[i];
-        }
-        self->size = self->capacity;
     }
+    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(c); i++) {
+        self->data[self->size + i] = c[i];
+    }
+    self->size = self->capacity;
+    return 0;
 }
 
 String_t str_from_file(FILE* file) {
     if (file == NULL) {
         return str_new();
     }
-
     char buffer[64];
-
     String_t string = str_new();
-    
     while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), file) != NULL) {
         str_push_str(&string, buffer);
     }
-
     fclose(file);
-
     return string;
 }
 
+
+int str_to_file(String_t* self, FILE* file) {
+    char* data = to_chars(self);
+
+    if (fprintf(file, "%s\n", data) == -1) {
+        free(data);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    free(data);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+String_t str_clone(String_t* self) {
+    String_t clone;
+    clone.size = self->size;
+    clone.capacity = self->capacity;
+    clone.data = (char*)malloc(clone.capacity);
+    memcpy(clone.data, self->data, clone.capacity);
+    return clone;
+}
+
 char str_pop(String_t* self) {
     if (self->size == 0) {
         return '\0';
     }
     self->size--;
-    char c = self->data[self->size];
-    return c;
+    return self->data[self->size];
 }
 
 int str_insert(String_t* self, int index, char c) {
@@ -117,6 +131,10 @@ int str_insert(String_t* self, int index, char c) {
         return -1;
     }
     self->size++;
+    if (self->size > self->capacity) {
+        self->capacity = (self->size) * sizeof(char);
+        self->data = (char*)realloc(self->data, self->capacity);
+    }
     for (int i = self->size - 1; i > index; i--) {
         self->data[i] = self->data[i - 1];
     }
@@ -135,22 +153,16 @@ int str_remove(String_t* self, int index) {
     return 0;
 }
 
-/// splits a string into an array of strings based on a delimiter
 String_t* str_split(String_t* self, int* res_len, char c) {
-
     char* string = self->data;
-    String_t* elements = NULL;
-    
-    // find the number of lines in the file
-
     bool flag = false;
     *res_len = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < strlen(string); i++) {
+    
+    // Count number of splits
+    for (int i = 0; i < self->size; i++) {
         if (string[i] == c) {
-            // if (flag) { // this condition was here so that empty strings would be ignore
             (*res_len)++;
             flag = false;
-            // }
         } else {
             flag = true;
         }
@@ -159,20 +171,17 @@ String_t* str_split(String_t* self, int* res_len, char c) {
         (*res_len)++;
     }
 
-    // allocate memory for an array of pointers to each line
-    elements = (String_t*)malloc((*res_len) * sizeof(String_t));
-
+    String_t* elements = (String_t*)malloc((*res_len) * sizeof(String_t));
     int i = 0;
     flag = false;
     char* start = string;
     char* end = string;
+    char* string_end = string + self->size;
 
-    while (*end != '\0') {
+    while (end < string_end) {
         if (*end == c) {
-            // if (flag) {
             elements[i] = str_from_slice(start, end - start);
             i++;
-            // }
             end++;
             start = end;
             flag = false;
@@ -180,12 +189,10 @@ String_t* str_split(String_t* self, int* res_len, char c) {
             end++;
             flag = true;
         }
-    } if (flag) {
+    }
+    if (flag) {
         elements[i] = str_from_slice(start, end - start);
     }
-
-
-    // returns an array of String_t
     return elements;
 }
 
@@ -209,38 +216,32 @@ String_t* str_lines(String_t* self, int* numlines) {
 
 String_t str_slice(String_t* s, int start, int end) {
     String_t s2;
+    
+    if (start < 0) start = 0;
+    if (end > s->size) end = s->size;
+
+    // if the range is invalid, we return an empty string
+    if (start >= end || start >= s->size) {
+        s2.size = 0;
+        s2.capacity = 1;
+        s2.data = (char*)calloc(1, sizeof(char));
+        return s2;
+    }
+    
     s2.size = end - start;
     s2.capacity = s2.size;
+    
     s2.data = (char*)calloc(s2.size, sizeof(char));
+
+    // if the allocation fails we return a zero sized string
+    if (s2.data == NULL) {
+        s2.size = 0;
+        s2.capacity = 0;
+        return s2;
+    }
+    
     for (int i = 0; i < s2.size; i++) {
         s2.data[i] = s->data[start + i];
     }
     return s2;
 }
-
-int str_len(String_t* s) {
-    return s->size;
-}
-
-char* to_chars(String_t* s) {
-    return s->data;
-}
-
-// int main() {
-//     String_t s = str_from_chars("hello\nworld\neeeee\notherline\n");
-
-//     str_remove(&s, 10);
-//     str_insert(&s, 10, 'h');
-
-//     printf("%s\n", to_chars(&s));
-
-//     int linen = 0;
-//     String_t* lines = str_lines(&s, &linen);
-//     for (int i=0; i < linen; i++) {
-//         printf("%s", to_chars(&lines[i]));
-//     }
-    
-//     str_dealloc(&s);
-
-//     return 0;
-// }
diff --git a/final/dynstr.h b/final/dynstr.h
index 9734df5..ccd4e41 100644
--- a/final/dynstr.h
+++ b/final/dynstr.h
@@ -2,44 +2,191 @@
 #define DYNSTR_H
 #include <stdio.h>
 
-typedef struct {
-    int size;
-    int capacity;
+/** 
+ * Custom String type that stores an array of characters
+*/
+typedef struct String {
+    uint32_t size, capacity;
     char* data;
 } String_t;
 
+/**
+ * Creates a new string with the specified initial capacity.
+ * The string will be empty but can hold up to capacity characters
+ * without requiring reallocation.
+ * 
+ * @param capacity Initial capacity in bytes
+ * @return A new String_t structure with allocated memory
+ */
 String_t str_with_capacity(int capacity);
 
+/**
+ * Creates a new string from a null-terminated character array.
+ * 
+ * @param string Null-terminated source string
+ * @return A new String_t containing a copy of the input string
+ */
 String_t str_from_chars(char* string);
 
+/**
+ * Creates a new string from a character array slice.
+ * Allocates new memory and copies the specified number of characters.
+ * 
+ * @param string Source character array
+ * @param len Number of characters to copy
+ * @return A new String_t containing the copied characters
+ */
 String_t str_from_slice(char* string, int len);
 
+/**
+ * Merges two strings into a new string.
+ * The resulting string contains s1's contents followed by s2's contents.
+ * 
+ * @param s1 Pointer to the first String_t
+ * @param s2 Pointer to the second String_t
+ * @return A new String_t containing the merged contents
+ */
 String_t str_merge(String_t* s1, String_t* s2);
 
+/**
+ * Creates a new string by reading from a file.
+ * Reads the file line by line and concatenates all lines.
+ * 
+ * @param file Pointer to an open FILE
+ * @return A new String_t containing the file's contents
+ */
 String_t str_from_file(FILE* file);
 
-int str_push_str(String_t* string, char* other);
-
+/**
+ * Creates a new empty string with minimal capacity.
+ * 
+ * @return A new empty String_t with capacity of 1 byte
+ */
 String_t str_new();
 
-String_t* str_lines(String_t* self, int* numlines);
+/** 
+ * Returns a clone of the string.
+ * This allocates new memory that must be freed
+ * @param self Pointer to the String_t to clone
+*/
+String_t str_clone();
 
+/**
+ * Creates a new string containing a slice of an existing string.
+ * The slice includes characters from start index up to (but not including) end index.
+ * 
+ * @param s Pointer to the source String_t
+ * @param start Starting index (inclusive)
+ * @param end Ending index (exclusive)
+ * @return A new String_t containing the specified slice
+ */
 String_t str_slice(String_t* s, int start, int end);
 
-// String_t* str_split(String_t* self, int* res_len, char c);
+/**
+ * Splits a string into lines based on newline characters.
+ * Convenience wrapper around str_split that uses '\n' as delimiter.
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the String_t to split
+ * @param numlines Pointer to store the number of resulting lines
+ * @return Array of String_t structures, one per line
+ */
+String_t* str_lines(String_t* self, int* numlines);
 
-void str_push(String_t* s, char c);
+/**
+ * Splits a string into an array of strings based on a delimiter.
+ * Each occurrence of the delimiter creates a new string.
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the String_t to split
+ * @param res_len Pointer to store the number of resulting strings
+ * @param c Delimiter character
+ * @return Array of String_t structures, must be freed by caller
+ */
+String_t* str_split(String_t* self, int* res_len, char c);
 
+/**
+ * Removes and returns the last character in the string.
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the String_t to modify
+ * @return The removed character, or '\0' if string is empty
+ */
 char str_pop(String_t* s);
 
-void str_insert(String_t* s, int index, char c);
-
-void str_remove(String_t* s, int index);
-
-int str_dealloc(String_t* s);
-
+/**
+ * Returns a pointer to the underlying character array.
+ * Note: The returned pointer is still owned by the String_t structure.
+ * 
+ * @param s Pointer to the String_t structure
+ * @return Pointer to the null-terminated character array
+ */
 char* to_chars(String_t* s);
 
+/**
+ * Writes the string's contents to a file.
+ * Appends a newline character after writing the string.
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the String_t to write
+ * @param file Pointer to an open FILE
+ * @return 0 on success, -1 on failure
+ */
+int str_to_file(String_t* self, FILE* file);
+
+/**
+ * Appends a null-terminated string to the end of the string.
+ * Automatically reallocates if more capacity is needed.
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the String_t to modify
+ * @param c Null-terminated string to append
+ * @return 0 on success
+ */
+int str_push_str(String_t* string, char* other);
+
+/**
+ * Deallocates the memory used by a string.
+ * Must be called when the string is no longer needed to prevent memory leaks.
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the String_t to deallocate
+ * @return 0 on success
+ */
+int str_dealloc(String_t* s);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the current length of the string.
+ * 
+ * @param s Pointer to the String_t structure
+ * @return The number of characters in the string
+ */
 int str_len(String_t* s);
 
+/**
+ * Inserts a character at the specified index.
+ * Shifts existing characters right to make room.
+ * Automatically reallocates if more capacity is needed.
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the String_t to modify
+ * @param index Position to insert the character
+ * @param c Character to insert
+ * @return 0 on success, -1 if index is out of bounds
+ */
+void str_insert(String_t* s, int index, char c);
+
+/**
+ * Removes the character at the specified index.
+ * Shifts remaining characters left to fill the gap.
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the String_t to modify
+ * @param index Position of character to remove
+ * @return 0 on success, -1 if index is out of bounds
+ */
+void str_remove(String_t* s, int index);
+
+/**
+ * Appends a single character to the end of the string.
+ * Automatically reallocates if more capacity is needed.
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the String_t to modify
+ * @param c Character to append
+ * @return 0 on success
+ */
+void str_push(String_t* s, char c);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/final/editor.c b/final/editor.c
index 56b321d..4e02d74 100644
--- a/final/editor.c
+++ b/final/editor.c
@@ -3,8 +3,12 @@
 #include "dynstr.h"
 #include <ncurses.h>
 
+#define min(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
+#define max(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))
+
 typedef struct {
     uint32_t lines;
+    uint32_t capacity;
     uint32_t buffer_line;
     uint32_t buffer_col;
     uint32_t y_offset;
@@ -12,6 +16,8 @@ typedef struct {
     bool unsaved_changes;
     bool editmode;
     String_t* buffer;
+    String_t* original;
+    String_t filename;
 } Editor;
 
 void add_toolbar(Editor* self) {
@@ -22,7 +28,7 @@ void add_toolbar(Editor* self) {
 
     // add an entry for the current mode
     move(max_y - 1, 0);
-    char mode[8];
+    char mode[9];
     snprintf(mode, 9, "[%6s]", self->editmode ? "Insert" : "Normal");
     addstr(mode);
 
@@ -40,80 +46,94 @@ void add_toolbar(Editor* self) {
     attroff(COLOR_PAIR(1));
 }
 
-#define min(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
 
 void refresh_buffer(Editor* self) {
-
     move(0, 0);
-
     clear();
 
     // get the screen size so we can figure out where to place characters
     int max_x, max_y;
     getmaxyx(stdscr, max_y, max_x);
+    max_y--; // Reserve bottom line for toolbar
 
+    // Ensure y_offset is valid
+    if (self->buffer_line >= self->y_offset + max_y) {
+        self->y_offset = self->buffer_line - max_y + 1;
+    }
+    if (self->buffer_line < self->y_offset) {
+        self->y_offset = self->buffer_line;
+    }
+
+    // Display visible lines
     for (size_t i = self->y_offset; i < self->lines && i < self->y_offset + max_y; i++) {
+        move(i - self->y_offset, 0);
+        
         // adding the line number
-
         attron(COLOR_PAIR(1));
         char line_no[6];
-        snprintf(line_no, 6, "%-6d", i + 1);
+        snprintf(line_no, 6, "%-4d]", i + 1);
         addstr(line_no);
         attroff(COLOR_PAIR(1));
 
-        // refreshing the text for the line
-        String_t line_segment = str_slice(
-            &self->buffer[i],
-            self->x_offset,
-            min(str_len(&self->buffer[i]), self->x_offset + max_x - 5)
-        );
+        // Only try to display the line if it's within bounds
+        if (i < self->lines) {
+            // Calculate visible portion of line
+            int visible_start = self->x_offset;
+            int line_len = str_len(&self->buffer[i]);
+            int visible_end = min(line_len, self->x_offset + max_x - 5);
+            
+            if (visible_start < line_len) {
+                String_t line_segment = str_slice(
+                    &self->buffer[i],
+                    visible_start,
+                    visible_end
+                );
 
-        addstr(to_chars(&line_segment));
-        str_dealloc(&line_segment);
-        
-        addstr("\n");   
+                char* data = to_chars(&line_segment);
+
+                addstr(data);
+                str_dealloc(&line_segment);
+                free(data);
+            }
+        }
     }    
 
     add_toolbar(self);
 
-    move(self->buffer_line - self->y_offset, self->buffer_col + 5 - self->x_offset);
+    // Ensure cursor position is valid
+    int cursor_y = self->buffer_line - self->y_offset;
+    int cursor_x = self->buffer_col - self->x_offset + 5;
+    
+    // Clamp cursor position to screen bounds
+    cursor_y = min(max(cursor_y, 0), max_y - 1);
+    cursor_x = min(max(cursor_x, 5), max_x - 1);
+    
+    move(cursor_y, cursor_x);
 }
 
 void move_cursor_on_screen(Editor* editor, int x, int y) {
-    add_toolbar(editor);
-
-    int newx = x + 5; // account for the line number
-
     int max_x, max_y;
     getmaxyx(stdscr, max_y, max_x);
+    max_y--; // Reserve bottom line for toolbar
+    max_x -= 5; // Account for line number margin
 
-    bool flag = false;
-    
-    while (newx + 3 > max_x + editor->x_offset) {
-        editor->x_offset += 1;
-        flag = true;
+    // Adjust x_offset if cursor would be off screen
+    if (x + 5 >= max_x + editor->x_offset) {
+        editor->x_offset = x - max_x + 6;
+    }
+    if (x < editor->x_offset) {
+        editor->x_offset = x;
     }
 
-    while (newx - 3 < editor->x_offset) {
-        editor->x_offset -= 1;
-        flag = true;
+    // Adjust y_offset if cursor would be off screen
+    if (y >= max_y + editor->y_offset) {
+        editor->y_offset = y - max_y + 1;
+    }
+    if (y < editor->y_offset) {
+        editor->y_offset = y;
     }
 
-    while (y + 3 > max_y + editor->y_offset) {
-        editor->y_offset += 1;
-        flag = true;
-    }   
-
-    while (y - 3 < editor->y_offset) {
-        editor->y_offset -= 1;
-        flag = true;
-    }   
-
-    if (flag) {
-        refresh_buffer(editor);
-    }
-
-    move(y - editor->y_offset, newx - editor->x_offset);
+    refresh_buffer(editor);
 }
 
 void switch_mode(Editor* self) {
@@ -125,7 +145,6 @@ void newline(Editor* self) {
     move(self->buffer_line, 0);
     char line_no[6];
     snprintf(line_no, 6, "%-6d", self->buffer_line + 1);
-    fprintf(stderr, "ln: %d, col: %d", self->buffer_line, self->buffer_col);
 
     // add the line number
     attron(COLOR_PAIR(1));
@@ -134,7 +153,7 @@ void newline(Editor* self) {
     move_cursor_on_screen(self, self->buffer_col, self->buffer_line);
 }
 
-Editor editor_from(String_t input_string) {
+Editor editor_from(String_t input_string, String_t filename) {
     Editor e;
     e.lines = 0;
     e.buffer_line = 0;
@@ -143,24 +162,46 @@ Editor editor_from(String_t input_string) {
     e.x_offset = 0;
     e.editmode = false;
     e.unsaved_changes = false;
+    e.filename = filename;
 
     int linenum = 0;
     e.buffer = str_lines(&input_string, &linenum);
-    e.lines = (size_t)linenum;
+    e.lines = (uint32_t)linenum;
+    e.capacity = e.lines;
+
     str_dealloc(&input_string);
  
     refresh_buffer(&e);  
     return e;
 }
 
-Editor new_editor() {
-    return editor_from(str_new());
+Editor new_editor(String_t filename) {
+    return editor_from(str_new(), filename);
+}
+
+int save_file(Editor* self) {   
+    char* name = to_chars(&self->filename);
+
+    // writes the content line by line to the file
+    FILE* file = fopen(name, "w");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->lines; i++) {
+        if (str_to_file(&self->buffer[i], file) == -1) {
+
+            free(name);
+            fprintf(stderr, "Error writing to file\n");
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    free(name);
+    fclose(file);
+    return 0;
 }
 
 void move_cursor(Editor* self, int x, int y) {
     if (y != 0
         && (int)(self->buffer_line) + y >= 0
-        && self->buffer_line + y <= self->lines) 
+        && self->buffer_line + y < self->lines)  
     {
         // move the cursor up or down
         self->buffer_line += y;
@@ -174,17 +215,19 @@ void move_cursor(Editor* self, int x, int y) {
             self->buffer_line -= 1;
             self->buffer_col = str_len(&self->buffer[self->buffer_line]);
         }
-    } else if (self->buffer_col + x > str_len(&self->buffer[self->buffer_line])) {
-        // moving the cursor off the right hand side of the line
-        if (self->buffer_line < self->lines) {
-            self->buffer_col = 0;
-            self->buffer_line += 1;
+    } else if (x != 0 && self->buffer_line < self->lines) {  
+        int line_width = str_len(&self->buffer[self->buffer_line]);
+        if (self->buffer_col + x > line_width) {
+            // moving the cursor off the right hand side of the line
+            if (self->buffer_line + 1 < self->lines) {  
+                self->buffer_col = 0;
+                self->buffer_line += 1;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // moving the cursor left or right in any other case
+            self->buffer_col += x;
         }
-    } else if (x != 0) {
-        // moving the cursor left or right in any other case
-        self->buffer_col += x;
     }    
-    fprintf(stderr, "ln: %d, col: %d xoff: %d yoff: %d\n", self->buffer_line, self->buffer_col, self->x_offset, self->y_offset);
     move_cursor_on_screen(self, self->buffer_col, self->buffer_line);
 }
 
@@ -197,12 +240,22 @@ void delchar(Editor* self) {
             return;
         }
 
+        // obtain string objects that reference the old lines.
+        String_t old_curr_line = self->buffer[self->buffer_line];
+        String_t old_next_line = self->buffer[self->buffer_line + 1];
+
+        // assign the new line
         self->buffer[self->buffer_line] = str_merge(&self->buffer[self->buffer_line], &self->buffer[self->buffer_line + 1]);
 
+        // deallocate the memory for the old lines
+        str_dealloc(&old_curr_line);
+        str_dealloc(&old_next_line);
+
         for (size_t i = self->buffer_line + 2; i < self->lines; i++) {
             self->buffer[i - 1] = self->buffer[i];
         }
 
+        // replace the last line
         self->buffer[self->lines - 1] = str_new();
         self->lines--;
         refresh_buffer(self);
@@ -219,7 +272,11 @@ void pressed_enter(Editor* self) {
 
     // allocate memory immediately since we know a new line is being added
     self->lines++;
-    self->buffer = realloc(self->buffer, sizeof(String_t) * (self->lines));
+
+    while (self->lines > self->capacity) {
+        self->capacity++;
+    }
+    self->buffer = (String_t*)realloc(self->buffer, sizeof(String_t) * (self->capacity));
 
     if (self->buffer_line == self->lines -1) {
         // if at end of file add an empty line
@@ -230,6 +287,8 @@ void pressed_enter(Editor* self) {
             self->buffer[i] = self->buffer[i - 1];
         }
 
+        String_t old_line = self->buffer[self->buffer_line];
+
         self->buffer[self->buffer_line + 1] = str_slice(
             &self->buffer[self->buffer_line], 
             self->buffer_col,
@@ -241,6 +300,8 @@ void pressed_enter(Editor* self) {
             0,
             self->buffer_col
         );
+
+        str_dealloc(&old_line);
     }
     // refresh the screen with the new data
     refresh_buffer(self);
@@ -257,7 +318,12 @@ void addchar(Editor* self, char c) {
             
         // reallocate self->buffer to be 1 larger
         self->lines++;
-        self->buffer = realloc(self->buffer, sizeof(String_t) * (self->lines));
+
+        while (self->lines > self->capacity) {
+            self->capacity++;
+        }
+
+        self->buffer = (String_t*)realloc(self->buffer, sizeof(String_t) * (self->capacity));
 
         // allocate the memory space for the new line and add it to the buffer
         self->buffer[self->buffer_line] = str_new();
@@ -269,7 +335,14 @@ void addchar(Editor* self, char c) {
     move_cursor(self, 1, 0);
 }
 
+void shutdown_editor(Editor* self) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < self->capacity; i++) {
+        str_dealloc(&self->buffer[i]);
+    }
+    str_dealloc(&self->filename);
+    free(self->buffer);
+}
+
 String_t* to_string(Editor* self) {
 
 }
-
diff --git a/final/editor.h b/final/editor.h
index 66e3cda..24f1b6b 100644
--- a/final/editor.h
+++ b/final/editor.h
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 #include "dynstr.h"
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+/**
+ * maintains the state of a text editor, including the text buffer,
+ * cursor position, and various editor settings.
+ */
 typedef struct {
     uint32_t lines;
+    uint32_t capacity;
     uint32_t buffer_line;
     uint32_t buffer_col;
     uint32_t y_offset;
@@ -10,16 +15,84 @@ typedef struct {
     bool unsaved_changes;
     bool editmode;
     String_t* buffer;
+    String_t* original;
+    String_t filename;
 } Editor;
 
-Editor new_editor();
+/**
+ * Creates a new editor instance from a filename
+ * 
+ * @param filename The name of the file to open
+ * @return Editor A new editor instance initialized with the file's content
+ */
+Editor new_editor(String_t filename);
 
-Editor editor_from(String_t input_string);
+/**
+ * Creates a new editor instance from an input string
+ * 
+ * @param input_string initial editor content
+ * @param filename name of the file being edited
+ * @return an instance of the editor
+ */
+Editor editor_from(String_t input_string, String_t filename);
 
+/**
+ * Moves the cursor in the editor (relative to it's current position)
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the editor instance
+ * @param x Horizontal movement (negative for left, positive for right)
+ * @param y Vertical movement (negative for up, positive for down)
+ */
 void move_cursor(Editor* self, int x, int y);
+
+/**
+ * Deletes the character before the cursor
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the editor instance
+ */
 void delchar(Editor* self);
+
+/**
+ * Adds a character at the cursor position
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the editor instance
+ * @param c The character to add
+ */
 void addchar(Editor* self, char c);
+
+/**
+ * Handles the enter key press, creating a new line
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the editor instance
+ */
 void pressed_enter(Editor* self);
+
+/**
+ * Toggles between edit and command mode
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the editor instance
+ */
 void switch_mode(Editor* self);
 
+/**
+ * Cleans up and frees resources used by the editor
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the editor instance
+ */
+void shutdown_editor(Editor* self);
+
+/**
+ * Saves the current buffer content to the file
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the editor instance
+ * @return int Returns 0 on success, non-zero on failure
+ */
+int save_file(Editor* self);
+
+/**
+ * Converts the editor's buffer content to a String_t type
+ * 
+ * @param self Pointer to the editor instance
+ * @return String_t* Pointer to a string containing the buffer content
+ */
 String_t* to_string(Editor* self);
diff --git a/final/log.txt b/final/log.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index b0c1c15..0000000
--- a/final/log.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,630 +0,0 @@
-starting editor openiing file somecode.cln: 1, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 2, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 3, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 4, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 5, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 6, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 7, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 8, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 9, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 10, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 11, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 12, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 13, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 14, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 15, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 16, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 17, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 18, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 19, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 20, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 21, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 22, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 23, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 24, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 25, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 26, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 27, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 28, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 29, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 30, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 31, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 32, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 33, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 34, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 35, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 36, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 37, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 38, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 39, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 40, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 41, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 42, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 43, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 44, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 45, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 46, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 47, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 48, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 49, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 50, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 51, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 52, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 53, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 54, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 55, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 56, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 57, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 58, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 59, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 60, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 61, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 62, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 0
-ln: 63, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 1
-ln: 64, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 2
-ln: 65, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 3
-ln: 66, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 4
-ln: 67, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 5
-ln: 68, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 6
-ln: 69, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 7
-ln: 70, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 8
-ln: 71, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 9
-ln: 72, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 10
-ln: 73, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 11
-ln: 74, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 12
-ln: 75, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 13
-ln: 76, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 14
-ln: 77, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 15
-ln: 78, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 16
-ln: 79, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 17
-ln: 80, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 18
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-ln: 83, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 21
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-ln: 203, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 141
-ln: 204, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 142
-ln: 205, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 143
-ln: 206, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 144
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-ln: 209, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 147
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-ln: 211, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 149
-ln: 212, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 150
-ln: 213, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 151
-ln: 213, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 152
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-ln: 208, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 152
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-ln: 151, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 149
-ln: 150, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 148
-ln: 149, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 147
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-ln: 146, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 144
-ln: 145, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 143
-ln: 144, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 142
-ln: 143, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 141
-ln: 142, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 140
-ln: 141, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 139
-ln: 140, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 138
-ln: 139, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 137
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-ln: 121, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 119
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-ln: 118, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 116
-ln: 117, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 115
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-ln: 90, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 88
-ln: 89, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 87
-ln: 88, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 86
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-ln: 82, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 80
-ln: 81, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 79
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-ln: 79, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 77
-ln: 78, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 76
-ln: 77, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 75
-ln: 76, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 74
-ln: 75, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 73
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-ln: 73, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 71
-ln: 72, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 70
-ln: 71, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 69
-ln: 70, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 68
-ln: 69, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 67
-ln: 68, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 66
-ln: 67, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 65
-ln: 66, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 64
-ln: 65, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 63
-ln: 64, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 62
-ln: 63, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 61
-ln: 62, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 60
-ln: 61, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 59
-ln: 60, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 58
-ln: 59, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 57
-ln: 58, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 56
-ln: 57, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 55
-ln: 56, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 54
-ln: 55, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 53
-ln: 54, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 52
-ln: 53, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 51
-ln: 52, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 50
-ln: 51, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 49
-ln: 50, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 48
-ln: 49, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 47
-ln: 48, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 46
-ln: 47, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 45
-ln: 46, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 44
-ln: 45, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 43
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-ln: 41, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 39
-ln: 40, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 38
-ln: 39, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 37
-ln: 38, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 36
-ln: 37, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 35
-ln: 36, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 34
-ln: 35, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 33
-ln: 34, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 32
-ln: 33, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 31
-ln: 32, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 30
-ln: 31, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 29
-ln: 30, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 28
-ln: 29, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 27
-ln: 28, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 26
-ln: 27, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 25
-ln: 26, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 24
-ln: 25, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 23
-ln: 24, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 22
-ln: 23, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 21
-ln: 22, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 20
-ln: 21, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 19
-ln: 20, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 18
-ln: 19, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 17
-ln: 18, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 16
-ln: 17, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 15
-ln: 16, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 14
-ln: 15, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 13
-ln: 14, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 12
-ln: 13, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 11
-ln: 12, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 10
-ln: 11, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 9
-ln: 10, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 8
-ln: 9, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 7
-ln: 8, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 6
-ln: 7, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 5
-ln: 6, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 4
-ln: 5, col: 0 xoff: 0 yoff: 3
-
diff --git a/final/main.c b/final/main.c
index 23ddd35..e3760f5 100644
--- a/final/main.c
+++ b/final/main.c
@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@
 
 void help() {
     printf("Usage:\n");
-    printf("    cmd open <path/to/file> // opens the specified file\n");
-    printf("    cmd rm <path/to/file> // deletes the specified file\n");
-    printf("    cmd new <path/to/file> // creates a new empty file at the specified path\n");
-    printf("    cmd mv <path/to/file> <new/path> // moves the specified file to the new path\n");
-    printf("    cmd cp <path/to/file> <new/path> // copies the specified file to the new path\n");
-    printf("    cmd len <path/to/file> // returns the length of the specified file\n");
+    printf("    cmd open <file/path> // opens the specified file\n");
+    printf("    cmd rm <file/path> // deletes the specified file\n");
+    printf("    cmd new <file/path> // creates a new empty file at the specified path\n");
+    printf("    cmd mv <old/path> <new/path> // moves the specified file to the new path\n");
+    printf("    cmd cp <old/path> <new/path> // copies the specified file to the new path\n");
+    printf("    cmd lenl <file/path> // returns the length of the specified file in lines\n");
+    printf("    cmd lenc <file/path> // returns the length of the specified file in chars\n");
     printf("    cmd log // prints a list of all changes made to the file\n");
 }
 
@@ -33,9 +34,9 @@ int open_editor(char* filename) {
 
     Editor editor;
     if (strcmp(filename, "") == 0) {
-        editor = new_editor();    
+        editor = new_editor(str_from_chars(filename));    
     } else {
-        editor = editor_from(str_from_file(fopen(filename, "r")));
+        editor = editor_from(str_from_file(fopen(filename, "r")), str_from_chars(filename));
     }
     while (true) {
         refresh();
@@ -68,7 +69,6 @@ int open_editor(char* filename) {
                     move_cursor(&editor, 1, 0);
                     break;
                 default:
-                    fprintf(stderr, "%d\n", c);
                     addchar(&editor, c);
                     break;
             }
@@ -76,12 +76,15 @@ int open_editor(char* filename) {
             switch (c) {
                 case 'q':
                     endwin();
+                    shutdown_editor(&editor);
+
                     return 0;
                 case 'i':
                     switch_mode(&editor);
                     break;
                 case 'w':
                     editor.unsaved_changes = false;
+                    save_file(&editor);
                     // TODO: write function to save the data to a file
                     break;
                 default:
@@ -91,16 +94,161 @@ int open_editor(char* filename) {
     }
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
-    if (argc == 1) {
-        Editor e = new_editor();
-        open_editor("");
-    } else if (argc == 3) {
-        if (strcmp(argv[1], "open") == 0) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "starting editor openiing file %s", argv[2]);
-            open_editor(argv[2]);     
-        }    
+// Copies a file from source to destination
+int copy_file(const char* source, const char* dest) {
+    FILE* src = fopen(source, "rb");
+    if (src == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Could not open source file %s\n", source);
+        return -1;
     }
+
+    FILE* dst = fopen(dest, "wb");
+    if (dst == NULL) {
+        fclose(src);
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Could not create destination file %s\n", dest);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    char buffer[8192];
+    size_t bytes;
+    while ((bytes = fread(buffer, 1, sizeof(buffer), src)) > 0) {
+        if (fwrite(buffer, 1, bytes, dst) != bytes) {
+            fclose(src);
+            fclose(dst);
+            fprintf(stderr, "Error: Write failed to %s\n", dest);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fclose(src);
+    fclose(dst);
     return 0;
 }
 
+// Counts the number of characters in a file
+int count_chars(const char* filename) {
+    FILE* file = fopen(filename, "r");
+    if (file == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Could not open file %s\n", filename);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int count = 0;
+    int ch;
+    while ((ch = fgetc(file)) != EOF) {
+        count++;
+    }
+
+    fclose(file);
+    return count;
+}
+
+// Counts the number of lines in a file
+int count_lines(const char* filename) {
+    FILE* file = fopen(filename, "r");
+    if (file == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Could not open file %s\n", filename);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int count = 0;
+    int ch;
+    int last_char = '\n';  // Handle empty files as 0 lines
+
+    while ((ch = fgetc(file)) != EOF) {
+        if (ch == '\n') {
+            count++;
+        }
+        last_char = ch;
+    }
+
+    // Count last line if it doesn't end with newline
+    if (last_char != '\n' && last_char != EOF) {
+        count++;
+    }
+
+    fclose(file);
+    return count;
+}
+
+// Command types
+typedef enum {
+    CMD_OPEN,
+    CMD_RM,
+    CMD_NEW,
+    CMD_MV,
+    CMD_CP,
+    CMD_LENL,
+    CMD_LENC,
+    CMD_LOG,
+    CMD_UNKNOWN
+} CommandType;
+
+// Convert string to command type
+CommandType str_to_cmd(const char* cmd) {
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "open") == 0) return CMD_OPEN;
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "rm") == 0) return CMD_RM;
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "new") == 0) return CMD_NEW;
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "mv") == 0) return CMD_MV;
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "cp") == 0) return CMD_CP;
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "lenl") == 0) return CMD_LENL;
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "lenc") == 0) return CMD_LENC;
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "log") == 0) return CMD_LOG;
+    return CMD_UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+
+    if (argc < 2) {
+        help();
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    CommandType cmd = str_to_cmd(argv[1]);
+
+    if (argc == 3) {
+        switch (cmd) {
+            case CMD_OPEN:
+                open_editor(argv[2]);
+                break;
+            case CMD_RM:
+                remove(argv[2]);
+                break;
+            case CMD_NEW:
+                open_editor(argv[2]);
+                break;
+            case CMD_LENC:
+                printf("%d\n", count_chars(argv[2]));
+                break;
+            case CMD_LENL:
+                printf("%d\n", count_lines(argv[2]));
+                break;
+            default:
+                help();
+        }
+    } 
+    
+    else if (argc == 4) {
+        switch (cmd) {
+            case CMD_MV:    
+                if (rename(argv[2], argv[3]) != 0) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "Error: Failed to move file %s to %s\n", argv[2], argv[3]);
+                }
+                break;
+            case CMD_CP:
+                if (copy_file(argv[2], argv[3]) != 0) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "Error: Failed to copy file %s to %s\n", argv[2], argv[3]);
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                help();
+        }
+    } 
+    
+    else {
+        printf("invalid options\n");
+        help();
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}