- provides structs and functions for input and output provided features: ```rust print() // prints a formatted string to the screen println!() // print with a newline appended print_log!() // prints a formatted log string in yellow println_log!() // print_log with newline appended printerr!() // prints formatted error in yellow with appended newline, this is called when the OS panics. impl Screen { pub fn terminal_mode(); // changes the display mode of the kernel to terminal mode, meaning text can be inputted line by line as commands. pub fn application_mode(); // changes the display mode of the kernel to application mode, meaning applications are responsible for generating their own frames and rendering them. pub fn switch(); // toggles the current display mode pub fn clear(); // clears the screen } impl Stdin { pub async fn readline() -> String; // reads a line of input in terminal mode pub async fn keystroke() -> char; // waits for the user to enter a keystroke pub fn try_keystroke() -> Option; // immediately returns a keystroke if an unread one has been received by the kernel } ```