changed some calculator stuff idk

idk

.obsidian/workspace.json

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
             "state": {
               "type": "markdown",
               "state": {
-                "file": "docs/crystal-api.md",
+                "file": "docs/standard library docs/random.rs.md",
                 "mode": "source",
                 "source": false
               }
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
             "state": {
               "type": "backlink",
               "state": {
-                "file": "docs/crystal-api.md",
+                "file": "docs/standard library docs/random.rs.md",
                 "collapseAll": false,
                 "extraContext": false,
                 "sortOrder": "alphabetical",
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
             "state": {
               "type": "outgoing-link",
               "state": {
-                "file": "docs/crystal-api.md",
+                "file": "docs/standard library docs/random.rs.md",
                 "linksCollapsed": false,
                 "unlinkedCollapsed": true
               }
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
             "state": {
               "type": "outline",
               "state": {
-                "file": "docs/crystal-api.md"
+                "file": "docs/standard library docs/random.rs.md"
               }
             }
           }
@@ -148,19 +148,23 @@
   },
   "active": "66a91bbf10023e7b",
   "lastOpenFiles": [
-    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/bootimage-CrystalOS.bin.temp-stream-669ebd",
-    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/bootimage-CrystalOS.bin.temp-stream-9e0e9c",
-    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/bootimage-CrystalOS.bin.temp-stream-d5e1e2",
-    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-2s2eto1gmy107/s-gpa8tfuu7j-zjn7o7-au49h4b9abxljhlinnweh4wh/zypku2ljqkwe2t9.o",
-    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-2s2eto1gmy107/s-gpa8tfuu7j-zjn7o7-au49h4b9abxljhlinnweh4wh/x6aoth2ydi59hrm.o",
-    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-2s2eto1gmy107/s-gpa8tfuu7j-zjn7o7-au49h4b9abxljhlinnweh4wh/work-products.bin",
-    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-2s2eto1gmy107/s-gpa8tfuu7j-zjn7o7-au49h4b9abxljhlinnweh4wh/wl6c5klbro0lehu.o",
-    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-2s2eto1gmy107/s-gpa8tfuu7j-zjn7o7-au49h4b9abxljhlinnweh4wh/vrj0gel9n5vxmd1.o",
-    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-2s2eto1gmy107/s-gpa8tfuu7j-zjn7o7-au49h4b9abxljhlinnweh4wh/uoqvrm3l2w095ln.o",
-    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-2s2eto1gmy107/s-gpa8tfuu7j-zjn7o7-au49h4b9abxljhlinnweh4wh/uhkf8uzx25q6zkn.o",
-    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-2s2eto1gmy107/s-gpa8tfuu7j-zjn7o7-au49h4b9abxljhlinnweh4wh/query-cache.bin",
+    "src/system/std/random.rs~",
+    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-3u2m7vf43mho9/s-gpbbzwrvu5-1u8ini4-working/dep-graph.part.bin",
+    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-3u2m7vf43mho9/s-gpbbzwrvu5-1u8ini4-working/zul1rjeojuld5ix.o",
+    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-3u2m7vf43mho9/s-gpbbzwrvu5-1u8ini4-working/zfnrqaw0f711j75.o",
+    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-3u2m7vf43mho9/s-gpbbzwrvu5-1u8ini4-working/zbpiidqfbcoo2ic.o",
+    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-3u2m7vf43mho9/s-gpbbzwrvu5-1u8ini4-working/ybbue6yegr9wklq.o",
+    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-3u2m7vf43mho9/s-gpbbzwrvu5-1u8ini4-working/y5gexnutwichxn7.o",
+    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-3u2m7vf43mho9/s-gpbbzwrvu5-1u8ini4-working/xt0etcnzycl3z0h.o",
+    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-3u2m7vf43mho9/s-gpbbzwrvu5-1u8ini4-working/xaip1tz6tun888.o",
+    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-3u2m7vf43mho9/s-gpbbzwrvu5-1u8ini4-working/wv8eny5rk6dji78.o",
+    "target/x86_64-CrystalOS/debug/incremental/CrystalOS-3u2m7vf43mho9/s-gpbbzwrvu5-1u8ini4-working/work-products.bin",
+    "docs/standard library docs/application.rs.md",
+    "docs/standard library docs/random.rs.md",
+    "docs/standard library docs/io.rs.md",
     "docs/main.md",
-    "README.md",
-    "docs/crystal-api.md"
+    "docs/crystal-api.md",
+    "docs/Untitled.md",
+    "README.md"
   ]
 }

docs/standard library docs/application.rs.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+- provides a simple trait to standardise the way applications are called and run from the shell or other applications. 
+
+```rust
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+// all applications should implment this trait and be started by using simlar to:
+let res = ImplementsApplication.run(args).await?;
+
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait Application {
+	fn new -> Self;
+
+	async fn run(&mut self, _: Vec<String>) -> Result<(), Error>;
+}
+```
+## important: 
+- the async_trait crate must be in scope in the file or else an error about trait bounds will be displayed at compile time. 
+

docs/standard library docs/io.rs.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+- provides structs and functions for input and output
+
+provided features:
+
+```rust
+print()        // prints a formatted string to the screen
+println!()     // print with a newline appended
+
+print_log!()   // prints a formatted log string in yellow
+println_log!() // print_log with newline appended
+
+printerr!()    // prints formatted error in yellow with appended newline, this is called when the OS panics.
+
+impl Screen {
+	pub fn terminal_mode();    // changes the display mode of the kernel to terminal mode, meaning text can be inputted line by line as commands.
+	pub fn application_mode(); // changes the display mode of the kernel to application mode, meaning applications are responsible for generating their own frames and rendering them.
+	pub fn switch();           // toggles the current display mode
+	pub fn clear();            // clears the screen
+}
+
+impl Stdin {
+	pub async fn readline() -> String;      // reads a line of input in terminal mode
+	pub async fn keystroke() -> char;       // waits for the user to enter a keystroke
+	pub fn try_keystroke() -> Option<char>; // immediately returns a keystroke if an unread one has been received by the kernel
+}
+```

docs/standard library docs/random.rs.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+```rust
+impl Random {
+	pub fn int(lower: usize, upper: usize) -> usize;    // returns random number in range
+	pub fn selection<T: Clone>(ls: &Vec<T>)
+}
+```

src/system/std/random.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-
 use alloc::{string::{String, ToString}, vec::Vec};
+use core::ops::Index;
 use rand::{Rng, SeedableRng, rngs::SmallRng, RngCore};
 use spin::Mutex;
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
@@ -30,8 +30,9 @@ impl Random {
         }
 
     }
-    pub fn selection<T: Clone>(ls: &Vec<T>) -> &T {
-        let range = Random::int(0, ls.len() - 1);
+
+    pub fn selection<T>(ls: &Vec<T>) -> &T {
+        let range = Random::int(0, ls.iter().len() - 1);
         &ls[range as usize]
     }
 }

src/user/bin/calc/calc.rs

@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ impl Application for Calculator {
 				if inp == String::from("exit\n") {
 					return Ok(());
 				}
-				match calculate_inner(inp) {
+				match self.calculate_and_format(inp) {
 			        Ok(_) => (),
 			        Err(e) => {
                         println!("your input must be a valid mathematical expression contaning only numbers (including floats) and the operators: [ +, -, *, **, /, //, % ]");
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ impl Application for Calculator {
 		    	};
 			}
 		} else {
-		    match calculate_inner(args.into_iter().collect()) {
+		    match self.calculate_and_format(args.into_iter().collect()) {
 		        Ok(x) => x,
 		        Err(e) => {
                     println!("your input must be a valid mathematical expression contaning only numbers (including floats) and the operators: [ +, -, *, **, /, //, % ]");
@@ -410,40 +410,22 @@ impl Application for Calculator {
 	}
 }
 
-pub fn calc_outer(mut equation: String) -> Result<f64, String> {
-    calculate_inner2(equation).map_err(|_| String::from("failed to calculate"))
-}
-
-fn calculate_inner(mut equation: String) -> Result<f64, Error> {
-	equation.push('\n');
-	let mut neweq = equation.clone();
-	neweq.pop();
-
-    let tokens = tokenise(&equation)?;
-    let mut parser = Parser::new(tokens)?;
-    let ast = parser.parse()?;
-    let mut interpreter = Interpreter::new()?;
-    let result = interpreter.visit(ast)?;
-	let return_res = if let Value::Number(x) = result {
-        x
-	} else { panic!("the value returned was not a float! THIS IS A BUG") };
+impl Calculator {
+    pub fn calculate(&self, equation: String) -> Result<f64, String> {
+        self.calculate_inner(equation).map_err(|_| String::from("failed to calculate"))
+    }
 
+    pub fn calculate_and_format(&self, equation: String) -> Result<f64, String> {
+        let res = self.calculate_inner(equation.clone()).map_err(|_| String::from("failed to calculate"))?;
         println!("
-
-    [ EXPRESSION ]
-
+  Calculating...
     {}
+  Result:
+    {}", equation, res);
+        Ok(res)
+    }
 
-    [ RESULT ]
-
-    {}
-
-    ", neweq, return_res);
-
-    Ok(return_res)
-}
-fn calculate_inner2(mut equation: String) -> Result<f64, Error> {
-
+    fn calculate_inner(&self, mut equation: String) -> Result<f64, Error> {
         equation.push('\n');
         let mut neweq = equation.clone();
         neweq.pop();
@@ -458,10 +440,9 @@ fn calculate_inner2(mut equation: String) -> Result<f64, Error> {
         } else { panic!("the value returned was not a float! THIS IS A BUG") };
 
         Ok(return_res)
+    }
 }
 
-
-
 fn tokenise(equation: &str) -> Result<Vec<Token>, Error> {
     let mut tokens = Vec::new();
     let mut current_num = "".to_string();

src/user/bin/grapher.rs

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ impl Application for Grapher {
         let mut equation: String = args.into_iter().collect();
         use super::calc;
 
+        let cal = calc::Calculator::new();
+
         for x in -4000..4000 {
             let x = x as f64 / 100.0;
 
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ impl Application for Grapher {
                 if c == 'x' { format!("({})", x) } else { c.to_string() }
             }).collect::<String>();
 
-            let fx = calc::calc_outer(new_eq).map_err(|_| Error::ApplicationError(String::from("failed to calculate")));
+            let fx = cal.calculate(new_eq).map_err(|_| Error::ApplicationError(String::from("failed to calculate")));
 
             if let Ok(y) = fx {
                 self.render_point(PointF64 {
@@ -54,7 +56,6 @@ impl Application for Grapher {
                     y,
                 })
             }
-
         };
 
         Screen::application_mode();

src/user/bin/shell.rs

@@ -3,11 +3,7 @@ use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use spin::Mutex;
 use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;
 
-use alloc::{
-    boxed::Box,
-    string::{String, ToString},
-    vec::Vec,
-};
+use alloc::{boxed::Box, string::{String, ToString}, vec, vec::Vec};
 use vga::writers::{GraphicsWriter, PrimitiveDrawing};
 
 use crate::{
@@ -16,6 +12,7 @@ use crate::{
     user::bin::*,
 };
 use crate::std::io::{Color, write, Screen};
+use crate::std::random::Random;
 use crate::user::bin::gigachad_detector::GigachadDetector;
 use crate::user::bin::grapher::Grapher;
 
@@ -117,6 +114,14 @@ async fn exec() -> Result<(), Error> {
             let mut grapher = Grapher::new();
             grapher.run(args).await?;
         }
+        "snake" => {
+            let mut game = snake::Game::new();
+            game.run(Vec::new()).await;
+        }
+        "gigachad?" => {
+            let mut gigachad_detector = GigachadDetector::new();
+            gigachad_detector.run(args).await?;
+        }
 
         // direct OS functions (not applications)
         "echo" => {
@@ -130,7 +135,6 @@ async fn exec() -> Result<(), Error> {
                     .collect::<String>()
             )
         }
-
         "clear" => {
             Screen::clear();
             // not sure why this code was here but leaving it in case weird bugs happen so i remember to add it back if so
@@ -145,14 +149,6 @@ async fn exec() -> Result<(), Error> {
         "switch" => {
             Screen::switch();
         }
-        "snake" => {
-            let mut game = snake::Game::new();
-            game.run(Vec::new()).await;
-        }
-        "gigachad?" => {
-            let mut gigachad_detector = GigachadDetector::new();
-            gigachad_detector.run(args).await?;
-        }
         "time" => {
             use crate::std::time::timer;
             timer();