Merge pull request 'dev' (#4) from dev into main

Reviewed-on: OsDev/FoundryOS#4

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ target = "x86_64-kernel"
 target-dir = "build/target"
 
 [unstable]
-build-std = ["core", "compiler_builtins"]
+build-std = ["core", "compiler_builtins", "alloc"]
 build-std-features = ["compiler-builtins-mem"]
 
 [env]

.gitea/workflows/rust.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull-request:
+    branches: [ main ]
 
 name: Continuous integration
 

.gitmodules

@@ -10,3 +10,6 @@
 [submodule "lib/lib_serial"]
 	path = lib/lib_serial
 	url = https://git.zxq5.dev/OsDev/FoundryOS-lib_serial.git
+[submodule "lib/lib_alloc"]
+	path = lib/lib_alloc
+	url = https://git.zxq5.dev/OsDev/FoundryOS-lib_alloc.git

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "rust-analyzer.cargo.allTargets": false,
+    "rust-analyzer.cargo.target": "x86_64-kernel",
+    "[rust]": {
+        "editor.defaultFormatter": "rust-lang.rust-analyzer",
+        "editor.formatOnSave": true
+    }
+}
+

Cargo.lock

@@ -2,19 +2,6 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 4
 
-[[package]]
-name = "FoundryOS"
-version = "0.1.0"
-dependencies = [
- "cc",
- "lib_ascii",
- "lib_framebuffer",
- "lib_serial",
- "limine",
- "spin",
- "x86_64",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
 version = "1.4.0"
@@ -42,6 +29,22 @@ dependencies = [
  "shlex",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "foundry_os"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "lib_alloc",
+ "lib_ascii",
+ "lib_framebuffer",
+ "lib_serial",
+ "limine",
+ "pc-keyboard",
+ "pic8259",
+ "spin",
+ "x86_64",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy_static"
 version = "1.5.0"
@@ -51,6 +54,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "spin",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "lib_alloc"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "linked_list_allocator",
+ "x86_64",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lib_application"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -94,6 +105,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "linked_list_allocator"
+version = "0.10.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9afa463f5405ee81cdb9cc2baf37e08ec7e4c8209442b5d72c04cfb2cd6e6286"
+dependencies = [
+ "spinning_top",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lock_api"
 version = "0.4.12"
@@ -104,6 +124,21 @@ dependencies = [
  "scopeguard",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pc-keyboard"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f0ca629cbb3f0d5b699c338f0129ff78c9bfd7ea8b1258ad529bff490dc8ed5a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "pic8259"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "62d9a86c292b165f757e47e7fd66855def189b2564609bc4203727b27c33db22"
+dependencies = [
+ "x86_64",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustversion"
 version = "1.0.19"
@@ -131,6 +166,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "lock_api",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "spinning_top"
+version = "0.2.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5b9eb1a2f4c41445a3a0ff9abc5221c5fcd28e1f13cd7c0397706f9ac938ddb0"
+dependencies = [
+ "lock_api",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "volatile"
 version = "0.4.6"

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 [workspace]
-members = [ 
+members = [
     "lib/lib_framebuffer",
     "lib/lib_serial",
     "lib/lib_ascii",
-    "kernel"
+    "kernel",
-, "lib/lib_application"]
+    "lib/lib_application", 
+    "lib/lib_alloc",
+]
 resolver = "2"
 
 [workspace.package]
@@ -21,11 +23,10 @@ incremental = false
 codegen-units = 1
 
 [profile.release]
-opt-level = "z"
+opt-level = 3
 debug = false
 debug-assertions = false
 overflow-checks = false
 lto = true
 incremental = false
 codegen-units = 1
-

README.md

@@ -1,2 +1,22 @@
 # FoundryOS
 
+## Cloning and building
+
+Here are some simple steps to get started:
+
+```sh
+# If you have not yet cloned the repo:
+git clone --recurse-submodules https://git.zxq5.dev/OsDev/FoundryOS.git
+# If you already cloned the repo:
+git submodule update --init --recursive
+
+cargo build
+# This will build the binaries if required - no need to call cargo build.
+cargo run
+```
+
+### Build dependencies
+
+* jq: checks whether the app is to be run in debugging mode.
+* libisoburn: creates ISO images to be booted from.
+* qemu: to run the kernel.

kernel/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [package]
-name = "FoundryOS"
+name = "foundry_os"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2021"
 
@@ -8,8 +8,11 @@ limine = "0.3.1"
 lib_framebuffer = { path = "../lib/lib_framebuffer" }
 lib_serial = { path = "../lib/lib_serial" }
 lib_ascii = { path = "../lib/lib_ascii" }
+lib_alloc = { path = "../lib/lib_alloc" }
 x86_64 = "0.15.2"
 spin = "0.9.8"
+pic8259 = "0.11.0"
+pc-keyboard = "0.8.0"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 cc = "1.2.14"

kernel/build.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
+use cc;
 use std::process::Command;
 use std::{env, path::Path};
-use cc;
 
 fn main() {
     // Tell cargo to rerun if these files change
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=src");
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=linker.ld");
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=../config/limine.conf");
-}
+}

kernel/src/arch/mod.rs

@@ -1 +1 @@
-pub mod x86_64;
+pub mod x86_64;

kernel/src/arch/x86_64/gdt.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+use x86_64::{
+    instructions::tables::load_tss,
+    registers::segmentation::{Segment, CS, DS, ES, SS},
+    structures::{
+        gdt::{Descriptor, GlobalDescriptorTable, SegmentSelector},
+        tss::TaskStateSegment,
+    },
+    VirtAddr,
+};
+
+use spin::Lazy;
+
+pub const DOUBLE_FAULT_1ST_INDEX: u16 = 0;
+
+static TSS: Lazy<TaskStateSegment> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    let mut tss = TaskStateSegment::new();
+    tss.interrupt_stack_table[DOUBLE_FAULT_1ST_INDEX as usize] = {
+        const STACK_SIZE: usize = 4096 * 8;
+        static mut STACK: [u8; STACK_SIZE] = [0; STACK_SIZE];
+
+        let stack_start = VirtAddr::from_ptr(&raw const STACK);
+        let stack_end = stack_start + STACK_SIZE.try_into().unwrap();
+        stack_end
+    };
+    tss
+});
+
+static GDT: Lazy<(GlobalDescriptorTable, Selectors)> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    let mut gdt = GlobalDescriptorTable::new();
+    let code_selector = gdt.append(Descriptor::kernel_code_segment());
+    let data_selector = gdt.append(Descriptor::kernel_data_segment());
+
+    let user_code_selector = gdt.append(Descriptor::user_code_segment());
+    let user_data_selector = gdt.append(Descriptor::user_data_segment());
+
+    let tss_selector = gdt.append(Descriptor::tss_segment(&TSS));
+
+    (
+        gdt,
+        Selectors {
+            code_selector,
+            data_selector,
+            user_code_selector,
+            user_data_selector,
+            tss_selector,
+        },
+    )
+});
+
+struct Selectors {
+    code_selector: SegmentSelector,
+    data_selector: SegmentSelector,
+    user_code_selector: SegmentSelector,
+    user_data_selector: SegmentSelector,
+    tss_selector: SegmentSelector,
+}
+
+pub fn init() {
+    GDT.0.load();
+
+    unsafe {
+        CS::set_reg(GDT.1.code_selector);
+        load_tss(GDT.1.tss_selector);
+
+        DS::set_reg(self::GDT.1.data_selector);
+        ES::set_reg(self::GDT.1.data_selector);
+        SS::set_reg(self::GDT.1.data_selector);
+    }
+}

kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,132 @@
-use lib_ascii::println_log;
+use lib_ascii::{print, println_log};
-use x86_64::structures::idt::{InterruptDescriptorTable, InterruptStackFrame};
+use lib_serial::serial_println;
+use x86_64::instructions::port::Port;
+use x86_64::registers::control::Cr2;
+use x86_64::structures::idt::{InterruptDescriptorTable, InterruptStackFrame, PageFaultErrorCode};
 
-use spin::Lazy;
+use pic8259::ChainedPics;
+use spin::{Lazy, Mutex};
+
+use super::gdt;
 
 static IDT: Lazy<InterruptDescriptorTable> = Lazy::new(|| {
     let mut idt = InterruptDescriptorTable::new();
     idt.breakpoint.set_handler_fn(breakpoint_handler);
+
+    unsafe {
+        idt.double_fault
+            .set_handler_fn(double_fault_handler)
+            .set_stack_index(gdt::DOUBLE_FAULT_1ST_INDEX);
+    }
+
+    idt.general_protection_fault
+        .set_handler_fn(general_protection_fault_handler);
+    idt.page_fault.set_handler_fn(page_fault_handler);
+
+    idt[InterruptIndex::Timer.as_u8()].set_handler_fn(timer_interrupt_handler);
+    idt[InterruptIndex::Keyboard.as_u8()].set_handler_fn(keyboard_interrupt_handler);
     idt
 });
 
+pub const PIC_1_OFFSET: u8 = 32;
+pub const PIC_2_OFFSET: u8 = PIC_1_OFFSET + 8;
+
+pub static PICS: Mutex<ChainedPics> =
+    Mutex::new(unsafe { ChainedPics::new(PIC_1_OFFSET, PIC_2_OFFSET) });
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum InterruptIndex {
+    Timer = PIC_1_OFFSET,
+    Keyboard,
+}
+
+impl InterruptIndex {
+    fn as_u8(self) -> u8 {
+        self as u8
+    }
+
+    fn _as_usize(self) -> usize {
+        usize::from(self.as_u8())
+    }
+}
 
 pub fn init_idt() {
     IDT.load();
+    unsafe {
+        PICS.lock().initialize();
+        PICS.lock().write_masks(0xfc, 0xff);
+    }
 }
 
-extern "x86-interrupt" fn breakpoint_handler(
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn breakpoint_handler(stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame) {
-    stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame
+    serial_println!("Exception: Breakpoint\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
-) {
     println_log!("Exception: Breakpoint\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
 }
 
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn general_protection_fault_handler(
+    stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame,
+    _error_code: u64,
+) {
+    serial_println!("Exception: General Protection Fault\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+    panic!("Exception: General Protection Fault\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+}
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn double_fault_handler(
+    stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame,
+    _error_code: u64,
+) -> ! {
+    serial_println!("Exception: Double Fault\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+    panic!("Exception: Double Fault\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+}
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn keyboard_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame) {
+    use pc_keyboard::{layouts, DecodedKey, HandleControl, Keyboard, ScancodeSet1};
+    use spin::Mutex;
+    use x86_64::instructions::port::Port;
+
+    static KEYBOARD: Lazy<Mutex<Keyboard<layouts::Us104Key, ScancodeSet1>>> = Lazy::new(|| {
+        Mutex::new(Keyboard::new(
+            ScancodeSet1::new(),
+            layouts::Us104Key,
+            HandleControl::Ignore,
+        ))
+    });
+
+    let mut keyboard = KEYBOARD.lock();
+    let mut port = Port::new(0x60);
+
+    let scancode: u8 = unsafe { port.read() };
+    if let Ok(Some(key_event)) = keyboard.add_byte(scancode) {
+        if let Some(key) = keyboard.process_keyevent(key_event) {
+            match key {
+                DecodedKey::Unicode(character) => print!("{}", character),
+                DecodedKey::RawKey(key) => print!("{:?}", key),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsafe {
+        PICS.lock()
+            .notify_end_of_interrupt(InterruptIndex::Keyboard.as_u8());
+    }
+}
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn timer_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame) {
+    unsafe {
+        PICS.lock()
+            .notify_end_of_interrupt(InterruptIndex::Timer.as_u8());
+    }
+}
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn page_fault_handler(
+    stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame,
+    error_code: PageFaultErrorCode,
+) {
+    serial_println!("Exception: Page Fault");
+    serial_println!("Accessed Address: {:?}", Cr2::read());
+    serial_println!("Error Code: {:?}", error_code);
+    serial_println!("{:#?}", stack_frame);
+
+    crate::hcf();
+}

kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memmap.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//! Sets up a memory map using Limine.
+
+use limine::{
+    request::{HhdmRequest, KernelAddressRequest, MemoryMapRequest},
+    response::MemoryMapResponse,
+};
+use spin::Lazy;
+
+#[used]
+#[link_section = ".requests"]
+static MEMORY_MAP_REQUEST: MemoryMapRequest = MemoryMapRequest::new();
+
+#[used]
+#[link_section = ".requests"]
+static HIGHER_HALF_DIRECT_MAP_REQUEST: HhdmRequest = HhdmRequest::new();
+
+/// ```rs
+/// let virt_addr = phys_addr + offset;
+/// let phys_addr = virt_addr - offset; // (given VA is in the HHDM). Do not use for executable code.
+/// ```
+pub static PHYSICAL_MEMORY_OFFSET: Lazy<u64> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    HIGHER_HALF_DIRECT_MAP_REQUEST
+        .get_response()
+        .unwrap()
+        .offset()
+});
+
+#[used]
+#[link_section = ".requests"]
+static KERNEL_ADDRESS_REQUEST: KernelAddressRequest = KernelAddressRequest::new();
+
+/// Converts virtual addresses in the kernel to a physical address like this:
+/// ```rs
+/// let phys_addr = virt_addr - virtual_base + physical_base;
+/// ```
+///
+/// Returns (virtual_base, physical_base)
+pub static KERNEL_PHYSICAL_MEMORY_OFFSET: Lazy<(u64, u64)> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    let resp = KERNEL_ADDRESS_REQUEST.get_response().unwrap();
+
+    // These are base addresses, using Limine's built in page table.
+    (resp.virtual_base(), resp.physical_base())
+});
+
+/// Fetches the memory map from Limine.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// Panics if the memory map was not found in MEMORY_MAP_REQUEST.
+pub fn get_memory_map() -> &'static MemoryMapResponse {
+    if let Some(memory_map) = MEMORY_MAP_REQUEST.get_response() {
+        return memory_map;
+    } else {
+        unreachable!("Could not fetch memory map from Limine.")
+    }
+}

kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memory.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+use lib_alloc::allocator::FoundryAllocator;
+use limine::{memory_map::EntryType, response::MemoryMapResponse};
+use x86_64::{
+    addr,
+    registers::control::Cr3,
+    structures::paging::{
+        page_table::FrameError, FrameAllocator, OffsetPageTable, PageTable, PhysFrame, Size4KiB,
+    },
+    PhysAddr, VirtAddr,
+};
+
+/// Returns a mutable reference to the current level 4 page table.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// The caller must ensure that the level 4 page table is not modified
+/// simultaneously. The caller must also ensure that the physical memory offset
+/// is correct, to ensure that the correct virtual address is constructed.
+unsafe fn active_l4_table(physical_memory_offset: VirtAddr) -> &'static mut PageTable {
+    let (level_4_frame, _) = Cr3::read();
+
+    let phys_addr = level_4_frame.start_address();
+    let virt = phys_addr.as_u64() + physical_memory_offset.as_u64();
+    &mut *(virt as *mut PageTable)
+}
+
+/// Initializes the `OffsetPageTable` for the current CPU architecture.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// This function must be called only once and should be called before any
+/// memory operations are performed that rely on virtual memory management.
+/// The provided `physical_memory_offset` must be accurate to ensure correct
+/// translation of physical addresses.
+///
+/// # Parameters
+///
+/// - `physical_memory_offset`: The offset to convert physical addresses to
+///   virtual addresses in the higher-half direct map.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// Returns an `OffsetPageTable` that allows for manipulation of the page
+/// tables for the current CPU architecture.
+pub unsafe fn init(physical_memory_offset: VirtAddr) -> OffsetPageTable<'static> {
+    let l4_table = active_l4_table(physical_memory_offset);
+    OffsetPageTable::new(l4_table, physical_memory_offset)
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct FoundryOSFrameAllocator {
+    memory_map: &'static MemoryMapResponse,
+    next: usize,
+}
+
+impl FoundryOSFrameAllocator {
+    /// Creates a new `FoundryOSFrameAllocator` from a memory map.
+    ///
+    /// This function takes a reference to a `MemoryMapResponse` and initializes a
+    /// `FoundryOSFrameAllocator` with it. The `next` field is set to 0, indicating that
+    /// the first frame to be allocated is the first frame in the memory map.
+    pub unsafe fn init(memory_map: &'static MemoryMapResponse) -> FoundryOSFrameAllocator {
+        FoundryOSFrameAllocator {
+            memory_map,
+            next: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// An iterator over all usable frames in the memory map.
+    ///
+    /// Yields one `PhysFrame` for each available 4KiB frame in the memory map.
+    ///
+    /// This function is used to allocate frames for the pagemap.
+    fn usable_frames(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = PhysFrame> {
+        let regions = self.memory_map.entries().iter();
+        let usable_regions = regions.filter(|region| region.entry_type == EntryType::USABLE);
+
+        let addr_ranges = usable_regions.map(|region| region.base..region.base + region.length);
+
+        let frame_addresses = addr_ranges.flat_map(|r| r.step_by(4096));
+
+        frame_addresses.map(|addr| PhysFrame::from_start_address(PhysAddr::new(addr)).unwrap())
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl FrameAllocator<Size4KiB> for FoundryOSFrameAllocator {
+    /// Allocates a frame from the list of usable frames.
+    ///
+    /// This function returns the next available `PhysFrame` from the memory map,
+    /// if one exists. Once a frame is allocated, the internal counter is incremented
+    /// to point to the next frame for future allocations.
+    ///
+    /// # Returns
+    ///
+    /// - `Some(PhysFrame)`: If a usable frame is available.
+    /// - `None`: If there are no more usable frames to allocate.
+
+    fn allocate_frame(&mut self) -> Option<PhysFrame> {
+        let frame = self.usable_frames().nth(self.next);
+        self.next += 1;
+        frame
+    }
+}
+
+// pub unsafe fn translate_addr(addr: VirtAddr, physical_memory_offset: VirtAddr) -> Option<PhysAddr> {
+//     translate_addr_inner(addr, physical_memory_offset)
+// }
+
+// fn translate_addr_inner(addr: VirtAddr, physical_memory_offset: VirtAddr) -> Option<PhysAddr> {
+//     let (l4_table_frame, _) = Cr3::read();
+
+//     let table_indexes = [
+//         addr.p4_index(),
+//         addr.p3_index(),
+//         addr.p2_index(),
+//         addr.p1_index(),
+//     ];
+//     let mut frame = l4_table_frame;
+
+//     for &i in &table_indexes {
+//         let virt = physical_memory_offset + frame.start_address().as_u64();
+//         let table_ptr: *const PageTable = virt.as_ptr();
+//         let table = unsafe { &*table_ptr };
+
+//         let entry = &table[i];
+
+//         frame = match entry.frame() {
+//             Ok(frame) => frame,
+//             Err(FrameError::FrameNotPresent) => return None,
+//             Err(FrameError::HugeFrame) => panic!("huge frames are not supported!"),
+//         };
+//     }
+
+//     Some(frame.start_address() + u64::from(addr.page_offset()))
+// }

kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs

@@ -1 +1,7 @@
-pub mod interrupts;
+pub mod gdt;
+
+pub mod interrupts;
+
+pub mod memory;
+
+pub(crate) mod memmap;

kernel/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
 #![no_std]
-
 #![feature(abi_x86_interrupt)]
 
+extern crate alloc;
+
 use core::arch::asm;
+use lib_alloc::allocator::init_heap;
 use limine::request::{RequestsEndMarker, RequestsStartMarker};
 use limine::BaseRevision;
 
-pub use lib_serial::{serial_print, serial_println, serial_read};
 pub use lib_ascii::{print, print_log, println, println_log, WRITER};
+pub use lib_serial::{serial_print, serial_println, serial_read};
+use x86_64::structures::paging::Translate;
+use x86_64::{PhysAddr, VirtAddr};
 
 mod arch;
 
-use lib_framebuffer;
-
-
 /// Sets the base revision to the latest revision supported by the crate.
 /// See specification for further info.
 /// Be sure to mark all limine requests with #[used], otherwise they may be removed by the compiler.
@@ -32,6 +33,8 @@ static _END_MARKER: RequestsEndMarker = RequestsEndMarker::new();
 
 #[panic_handler]
 fn rust_panic(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
+    println!("Kernel panic: {}", _info);
+    serial_println!("Kernel panic: {}", _info);
     hcf();
 }
 
@@ -49,14 +52,44 @@ pub fn hcf() -> ! {
 }
 
 pub fn boot() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-    
     if !BASE_REVISION.is_supported() {
         return Err("base revision not supported");
     }
 
+    use arch::x86_64::{gdt, interrupts, memmap, memory};
+
+    let memory_map = memmap::get_memory_map();
+
+    print_log!("    Initialising Serial... ");
     lib_serial::init()?;
-    arch::x86_64::interrupts::init_idt();
+    println_log!("[Success]");
-    
+
-    
+    print_log!("    Setting Up Global Descriptor Table... ");
+    gdt::init();
+    println_log!("[Success]");
+
+    print_log!("    Setting Up Interrupt Descriptor Table... ");
+    interrupts::init_idt();
+    println_log!("[Success]");
+
+    print_log!("    Setting Up Page Table... ");
+    let mut frame_allocator = unsafe { memory::FoundryOSFrameAllocator::init(memory_map) };
+    println_log!("[Success]");
+
+    print_log!("    Initialising Memory Subsystem... ");
+    let physical_memory_offset = VirtAddr::new(*memmap::PHYSICAL_MEMORY_OFFSET);
+    let mut l4_table = unsafe { memory::init(physical_memory_offset) };
+    println_log!("[Success]");
+
+    print_log!("    Initialising Heap... ");
+    if let Err(e) = init_heap(&mut l4_table, &mut frame_allocator) {
+        return Err("Failed to initialise heap");
+    }
+    println_log!("[Success]");
+
+    print_log!("    Enabling Interrupts... ");
+    x86_64::instructions::interrupts::enable();
+    println_log!("[Success]");
+
     Ok(())
-}
+}

kernel/src/main.rs

@@ -1,27 +1,32 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
 
-use FoundryOS::{
+extern crate alloc;
-    println, println_log
+
-};
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+use foundry_os::{println, println_log};
 
 #[no_mangle]
 unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
     // All limine requests must also be referenced in a called function, otherwise they may be
     // removed by the linker.
 
-    FoundryOS::boot();
+    println_log!(" [ Initialising Kernel Systems ] ");
+    if let Err(err) = foundry_os::boot() {
+        panic!("{}", err);
+    }
+
+    println_log!("[ Kernel Initialised Successfully ] ");
 
     let dimensions = lib_ascii::screensize_chars();
     let dimensions2 = lib_framebuffer::screensize_px();
-    println_log!(" [ Initialising ] ");
-
-    x86_64::instructions::interrupts::int3();
 
     println!("Dimensions: {}x{} (px)", dimensions2.0, dimensions2.1);
     println!("Dimensions: {}x{} (chars)", dimensions.0, dimensions.1);
 
-    println!("
+    println!(
+        "
         $$$$$$$$\\                                  $$\\                     
         $$  _____|                                 $$ |                    
         $$ |    $$$$$$\\  $$\\   $$\\ $$$$$$$\\   $$$$$$$ | $$$$$$\\  $$\\   $$\\ 
@@ -38,11 +43,8 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
             $$ |  $$ |$$\\   $$ |        \\$$$  /    $$ |                  
              $$$$$$  |\\$$$$$$  |         \\$  /   $$$$$$\\                 
              \\______/  \\______/           \\_/    \\______|                              
-    ");
+    "
+    );
 
- 
+    loop {}
-    FoundryOS::hcf();
 }
-
-
-

kernel/x86_64-kernel.json

@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@
       "--no-pie",
       "--gc-sections",
       "--build-id=none",
-      "-z", "max-page-size=0x1000"
+      "-z",
+      "max-page-size=0x1000"
     ]
   }
 }

scripts/run.sh

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ mkdir -p "$iso_root/EFI/BOOT"
 if [ ! -d "$build_dir/limine" ]; then
     compiling "limine bootloader"
     cd "$build_dir"
-    git clone https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine.git --branch=v8.x-binary --depth=1 "$build_dir/limine" || error "failed to clone limine"
+    git clone https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine.git --branch=v9.x-binary --depth=1 "$build_dir/limine" || error "failed to clone limine"
     make -C "$build_dir/limine" || error "failed to build limine"
     cd "$project_root"
 fi