From 294e6f0e3376e898b647ce58b31534ddb7025553 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Thu, 20 Feb 2025 15:52:42 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 01/41] created example lib for sake of testing

---
 Cargo.lock                        |   5 +
 Cargo.toml                        |   3 +-
 docs/.obsidian/app.json           |   1 +
 docs/.obsidian/appearance.json    |   1 +
 docs/.obsidian/core-plugins.json  |  31 +++++
 docs/.obsidian/graph.json         |  22 ++++
 docs/.obsidian/workspace.json     | 198 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 docs/Usage/Building The Kernel.md |  12 ++
 kernel/Cargo.toml                 |   1 +
 kernel/src/main.rs                |   4 +
 lib_example/Cargo.toml            |   6 +
 lib_example/src/lib.rs            |   5 +
 12 files changed, 288 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/.obsidian/app.json
 create mode 100644 docs/.obsidian/appearance.json
 create mode 100644 docs/.obsidian/core-plugins.json
 create mode 100644 docs/.obsidian/graph.json
 create mode 100644 docs/.obsidian/workspace.json
 create mode 100644 docs/Usage/Building The Kernel.md
 create mode 100644 lib_example/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 lib_example/src/lib.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index c5c8083..dc802d6 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -12,9 +12,14 @@ checksum = "8f68f53c83ab957f72c32642f3868eec03eb974d1fb82e453128456482613d36"
 name = "kernel"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "lib_example",
  "limine",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "lib_example"
+version = "0.1.0"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "limine"
 version = "0.3.1"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 3141e70..1d44ee7 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 [workspace]
-members = [
+members = [ 
+    "lib_example",
     "kernel"
 ]
 resolver = "2"
diff --git a/docs/.obsidian/app.json b/docs/.obsidian/app.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e26dfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/.obsidian/app.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/.obsidian/appearance.json b/docs/.obsidian/appearance.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e26dfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/.obsidian/appearance.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/.obsidian/core-plugins.json b/docs/.obsidian/core-plugins.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b977c25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/.obsidian/core-plugins.json
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+  "file-explorer": true,
+  "global-search": true,
+  "switcher": true,
+  "graph": true,
+  "backlink": true,
+  "canvas": true,
+  "outgoing-link": true,
+  "tag-pane": true,
+  "properties": false,
+  "page-preview": true,
+  "daily-notes": true,
+  "templates": true,
+  "note-composer": true,
+  "command-palette": true,
+  "slash-command": false,
+  "editor-status": true,
+  "bookmarks": true,
+  "markdown-importer": false,
+  "zk-prefixer": false,
+  "random-note": false,
+  "outline": true,
+  "word-count": true,
+  "slides": false,
+  "audio-recorder": false,
+  "workspaces": false,
+  "file-recovery": true,
+  "publish": false,
+  "sync": true,
+  "webviewer": false
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/.obsidian/graph.json b/docs/.obsidian/graph.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42a46ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/.obsidian/graph.json
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{
+  "collapse-filter": true,
+  "search": "",
+  "showTags": false,
+  "showAttachments": false,
+  "hideUnresolved": false,
+  "showOrphans": true,
+  "collapse-color-groups": true,
+  "colorGroups": [],
+  "collapse-display": true,
+  "showArrow": false,
+  "textFadeMultiplier": 0,
+  "nodeSizeMultiplier": 1,
+  "lineSizeMultiplier": 1,
+  "collapse-forces": true,
+  "centerStrength": 0.518713248970312,
+  "repelStrength": 10,
+  "linkStrength": 1,
+  "linkDistance": 250,
+  "scale": 1,
+  "close": true
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/.obsidian/workspace.json b/docs/.obsidian/workspace.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..730b8e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/.obsidian/workspace.json
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+{
+  "main": {
+    "id": "20da7b1c0adc4114",
+    "type": "split",
+    "children": [
+      {
+        "id": "a20540b7c1ddbfca",
+        "type": "tabs",
+        "children": [
+          {
+            "id": "e1fb15cab546d0b6",
+            "type": "leaf",
+            "state": {
+              "type": "markdown",
+              "state": {
+                "file": "Usage/Building The Kernel.md",
+                "mode": "source",
+                "source": false
+              },
+              "icon": "lucide-file",
+              "title": "Building The Kernel"
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "id": "6bf1f87bf81a3031",
+        "type": "tabs",
+        "children": [
+          {
+            "id": "add883d295e04659",
+            "type": "leaf",
+            "state": {
+              "type": "markdown",
+              "state": {
+                "file": "Usage/Building The Kernel.md",
+                "mode": "preview",
+                "source": false
+              },
+              "icon": "lucide-file",
+              "title": "Building The Kernel"
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "direction": "vertical"
+  },
+  "left": {
+    "id": "8c92fa79437d4f31",
+    "type": "split",
+    "children": [
+      {
+        "id": "e4a9f8318da249b0",
+        "type": "tabs",
+        "children": [
+          {
+            "id": "da6fd2aac65f47f1",
+            "type": "leaf",
+            "state": {
+              "type": "file-explorer",
+              "state": {
+                "sortOrder": "alphabetical",
+                "autoReveal": false
+              },
+              "icon": "lucide-folder-closed",
+              "title": "Files"
+            }
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "3f86b26f003a0d1a",
+            "type": "leaf",
+            "state": {
+              "type": "search",
+              "state": {
+                "query": "tag:#usage",
+                "matchingCase": false,
+                "explainSearch": false,
+                "collapseAll": false,
+                "extraContext": false,
+                "sortOrder": "alphabetical"
+              },
+              "icon": "lucide-search",
+              "title": "Search"
+            }
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "39755dd9db653e17",
+            "type": "leaf",
+            "state": {
+              "type": "bookmarks",
+              "state": {},
+              "icon": "lucide-bookmark",
+              "title": "Bookmarks"
+            }
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "direction": "horizontal",
+    "width": 200,
+    "collapsed": true
+  },
+  "right": {
+    "id": "baa2a8e61b737fa6",
+    "type": "split",
+    "children": [
+      {
+        "id": "b628e7116722c59a",
+        "type": "tabs",
+        "children": [
+          {
+            "id": "eb1781be59af8c30",
+            "type": "leaf",
+            "state": {
+              "type": "backlink",
+              "state": {
+                "file": "Usage/Building The Kernel.md",
+                "collapseAll": false,
+                "extraContext": false,
+                "sortOrder": "alphabetical",
+                "showSearch": false,
+                "searchQuery": "",
+                "backlinkCollapsed": false,
+                "unlinkedCollapsed": true
+              },
+              "icon": "links-coming-in",
+              "title": "Backlinks for Building The Kernel"
+            }
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "18e4602ee5825e11",
+            "type": "leaf",
+            "state": {
+              "type": "outgoing-link",
+              "state": {
+                "file": "Usage/Building The Kernel.md",
+                "linksCollapsed": false,
+                "unlinkedCollapsed": true
+              },
+              "icon": "links-going-out",
+              "title": "Outgoing links from Building The Kernel"
+            }
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "df5aadad9f62dff1",
+            "type": "leaf",
+            "state": {
+              "type": "tag",
+              "state": {
+                "sortOrder": "frequency",
+                "useHierarchy": false,
+                "showSearch": false,
+                "searchQuery": ""
+              },
+              "icon": "lucide-tags",
+              "title": "Tags"
+            }
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "9bc68cb074d39ab5",
+            "type": "leaf",
+            "state": {
+              "type": "outline",
+              "state": {
+                "file": "Usage/Building The Kernel.md",
+                "followCursor": false,
+                "showSearch": false,
+                "searchQuery": ""
+              },
+              "icon": "lucide-list",
+              "title": "Outline of Building The Kernel"
+            }
+          }
+        ],
+        "currentTab": 2
+      }
+    ],
+    "direction": "horizontal",
+    "width": 300
+  },
+  "left-ribbon": {
+    "hiddenItems": {
+      "switcher:Open quick switcher": false,
+      "graph:Open graph view": false,
+      "canvas:Create new canvas": false,
+      "daily-notes:Open today's daily note": false,
+      "templates:Insert template": false,
+      "command-palette:Open command palette": false
+    }
+  },
+  "active": "e1fb15cab546d0b6",
+  "lastOpenFiles": [
+    "Usage",
+    "Welcome.md",
+    "Usage/Building The Kernel.md"
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/Usage/Building The Kernel.md b/docs/Usage/Building The Kernel.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8de145e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/Usage/Building The Kernel.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#usage 
+### Requirements
+- Latest rust nightly release
+> rustup update
+> rustup override set nightly
+- Specific rustup components that can be installed with the following commands:
+> rustup component add rust-src
+> rustup component add llvm-tools-preview
+
+### Building
+run the following command (in the root directory of the project)
+> ./run.sh 
diff --git a/kernel/Cargo.toml b/kernel/Cargo.toml
index 2e813c9..8c855f6 100644
--- a/kernel/Cargo.toml
+++ b/kernel/Cargo.toml
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 limine = "0.3.1"
+lib_example = { path = "../lib_example" }
 
 [features]
 default = []
diff --git a/kernel/src/main.rs b/kernel/src/main.rs
index a257fb9..ccf2a82 100644
--- a/kernel/src/main.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/main.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ use core::arch::asm;
 use limine::request::{FramebufferRequest, RequestsEndMarker, RequestsStartMarker};
 use limine::BaseRevision;
 
+use lib_example;
+
 /// Sets the base revision to the latest revision supported by the crate.
 /// See specification for further info.
 /// Be sure to mark all limine requests with #[used], otherwise they may be removed by the compiler.
@@ -32,6 +34,8 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
     // removed by the linker.
     assert!(BASE_REVISION.is_supported());
 
+    lib_example::add_nums(1, 2);
+
     if let Some(framebuffer_response) = FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST.get_response() {
         if let Some(framebuffer) = framebuffer_response.framebuffers().next() {
             for i in 0..100_u64 {
diff --git a/lib_example/Cargo.toml b/lib_example/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ea006a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib_example/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[package]
+name = "lib_example"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
diff --git a/lib_example/src/lib.rs b/lib_example/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f8117c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib_example/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#![no_std]
+
+pub fn add_nums(x: i32, y: i32) -> i32 {
+    x + y
+}
\ No newline at end of file

From b028a97a44ea3bcbab77f1f5abf637f6f347da1c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Thu, 20 Feb 2025 17:12:25 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 02/41] vscode workspace setup

---
 .idea/.gitignore    |  8 ++++++++
 .idea/FoundryOS.iml | 12 ++++++++++++
 .idea/modules.xml   |  8 ++++++++
 .idea/vcs.xml       |  7 +++++++
 4 files changed, 35 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .idea/.gitignore
 create mode 100644 .idea/FoundryOS.iml
 create mode 100644 .idea/modules.xml
 create mode 100644 .idea/vcs.xml

diff --git a/.idea/.gitignore b/.idea/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13566b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Default ignored files
+/shelf/
+/workspace.xml
+# Editor-based HTTP Client requests
+/httpRequests/
+# Datasource local storage ignored files
+/dataSources/
+/dataSources.local.xml
diff --git a/.idea/FoundryOS.iml b/.idea/FoundryOS.iml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..158aa3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/FoundryOS.iml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="EMPTY_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager">
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/kernel/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/lib_example/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/target" />
+    </content>
+    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+  </component>
+</module>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/modules.xml b/.idea/modules.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6c1e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/modules.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
+    <modules>
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/FoundryOS.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/FoundryOS.iml" />
+    </modules>
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/vcs.xml b/.idea/vcs.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bf7a27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/vcs.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
+    <mapping directory="" vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/build/limine" vcs="Git" />
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file

From 60efcf39b6372053e719d6bc240be42b6a5cd806 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Thu, 20 Feb 2025 17:13:40 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 03/41] started setting up support for C code in the kernel

---
 .idea/.gitignore    |  8 ++++++++
 .idea/FoundryOS.iml | 12 ++++++++++++
 .idea/modules.xml   |  8 ++++++++
 .idea/vcs.xml       |  7 +++++++
 Cargo.lock          | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 kernel/Cargo.toml   |  5 ++++-
 kernel/build.rs     |  7 ++++++-
 kernel/src/main.c   |  3 +++
 kernel/src/main.rs  |  7 +++++++
 9 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 .idea/.gitignore
 create mode 100644 .idea/FoundryOS.iml
 create mode 100644 .idea/modules.xml
 create mode 100644 .idea/vcs.xml
 create mode 100644 kernel/src/main.c

diff --git a/.idea/.gitignore b/.idea/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13566b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Default ignored files
+/shelf/
+/workspace.xml
+# Editor-based HTTP Client requests
+/httpRequests/
+# Datasource local storage ignored files
+/dataSources/
+/dataSources.local.xml
diff --git a/.idea/FoundryOS.iml b/.idea/FoundryOS.iml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..158aa3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/FoundryOS.iml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module type="EMPTY_MODULE" version="4">
+  <component name="NewModuleRootManager">
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/kernel/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/lib_example/src" isTestSource="false" />
+      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/target" />
+    </content>
+    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
+    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
+  </component>
+</module>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/modules.xml b/.idea/modules.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6c1e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/modules.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
+    <modules>
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/FoundryOS.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/FoundryOS.iml" />
+    </modules>
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/vcs.xml b/.idea/vcs.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bf7a27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/vcs.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
+    <mapping directory="" vcs="Git" />
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/build/limine" vcs="Git" />
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index dc802d6..f059199 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -8,10 +8,20 @@ version = "2.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8f68f53c83ab957f72c32642f3868eec03eb974d1fb82e453128456482613d36"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cc"
+version = "1.2.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c3d1b2e905a3a7b00a6141adb0e4c0bb941d11caf55349d863942a1cc44e3c9"
+dependencies = [
+ "shlex",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "kernel"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "cc",
  "lib_example",
  "limine",
 ]
@@ -28,3 +38,9 @@ checksum = "9ca87cab008b8efeebdbe037cd4d1438037d48c5cb6fed939ffa5aa06315a321"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
 ]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "shlex"
+version = "1.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0fda2ff0d084019ba4d7c6f371c95d8fd75ce3524c3cb8fb653a3023f6323e64"
diff --git a/kernel/Cargo.toml b/kernel/Cargo.toml
index 8c855f6..255736c 100644
--- a/kernel/Cargo.toml
+++ b/kernel/Cargo.toml
@@ -7,9 +7,12 @@ edition = "2021"
 limine = "0.3.1"
 lib_example = { path = "../lib_example" }
 
+[build-dependencies]
+cc = "1.2.14"
+
 [features]
 default = []
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "kernel"
-path = "src/main.rs"
\ No newline at end of file
+path = "src/main.rs"
diff --git a/kernel/build.rs b/kernel/build.rs
index 4d43936..1ea5435 100644
--- a/kernel/build.rs
+++ b/kernel/build.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 use std::process::Command;
 use std::{env, path::Path};
+use cc;
 
 fn main() {
     // Tell cargo to rerun if these files change
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=src");
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=linker.ld");
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=../config/limine.conf");
-}
+
+    cc::Build::new()
+        .file("src/main.c")
+        .compile("lib");
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kernel/src/main.c b/kernel/src/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af9b44a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+int add(int x, int y)  {
+    return x+y;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kernel/src/main.rs b/kernel/src/main.rs
index ccf2a82..d8832df 100644
--- a/kernel/src/main.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/main.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@ static _START_MARKER: RequestsStartMarker = RequestsStartMarker::new();
 #[link_section = ".requests_end_marker"]
 static _END_MARKER: RequestsEndMarker = RequestsEndMarker::new();
 
+
+extern "C" {
+    pub fn add(x: i32, y: i32) -> i32;
+}
+
 #[no_mangle]
 unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
     // All limine requests must also be referenced in a called function, otherwise they may be
@@ -35,6 +40,8 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
     assert!(BASE_REVISION.is_supported());
 
     lib_example::add_nums(1, 2);
+    add(1, 2);
+
 
     if let Some(framebuffer_response) = FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST.get_response() {
         if let Some(framebuffer) = framebuffer_response.framebuffers().next() {

From 34b960c20ab3db0da08a7e0842e6f4f305e9cead Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Thu, 20 Feb 2025 22:59:24 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 04/41] println works

---
 .cargo/config.toml                            |   3 +
 Cargo.lock                                    |  99 ++++++++-
 Cargo.toml                                    |   4 +-
 kernel/Cargo.toml                             |   4 +-
 kernel/build.rs                               |   4 -
 kernel/src/main.c                             |   3 -
 kernel/src/main.rs                            |  58 ++---
 lib/lib_ascii/Cargo.toml                      |  10 +
 lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs                     | 200 ++++++++++++++++++
 lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs                      | 199 +++++++++++++++++
 .../lib_framebuffer}/Cargo.toml               |   4 +-
 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/draw.rs               |  57 +++++
 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/lib.rs                |  18 ++
 lib/lib_serial/Cargo.toml                     |  10 +
 lib/lib_serial/src/io.rs                      |  23 ++
 lib/lib_serial/src/lib.rs                     | 157 ++++++++++++++
 lib_example/src/lib.rs                        |   5 -
 scripts/run.sh                                |   2 +-
 18 files changed, 816 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 kernel/src/main.c
 create mode 100644 lib/lib_ascii/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs
 create mode 100644 lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs
 rename {lib_example => lib/lib_framebuffer}/Cargo.toml (57%)
 create mode 100644 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/draw.rs
 create mode 100644 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/lib.rs
 create mode 100644 lib/lib_serial/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 lib/lib_serial/src/io.rs
 create mode 100644 lib/lib_serial/src/lib.rs
 delete mode 100644 lib_example/src/lib.rs

diff --git a/.cargo/config.toml b/.cargo/config.toml
index 973fadb..3b01eb5 100644
--- a/.cargo/config.toml
+++ b/.cargo/config.toml
@@ -8,3 +8,6 @@ build-std-features = ["compiler-builtins-mem"]
 
 [env]
 RUST_TARGET_PATH = { value = "kernel", relative = true }
+
+[target.x86_64-kernel]
+runner = "scripts/run.sh"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index f059199..fc3b11b 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2,6 +2,18 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 4
 
+[[package]]
+name = "autocfg"
+version = "1.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ace50bade8e6234aa140d9a2f552bbee1db4d353f69b8217bc503490fc1a9f26"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bit_field"
+version = "0.10.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dc827186963e592360843fb5ba4b973e145841266c1357f7180c43526f2e5b61"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
 version = "2.8.0"
@@ -22,13 +34,47 @@ name = "kernel"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
- "lib_example",
+ "lib_ascii",
+ "lib_framebuffer",
+ "lib_serial",
  "limine",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "lib_example"
+name = "lazy_static"
+version = "1.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bbd2bcb4c963f2ddae06a2efc7e9f3591312473c50c6685e1f298068316e66fe"
+dependencies = [
+ "spin",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "lib_ascii"
 version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "lazy_static",
+ "lib_framebuffer",
+ "spin",
+ "x86_64",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "lib_framebuffer"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "limine",
+ "spin",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "lib_serial"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "lazy_static",
+ "spin",
+ "x86_64",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "limine"
@@ -39,8 +85,57 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "lock_api"
+version = "0.4.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "07af8b9cdd281b7915f413fa73f29ebd5d55d0d3f0155584dade1ff18cea1b17"
+dependencies = [
+ "autocfg",
+ "scopeguard",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustversion"
+version = "1.0.19"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f7c45b9784283f1b2e7fb61b42047c2fd678ef0960d4f6f1eba131594cc369d4"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "scopeguard"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "shlex"
 version = "1.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0fda2ff0d084019ba4d7c6f371c95d8fd75ce3524c3cb8fb653a3023f6323e64"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "spin"
+version = "0.9.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6980e8d7511241f8acf4aebddbb1ff938df5eebe98691418c4468d0b72a96a67"
+dependencies = [
+ "lock_api",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "volatile"
+version = "0.4.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "442887c63f2c839b346c192d047a7c87e73d0689c9157b00b53dcc27dd5ea793"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "x86_64"
+version = "0.15.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0f042214de98141e9c8706e8192b73f56494087cc55ebec28ce10f26c5c364ae"
+dependencies = [
+ "bit_field",
+ "bitflags",
+ "rustversion",
+ "volatile",
+]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 1d44ee7..8b3748c 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 [workspace]
 members = [ 
-    "lib_example",
+    "lib/lib_framebuffer",
+    "lib/lib_serial",
+    "lib/lib_ascii",
     "kernel"
 ]
 resolver = "2"
diff --git a/kernel/Cargo.toml b/kernel/Cargo.toml
index 255736c..d9d4087 100644
--- a/kernel/Cargo.toml
+++ b/kernel/Cargo.toml
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 limine = "0.3.1"
-lib_example = { path = "../lib_example" }
+lib_framebuffer = { path = "../lib/lib_framebuffer" }
+lib_serial = { path = "../lib/lib_serial" }
+lib_ascii = { path = "../lib/lib_ascii" }
 
 [build-dependencies]
 cc = "1.2.14"
diff --git a/kernel/build.rs b/kernel/build.rs
index 1ea5435..a9b7914 100644
--- a/kernel/build.rs
+++ b/kernel/build.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,4 @@ fn main() {
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=src");
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=linker.ld");
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=../config/limine.conf");
-
-    cc::Build::new()
-        .file("src/main.c")
-        .compile("lib");
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kernel/src/main.c b/kernel/src/main.c
deleted file mode 100644
index af9b44a..0000000
--- a/kernel/src/main.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-int add(int x, int y)  {
-    return x+y;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kernel/src/main.rs b/kernel/src/main.rs
index d8832df..c6ae3fc 100644
--- a/kernel/src/main.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/main.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@
 
 use core::arch::asm;
 
-use limine::request::{FramebufferRequest, RequestsEndMarker, RequestsStartMarker};
+use lib_serial::{serial_println, serial_read};
+use lib_ascii::{println, WRITER};
+
+use limine::request::{RequestsEndMarker, RequestsStartMarker};
 use limine::BaseRevision;
 
-use lib_example;
+use lib_framebuffer;
 
 /// Sets the base revision to the latest revision supported by the crate.
 /// See specification for further info.
@@ -16,10 +19,6 @@ use lib_example;
 #[link_section = ".requests"]
 static BASE_REVISION: BaseRevision = BaseRevision::new();
 
-#[used]
-#[link_section = ".requests"]
-static FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST: FramebufferRequest = FramebufferRequest::new();
-
 /// Define the stand and end markers for Limine requests.
 #[used]
 #[link_section = ".requests_start_marker"]
@@ -28,41 +27,48 @@ static _START_MARKER: RequestsStartMarker = RequestsStartMarker::new();
 #[link_section = ".requests_end_marker"]
 static _END_MARKER: RequestsEndMarker = RequestsEndMarker::new();
 
-
-extern "C" {
-    pub fn add(x: i32, y: i32) -> i32;
-}
-
 #[no_mangle]
 unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
     // All limine requests must also be referenced in a called function, otherwise they may be
     // removed by the linker.
     assert!(BASE_REVISION.is_supported());
 
-    lib_example::add_nums(1, 2);
-    add(1, 2);
 
-
-    if let Some(framebuffer_response) = FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST.get_response() {
-        if let Some(framebuffer) = framebuffer_response.framebuffers().next() {
-            for i in 0..100_u64 {
-                // Calculate the pixel offset using the framebuffer information we obtained above.
-                // We skip `i` scanlines (pitch is provided in bytes) and add `i * 4` to skip `i` pixels forward.
-                let pixel_offset = i * framebuffer.pitch() + i * 4;
-
-                // Write 0xFFFFFFFF to the provided pixel offset to fill it white.
-                *(framebuffer.addr().add(pixel_offset as usize) as *mut u32) = 0xFFFFFFFF;
-            }
-        }
+    if let Err(_) = lib_serial::init() {
+        loop {}
     }
 
+    let dimensions = lib_ascii::screensize_chars();
+    let dimensions2 = lib_framebuffer::screensize_px();
+    println!("Hello World!");
+    println!("Dimensions: {}x{} (px)", dimensions2.0, dimensions2.1);
+    println!("Dimensions: {}x{} (chars)", dimensions.0, dimensions.1);
+
+    println!("
+        $$$$$$$$\\                                  $$\\                     
+        $$  _____|                                 $$ |                    
+        $$ |    $$$$$$\\  $$\\   $$\\ $$$$$$$\\   $$$$$$$ | $$$$$$\\  $$\\   $$\\ 
+        $$$$$\\ $$  __$$\\ $$ |  $$ |$$  __$$\\ $$  __$$ |$$  __$$\\ $$ |  $$ |
+        $$  __|$$ /  $$ |$$ |  $$ |$$ |  $$ |$$ /  $$ |$$ |  \\__|$$ |  $$ |
+        $$ |   $$ |  $$ |$$ |  $$ |$$ |  $$ |$$ |  $$ |$$ |      $$ |  $$ |
+        $$ |   \\$$$$$$  |\\$$$$$$  |$$ |  $$ |\\$$$$$$$ |$$ |      \\$$$$$$$ |
+        \\__|    \\______/  \\______/ \\__|  \\__| \\_______|\\__|       \\____$$ |
+             $$$$$$\\   $$$$$$\\        $$\\    $$\\   $$\\           $$\\   $$ |
+            $$  __$$\\ $$  __$$\\       $$ |   $$ |$$$$ |          \\$$$$$$  |
+            $$ /  $$ |$$ /  \\__|      $$ |   $$ |\\_$$ |           \\______/ 
+            $$ |  $$ |\\$$$$$$\\        \\$$\\  $$  |  $$ |                  
+            $$ |  $$ | \\____$$\\        \\$$\\$$  /   $$ |                  
+            $$ |  $$ |$$\\   $$ |        \\$$$  /    $$ |                  
+             $$$$$$  |\\$$$$$$  |         \\$  /   $$$$$$\\                 
+             \\______/  \\______/           \\_/    \\______|                              
+    ");
+
     hcf();
 }
 
 #[panic_handler]
 fn rust_panic(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
     hcf();
-    // loop {}
 }
 
 fn hcf() -> ! {
diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii/Cargo.toml b/lib/lib_ascii/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..674cb7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_ascii/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[package]
+name = "lib_ascii"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+lazy_static = { version = "1.5.0", default-features = false, features = ["spin_no_std"] }
+lib_framebuffer = { path = "../lib_framebuffer" }
+spin = "0.9.8"
+x86_64 = "0.15.2"
diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs b/lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cd6ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+pub static FONT: [u8; 128 * 16] = [
+    // ASCII 0-31 (Control Characters) - Using simple box patterns
+    // NUL (0)
+    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+    // SOH (1)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+    // STX (2)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+    // ETX (3)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+    // EOT (4)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+    // ENQ (5)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+    // ACK (6)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+    // BEL (7)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+    // BS (8)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+    // HT (9)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+    // LF (10)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18,
+    // VT (11)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18,
+    // FF (12)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C,
+    // CR (13)
+    0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E,
+    // SO (14)
+    0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+    // SI (15)
+    0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+    // DLE (16)
+    0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+    // DC1 (17)
+    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+    // DC2 (18)
+    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+    // DC3 (19)
+    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+    // DC4 (20)
+    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+    // NAK (21)
+    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+    // SYN (22)
+    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+    // ETB (23)
+    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+    // CAN (24)
+    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+    // EM (25)
+    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF,
+    // SUB (26)
+    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF,
+    // ESC (27)
+    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18,
+    // FS (28)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+    // GS (29)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+    // RS (30)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+    // US (31)
+    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+    // Space (32)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // ! (33)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // " (34)
+    0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // # (35)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // $ (36)
+    0x18, 0x18, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC2, 0xC0, 0x7C, 0x06, 0x86, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // % (37)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC6, 0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // & (38)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x76, 0xDC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // ' (39)
+    0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // ( (40)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // ) (41)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // * (42)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x3C, 0xFF, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // + (43)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // , (44)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // - (45)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // . (46)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // / (47)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // 0-9 (48-57)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x38, 0x78, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x06, 0x3C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x1C, 0x3C, 0x6C, 0xCC, 0xFE, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xFC, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xFC, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7E, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // : (58)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // ; (59)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // < (60)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // = (61)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // > (62)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // ? (63)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // @ (64)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xDE, 0xDE, 0xDE, 0xDC, 0xC0, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // A-Z (65-90)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0xC2, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC2, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x6C, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x66, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x60, 0x62, 0x66, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x66, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0xC2, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xDE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x66, 0x3A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xE6, 0x66, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x78, 0x78, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x62, 0x66, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xEE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xE6, 0xF6, 0xFE, 0xDE, 0xCE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xDE, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x60, 0x38, 0x0C, 0x06, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x5A, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xFE, 0xEE, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x38, 0x7C, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0x86, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // [ (91)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // \ (92)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0x70, 0x38, 0x1C, 0x0E, 0x06, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // ] (93)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // ^ (94)
+    0x10, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // _ (95)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // ` (96)
+    0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // a-z (97-122) - lowercase letters
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x78, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x3C, 0x6C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6C, 0x64, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x6C, 0x76, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x38, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x66, 0x6C, 0x78, 0x78, 0x6C, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xEC, 0xFE, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x76, 0x66, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x60, 0x38, 0x0C, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x30, 0x30, 0xFC, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x36, 0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x38, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7E, 0x06, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xCC, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // { (123)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x70, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // | (124)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // } (125)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x0E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // ~ (126)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xDC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+    // DEL (127)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+];
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs b/lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..584ed2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+#![no_std]
+
+use core::fmt;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use spin::{Lazy, Mutex};
+use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;
+
+use lib_framebuffer::FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER;
+
+mod font;
+use font::FONT;
+
+static FONT_WIDTH: u32 = 8;
+static FONT_HEIGHT: u32 = 16;
+
+pub static WRITER: Lazy<Mutex<Writer>> = Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new(Writer::new()));
+
+pub fn screensize_chars() -> (u32, u32) {
+    let writer = WRITER.lock();
+    (writer.screen_width, writer.screen_height)
+}
+
+pub struct Writer {
+    // these are measured in chars NOT pixels
+    screen_width: u32,
+    screen_height: u32,
+
+    text_line: u32, // 16 pixels tall
+    text_col: u32,  // 8 pixels wide
+
+    fg_color: u32,
+    bg_color: u32
+}
+
+impl Writer {
+
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        if let Some(writer) = FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER.lock().as_mut() {
+            Self {
+                screen_width: writer.width() as u32 / 8,
+                screen_height: writer.height() as u32 / 16,
+                text_line: 0,
+                text_col: 0,
+                fg_color: 0xFFFFFF,
+                bg_color: 0x000000
+            }
+        } else {
+            panic!("Framebuffer writer not initialized");
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_char(&mut self, mut c: u8) {
+        if c == b'\n' {
+            self.newline();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if c < 32 || c > 126 {
+            c = '?' as u8;
+        }
+
+        // get the character data from the font array. -- each byte is a row of pixels
+        let data: &[u8] = &FONT[c as usize * 16..(c as usize + 1) * 16];
+
+        if let Some(writer) = FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER.lock().as_mut() {
+            for row in 0..16 {
+                let line: u8 = data[row];
+                for col in 0..8 {
+                    let pixel_x: u32 = self.text_col * FONT_WIDTH + col;
+                    let pixel_y: u32 = self.text_line * FONT_HEIGHT + row as u32;
+    
+                    if line & (0x80 >> col) != 0 {
+                        // write the foreground color
+                        writer.write_pixel(pixel_x as usize, pixel_y as usize, self.fg_color);
+                    } else {
+                        // write the background color
+                        writer.write_pixel(pixel_x as usize, pixel_y as usize, self.bg_color);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }   
+
+        // go to next position
+        if self.text_col + 1 >= self.screen_width {
+            self.newline();
+        } else {
+            self.text_col += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn dimensions(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
+        (self.screen_width, self.screen_height)
+    }
+
+    pub fn next_char(&mut self) {
+        self.text_col += 1;
+    }
+
+    pub fn newline(&mut self) {
+        self.text_col = 0;
+
+        if self.text_line + 1 >= self.screen_height {
+            self.text_line = 0;
+        } else {
+            self.text_line += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_string(&mut self, s: &str) {
+        for c in s.chars() {
+            self.write_char(c as u8);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_colour(&mut self, col: (u32, u32)) {
+        self.fg_color = col.0;
+        self.bg_color = col.1;
+    }
+
+    pub fn reset_colour(&mut self) {
+        self.fg_color = 0xFFFFFF;
+        self.bg_color = 0x000000;
+    }
+}
+
+impl core::fmt::Write for Writer {
+    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        self.write_string(s);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn write(args: fmt::Arguments, fg_color: u32, bg_color: u32) {
+    use core::fmt::Write;
+
+    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
+        let mut writer = WRITER.lock();
+        writer.set_colour((fg_color, bg_color));
+        writer.write_fmt(args).unwrap();
+        writer.reset_colour();
+    });
+}
+
+pub fn _print(args: fmt::Arguments) {
+    write(args, 0xFFFFFF, 0x000000);
+}
+
+pub fn _printerr(args: fmt::Arguments) {
+    write(args, 0xFF8080, 0x000000);
+}
+
+pub fn _log(args: fmt::Arguments) {
+    write(args, 0xFFFF00, 0x000000);
+}
+
+pub fn clear_screen() {
+    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
+        let mut writer = WRITER.lock();
+        writer.text_line = 0;
+        writer.text_col = 0;
+    
+        if let Some(writer) = FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER.lock().as_mut() {
+            writer.clear();
+        }
+    });    
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! println_log {
+	() => ($crate::print_log!("\n"));
+	($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::print_log!("{}\n", format_args!($($arg)*)));
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! print_log {
+	($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::_log(format_args!($($arg)*)));
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! println {
+	() => ($crate::print!("\n"));
+	($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::print!("{}\n", format_args!($($arg)*)));
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! print {
+	($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::_print(format_args!($($arg)*)));
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! printlnerr {
+    () => ($crate::printerr!("\n"));
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::printerr!("{}\n", format_args!($($arg)*)));
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! printerr {
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::_printerr(format_args!($($arg)*)));
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib_example/Cargo.toml b/lib/lib_framebuffer/Cargo.toml
similarity index 57%
rename from lib_example/Cargo.toml
rename to lib/lib_framebuffer/Cargo.toml
index 4ea006a..19737e4 100644
--- a/lib_example/Cargo.toml
+++ b/lib/lib_framebuffer/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 [package]
-name = "lib_example"
+name = "lib_framebuffer"
 version.workspace = true
 edition.workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
+limine = "0.3.1"
+spin = "0.9.8"
diff --git a/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/draw.rs b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/draw.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2f0255
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/draw.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+use core::panic;
+use limine::framebuffer::Framebuffer;
+use spin::{Mutex, Lazy};
+
+use crate::FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST;
+
+pub static FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER: Lazy<Mutex<Option<FramebufferWriter>>> = Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new(
+    if let Some(framebuffer_response) = FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST.get_response() {
+        let framebuffer = framebuffer_response.framebuffers().next().unwrap();
+        Some(FramebufferWriter::new(framebuffer))
+    } else {
+        panic!("Framebuffer request failed");
+    }
+));
+
+pub struct FramebufferWriter<'a> {
+    framebuffer: Framebuffer<'a>,
+}
+
+unsafe impl<'a> Send for FramebufferWriter<'a> {}
+unsafe impl<'a> Sync for FramebufferWriter<'a> {}
+impl<'a> FramebufferWriter<'a> {
+    pub fn new(framebuffer: Framebuffer<'a>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            framebuffer,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_pixel(&self, x: usize, y: usize, color: u32) {
+        let pitch = self.framebuffer.pitch() as usize;
+        let bpp = (self.framebuffer.bpp() / 8) as usize;
+        let pixel_offset = y * pitch + x * bpp;
+
+        unsafe {
+            *(self.framebuffer.addr().add(pixel_offset) as *mut u32) = color;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.framebuffer.width() as u32
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.framebuffer.height() as u32
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear(&self) {
+        let width = self.framebuffer.width() as usize;
+        let height = self.framebuffer.height() as usize;
+
+        for y in 0..height {
+            for x in 0..width {
+                self.write_pixel(x, y, 0x000000);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/lib.rs b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61a28a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#![no_std]
+
+use limine::request::FramebufferRequest;
+
+#[used]
+#[link_section = ".requests"]
+static FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST: FramebufferRequest = FramebufferRequest::new();
+
+mod draw;
+pub use draw::FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER;
+
+pub fn screensize_px() -> (u32, u32) {
+    if let Some(writer) = FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER.lock().as_mut() {
+        (writer.width(), writer.height())
+    } else {
+        (0, 0)
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_serial/Cargo.toml b/lib/lib_serial/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdd0427
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_serial/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[package]
+name = "lib_serial"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+lazy_static = { version = "1.5.0", default-features = false, features = ["spin_no_std"] }
+spin = "0.9.8"
+x86_64 = "0.15.2"
+
diff --git a/lib/lib_serial/src/io.rs b/lib/lib_serial/src/io.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..994cbf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_serial/src/io.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+use core::arch::asm;
+
+#[inline]
+pub unsafe fn inb(port: u16) -> u8 {
+    let value: u8;
+    asm!(
+        "in al, dx",
+        out("al") value,
+        in("dx") port,
+        options(nomem, nostack, preserves_flags)
+    );
+    value
+}
+
+#[inline]
+pub unsafe fn outb(port: u16, value: u8) {
+    asm!(
+        "out dx, al",
+        in("dx") port,
+        in("al") value,
+        options(nomem, nostack, preserves_flags)
+    );
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_serial/src/lib.rs b/lib/lib_serial/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59fb98c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_serial/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#![no_std]
+
+use core::{fmt, sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering}};
+use spin::Mutex;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+
+mod io;
+use io::*;
+use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;
+
+static PORT: u16 = 0x3f8;
+static mut BUFFER: [u8; 256] = [0; 256];
+static BUFFER_LEN: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
+
+lazy_static!{
+    static ref READER: Mutex<Option<Reader>> = Mutex::new(None);
+    static ref WRITER: Mutex<Option<Writer>> = Mutex::new(None);
+}
+
+struct Reader;
+
+struct Writer;
+
+impl fmt::Write for Writer {
+    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
+        for c in s.chars() {
+            self.write_byte(c as u8);
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Writer {
+    unsafe fn write_success(&self) -> bool {
+        inb(PORT + 5) & 0x20 != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_byte(&self, data: u8) { unsafe {
+        while !self.write_success() {};
+        outb(PORT + 0, data);
+    }}
+}
+
+
+pub fn init() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+    if let Err(e) = test() {
+        return Err(e);
+    }
+
+    if READER.lock().is_none() {
+        *READER.lock() = Some(Reader);
+    }
+
+    if WRITER.lock().is_none() {
+        *WRITER.lock() = Some(Writer);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn test() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+    unsafe {
+        outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);    // Disable all interrupts
+        outb(PORT + 3, 0x80);    // Enable DLAB (set baud rate divisor)
+        outb(PORT + 0, 0x03);    // Set divisor to 3 (lo byte) 38400 baud
+        outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);    //                  (hi byte)
+        outb(PORT + 3, 0x03);    // 8 bits, no parity, one stop bit
+        outb(PORT + 2, 0xC7);    // Enable FIFO, clear them, with 14-bytethreshold
+        outb(PORT + 4, 0x0B);    // IRQs enabled, RTS/DSR set
+        outb(PORT + 4, 0x1E);    // Set in loopback mode, test the serial chip
+        outb(PORT + 0, 0xAE);    // Test serial chip (send byte 0xAE and check if serial returns same byte)
+
+        if inb(PORT + 0)  != 0xAE {
+            return Err("serial test failed")
+        }
+
+        outb(PORT + 4, 0x0F);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+impl Reader {
+    pub fn read_str_to_buffer(&mut self) { unsafe {
+        while !self.read_ready() {};
+
+        BUFFER_LEN.store(0, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+        while BUFFER_LEN.load(Ordering::SeqCst) < 256 {
+            let c = self.read();
+            BUFFER[BUFFER_LEN.load(Ordering::SeqCst)] = c;
+            if c as char == '\r' {
+                break;
+            }
+            BUFFER_LEN.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        }
+
+        serial_println!("returning")
+    }}
+
+    unsafe fn read_ready(&self) -> bool {
+        inb(PORT + 5) & 1 != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn read(&self) -> u8 { unsafe {
+        while !self.read_ready() {};
+        return inb(PORT + 0);
+    }}
+}
+
+pub fn _serial_write(args: fmt::Arguments) {
+    use core::fmt::Write;
+
+    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
+        if let Some(writer) = WRITER.lock().as_mut() {
+            writer.write_fmt(args).unwrap();
+        }
+    })    
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! serial_println {
+    () => ($crate::serial_print!("\n"));
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::serial_print!("{}\n", format_args!($($arg)*)));
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! serial_print {
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::_serial_write(format_args!($($arg)*)));
+}
+
+pub fn serial_read() -> &'static str {
+    serial_println!("getting value!");
+
+    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
+        if let Some(reader) = READER.lock().as_mut() {
+            serial_println!("stuff happnin.");
+            reader.read_str_to_buffer();
+        } else {
+            serial_println!("failed to get writer");
+        }
+    });
+
+    serial_println!("eee");
+
+    let i = BUFFER_LEN.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+    return unsafe {
+        if i != 0 {
+            core::str::from_utf8(&BUFFER[..i - 1]).unwrap()
+        } else { 
+            serial_println!("empty string");
+            ""
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/lib_example/src/lib.rs b/lib_example/src/lib.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 1f8117c..0000000
--- a/lib_example/src/lib.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#![no_std]
-
-pub fn add_nums(x: i32, y: i32) -> i32 {
-    x + y
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/scripts/run.sh b/scripts/run.sh
index 16a53c4..059a677 100755
--- a/scripts/run.sh
+++ b/scripts/run.sh
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ if [[ $1 == *"deps"* ]]; then
 else
     # Build the kernel normally
     cd "$project_root"
-    cargo build
+    # cargo build
     kernel_path="$build_dir/target/x86_64-kernel/debug/kernel"
 fi
 

From e626a3bcf276311e18184efdba73f8d11e0296a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2025 16:13:27 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 05/41] working on colour support

---
 docs/Usage/Building The Kernel.md      |  1 -
 lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs               |  8 +--
 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/colour.rs      | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++
 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/draw.rs        | 57 ----------------------
 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/framebuffer.rs | 67 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/lib.rs         |  6 ++-
 scripts/run.sh                         | 26 +++++++---
 7 files changed, 145 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/colour.rs
 create mode 100644 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/framebuffer.rs

diff --git a/docs/Usage/Building The Kernel.md b/docs/Usage/Building The Kernel.md
index 8de145e..154f9f4 100644
--- a/docs/Usage/Building The Kernel.md	
+++ b/docs/Usage/Building The Kernel.md	
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 - Specific rustup components that can be installed with the following commands:
 > rustup component add rust-src
 > rustup component add llvm-tools-preview
-
 ### Building
 run the following command (in the root directory of the project)
 > ./run.sh 
diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs b/lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs
index 584ed2e..45cf5e3 100644
--- a/lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs
+++ b/lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use spin::{Lazy, Mutex};
 use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;
 
-use lib_framebuffer::FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER;
+use lib_framebuffer::{FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER, Color};
 
 mod font;
 use font::FONT;
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ static FONT_HEIGHT: u32 = 16;
 
 pub static WRITER: Lazy<Mutex<Writer>> = Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new(Writer::new()));
 
+
+
 pub fn screensize_chars() -> (u32, u32) {
     let writer = WRITER.lock();
     (writer.screen_width, writer.screen_height)
@@ -71,10 +73,10 @@ impl Writer {
     
                     if line & (0x80 >> col) != 0 {
                         // write the foreground color
-                        writer.write_pixel(pixel_x as usize, pixel_y as usize, self.fg_color);
+                        writer.write_pixel(pixel_x as usize, pixel_y as usize, Color::RGB(255, 0, 0));
                     } else {
                         // write the background color
-                        writer.write_pixel(pixel_x as usize, pixel_y as usize, self.bg_color);
+                        writer.write_pixel(pixel_x as usize, pixel_y as usize, Color::HexARGB(self.bg_color));
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/colour.rs b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/colour.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7477864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/colour.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#[repr(u32)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub enum Color {
+    ARGB(u8, u8, u8, u8),
+    RGB(u8, u8, u8),
+    HexARGB(u32),
+    Black = 0x000000FF,
+    Blue = 0x0000FFFF,
+    Green = 0x00FF00FF,
+    Cyan = 0x00FFFFFF,
+    Red = 0xFF0000FF,
+    Magenta = 0xFF00FFFF,
+    Yellow = 0xFFFF00FF,
+    White = 0xFFFFFFFF,
+}
+
+impl Into<u32> for Color {
+    fn into(self) -> u32 {
+        match self {
+            Color::ARGB(a, r, g, b) => (a as u32) << 24 | (r as u32) << 16 | (g as u32) << 8 | (b as u32),
+            Color::RGB(r, g, b) => (0u32) << 24 | (r as u32) << 16 | (g as u32) << 8 | (b as u32),
+            Color::HexARGB(hex) => hex,
+            Color::Black => 0xFF000000,
+            Color::Blue => 0xFF0000FF, 
+            Color::Green => 0xFF00FF00, 
+            Color::Cyan => 0xFF00FFFF,
+            Color::Red => 0xFFFF0000,   
+            Color::Magenta => 0xFFFF00FF, 
+            Color::Yellow => 0xFFFFFF00, 
+            Color::White => 0xFFFFFFFF, 
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl core::fmt::Display for Color {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Color::ARGB(r, g, b, a) => write!(f, "RGBA(#{:x}{:x}{:x}{:x})", r, g, b, a),
+            Color::RGB(r, g, b) => write!(f, "RGB(#{:x}{:x}{:x})", r, g, b),
+            Color::HexARGB(hex) => write!(f, "Hex(#{:x})", hex),
+            Color::Black => write!(f, "Black"),
+            Color::Blue => write!(f, "Blue"),
+            Color::Green => write!(f, "Green"),
+            Color::Cyan => write!(f, "Cyan"),
+            Color::Red => write!(f, "Red"),
+            Color::Magenta => write!(f, "Magenta"),
+            Color::Yellow => write!(f, "Yellow"),
+            Color::White => write!(f, "White"),
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/draw.rs b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/draw.rs
index c2f0255..e69de29 100644
--- a/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/draw.rs
+++ b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/draw.rs
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-use core::panic;
-use limine::framebuffer::Framebuffer;
-use spin::{Mutex, Lazy};
-
-use crate::FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST;
-
-pub static FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER: Lazy<Mutex<Option<FramebufferWriter>>> = Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new(
-    if let Some(framebuffer_response) = FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST.get_response() {
-        let framebuffer = framebuffer_response.framebuffers().next().unwrap();
-        Some(FramebufferWriter::new(framebuffer))
-    } else {
-        panic!("Framebuffer request failed");
-    }
-));
-
-pub struct FramebufferWriter<'a> {
-    framebuffer: Framebuffer<'a>,
-}
-
-unsafe impl<'a> Send for FramebufferWriter<'a> {}
-unsafe impl<'a> Sync for FramebufferWriter<'a> {}
-impl<'a> FramebufferWriter<'a> {
-    pub fn new(framebuffer: Framebuffer<'a>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            framebuffer,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn write_pixel(&self, x: usize, y: usize, color: u32) {
-        let pitch = self.framebuffer.pitch() as usize;
-        let bpp = (self.framebuffer.bpp() / 8) as usize;
-        let pixel_offset = y * pitch + x * bpp;
-
-        unsafe {
-            *(self.framebuffer.addr().add(pixel_offset) as *mut u32) = color;
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn width(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.framebuffer.width() as u32
-    }
-
-    pub fn height(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.framebuffer.height() as u32
-    }
-
-    pub fn clear(&self) {
-        let width = self.framebuffer.width() as usize;
-        let height = self.framebuffer.height() as usize;
-
-        for y in 0..height {
-            for x in 0..width {
-                self.write_pixel(x, y, 0x000000);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/framebuffer.rs b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/framebuffer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d91287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/framebuffer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+use core::panic;
+use limine::framebuffer::Framebuffer;
+use spin::{Mutex, Lazy};
+
+use crate::{colour::Color, FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST};
+
+pub static FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER: Lazy<Mutex<Option<FramebufferWriter>>> = Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new(
+    if let Some(framebuffer_response) = FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST.get_response() {
+        let framebuffer = framebuffer_response.framebuffers().next().unwrap();
+        Some(FramebufferWriter::new(framebuffer))
+    } else {
+        panic!("Framebuffer request failed");
+    }
+));
+
+
+
+pub struct FramebufferWriter<'a> {
+    framebuffer: Framebuffer<'a>,
+}
+
+unsafe impl<'a> Send for FramebufferWriter<'a> {}
+unsafe impl<'a> Sync for FramebufferWriter<'a> {}
+impl<'a> FramebufferWriter<'a> {
+    pub fn new(framebuffer: Framebuffer<'a>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            framebuffer,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_pixel(&self, x: usize, y: usize, color: Color) {
+        let pitch = self.framebuffer.pitch() as usize;
+        let bpp = (self.framebuffer.bpp() / 8) as usize;
+        let pixel_offset = y * pitch + x * bpp;
+
+        unsafe {
+            *(self.framebuffer.addr().add(pixel_offset) as *mut u32) = color.into();
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn render_frame(&self, buffer: &[Color; 1280 * 800]) {
+        for (y, row) in buffer.chunks(1280).enumerate() {
+            for (x, pixel) in row.iter().enumerate() {
+                self.write_pixel(x, y, *pixel);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn width(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.framebuffer.width() as u32
+    }
+
+    pub fn height(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.framebuffer.height() as u32
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear(&self) {
+        let width = self.framebuffer.width() as usize;
+        let height = self.framebuffer.height() as usize;
+
+        for y in 0..height {
+            for x in 0..width {
+                self.write_pixel(x, y, Color::Black);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/lib.rs b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/lib.rs
index 61a28a3..5b16a7c 100644
--- a/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/lib.rs
+++ b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/lib.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ use limine::request::FramebufferRequest;
 #[link_section = ".requests"]
 static FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST: FramebufferRequest = FramebufferRequest::new();
 
-mod draw;
-pub use draw::FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER;
+mod framebuffer;
+mod colour;
+pub use framebuffer::FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER;
+pub use colour::Color;
 
 pub fn screensize_px() -> (u32, u32) {
     if let Some(writer) = FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER.lock().as_mut() {
diff --git a/scripts/run.sh b/scripts/run.sh
index 059a677..2cf05ad 100755
--- a/scripts/run.sh
+++ b/scripts/run.sh
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ info() {
 }
 
 compiling() {
-    echo -e "${GREEN}${BOLD}Compiling${NC} $1"
+    echo -e "${GREEN}${BOLD}Compiling${NC}: $1"
 }
 
 warning() {
@@ -30,7 +30,11 @@ warning() {
 }
 
 building() {
-    echo -e "${GREEN}${BOLD}Building${NC} $1"
+    echo -e "${GREEN}${BOLD}Building${NC}: $1"
+}
+
+copying() {
+    echo -e "${GREEN}${BOLD}  Copying${NC}: $1 to $2"
 }
 
 error() {
@@ -38,6 +42,11 @@ error() {
     exit 1
 }
 
+copy_file() {
+    copying $1 $2
+    cp "$1" "$2" || error $3
+}
+
 build_dir="$project_root/build"
 iso_root="$build_dir/iso_root"
 
@@ -83,12 +92,13 @@ fi
 
 # Copy files
 info "Copying files to ISO root"
-cp -v "$kernel_path" "$iso_root/boot/kernel" || error "failed to copy kernel"
-cp -v "$project_root/config/limine.conf" "$iso_root/boot/limine/limine.conf" || error "failed to copy limine config"
-cp -v "$build_dir/limine/limine-bios.sys" "$build_dir/limine/limine-bios-cd.bin" \
-      "$build_dir/limine/limine-uefi-cd.bin" "$iso_root/boot/limine/" || error "failed to copy limine files"
-cp -v "$build_dir/limine/BOOTX64.EFI" "$iso_root/EFI/BOOT/" || error "failed to copy BOOTX64.EFI"
-cp -v "$build_dir/limine/BOOTIA32.EFI" "$iso_root/EFI/BOOT/" || error "failed to copy BOOTIA32.EFI"
+copy_file "$kernel_path" "$iso_root/boot/kernel" "failed to copy kernel"
+copy_file "$project_root/config/limine.conf" "$iso_root/boot/limine/limine.conf" "failed to copy limine config"
+copy_file "$build_dir/limine/limine-bios-cd.bin" "$iso_root/boot/limine/" "failed to copy limine-bios-cd.bin"
+copy_file "$build_dir/limine/limine-uefi-cd.bin" "$iso_root/boot/limine/" "failed to copy limine-uefi-cd.bin"
+copy_file "$build_dir/limine/limine-bios.sys" "$iso_root/boot/limine/" "failed to copy limine-bios.sys"
+copy_file "$build_dir/limine/BOOTX64.EFI" "$iso_root/EFI/BOOT/" "failed to copy BOOTX64.EFI"
+copy_file "$build_dir/limine/BOOTIA32.EFI" "$iso_root/EFI/BOOT/" "failed to copy BOOTIA32.EFI"
 
 # Create ISO
 building "bootable ISO image"

From f0e25c7a5d8b6562c638b436474df35e59083635 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2025 16:13:06 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 06/41] started work on lib_application - progress limited as
 requires alloc support to make further progress

---
 Cargo.lock                             |  7 +++++++
 Cargo.toml                             |  2 +-
 kernel/src/main.rs                     |  6 +++++-
 lib/lib_application/Cargo.toml         |  7 +++++++
 lib/lib_application/src/application.rs | 10 ++++++++++
 lib/lib_application/src/frame.rs       |  0
 lib/lib_application/src/lib.rs         |  5 +++++
 lib/lib_application/src/window.rs      | 14 ++++++++++++++
 lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs              |  3 +++
 9 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 lib/lib_application/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 lib/lib_application/src/application.rs
 create mode 100644 lib/lib_application/src/frame.rs
 create mode 100644 lib/lib_application/src/lib.rs
 create mode 100644 lib/lib_application/src/window.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index fc3b11b..9dd5c5a 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -49,6 +49,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "spin",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "lib_application"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "lib_ascii",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lib_ascii"
 version = "0.1.0"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 8b3748c..0d17198 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ members = [
     "lib/lib_serial",
     "lib/lib_ascii",
     "kernel"
-]
+, "lib/lib_application"]
 resolver = "2"
 
 [workspace.package]
diff --git a/kernel/src/main.rs b/kernel/src/main.rs
index c6ae3fc..9e619b3 100644
--- a/kernel/src/main.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/main.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 use core::arch::asm;
 
 use lib_serial::{serial_println, serial_read};
-use lib_ascii::{println, WRITER};
+use lib_ascii::{print, println, WRITER};
 
 use limine::request::{RequestsEndMarker, RequestsStartMarker};
 use limine::BaseRevision;
@@ -63,6 +63,10 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
              \\______/  \\______/           \\_/    \\______|                              
     ");
 
+    for i in 0u8..128 {
+        print!("{}", i as char);
+    }
+
     hcf();
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/lib_application/Cargo.toml b/lib/lib_application/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef6aceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_application/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[package]
+name = "lib_application"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+lib_ascii = { path = "../lib_ascii" }
diff --git a/lib/lib_application/src/application.rs b/lib/lib_application/src/application.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..285c09e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_application/src/application.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+pub trait Application {
+    fn run(&mut self, args: [&'static str; 5]) -> Result<(), Error>;
+}
+
+pub enum Error {
+    OsError(&'static str),
+    ApplicationError(&'static str),
+}
+
diff --git a/lib/lib_application/src/frame.rs b/lib/lib_application/src/frame.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/lib/lib_application/src/lib.rs b/lib/lib_application/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8d59dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_application/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#![no_std]
+
+pub mod application;
+pub mod frame;
+pub mod window;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_application/src/window.rs b/lib/lib_application/src/window.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cecb3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_application/src/window.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+
+pub struct Window {
+    width: usize,
+    height: usize
+}
+
+impl Window {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            width: 0,
+            height: 0
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs b/lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs
index 0cd6ba4..be7a194 100644
--- a/lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs
+++ b/lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+
+
+
 pub static FONT: [u8; 128 * 16] = [
     // ASCII 0-31 (Control Characters) - Using simple box patterns
     // NUL (0)

From cc56dc807259387da6388f9f2090509ae76cb4f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 00:58:40 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 07/41] idk

---
 lib/lib_application/Cargo.toml         |   7 -
 lib/lib_application/src/application.rs |  10 -
 lib/lib_application/src/frame.rs       |   0
 lib/lib_application/src/lib.rs         |   5 -
 lib/lib_application/src/window.rs      |  14 -
 lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs              | 491 +++++++++++++++----------
 lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs               |  54 +--
 7 files changed, 319 insertions(+), 262 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_application/Cargo.toml
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_application/src/application.rs
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_application/src/frame.rs
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_application/src/lib.rs
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_application/src/window.rs

diff --git a/lib/lib_application/Cargo.toml b/lib/lib_application/Cargo.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index ef6aceb..0000000
--- a/lib/lib_application/Cargo.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "lib_application"
-version.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-lib_ascii = { path = "../lib_ascii" }
diff --git a/lib/lib_application/src/application.rs b/lib/lib_application/src/application.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 285c09e..0000000
--- a/lib/lib_application/src/application.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-
-pub trait Application {
-    fn run(&mut self, args: [&'static str; 5]) -> Result<(), Error>;
-}
-
-pub enum Error {
-    OsError(&'static str),
-    ApplicationError(&'static str),
-}
-
diff --git a/lib/lib_application/src/frame.rs b/lib/lib_application/src/frame.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/lib/lib_application/src/lib.rs b/lib/lib_application/src/lib.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index e8d59dd..0000000
--- a/lib/lib_application/src/lib.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#![no_std]
-
-pub mod application;
-pub mod frame;
-pub mod window;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_application/src/window.rs b/lib/lib_application/src/window.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 1cecb3c..0000000
--- a/lib/lib_application/src/window.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-
-pub struct Window {
-    width: usize,
-    height: usize
-}
-
-impl Window {
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            width: 0,
-            height: 0
-        }
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs b/lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs
index be7a194..94a37b8 100644
--- a/lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs
+++ b/lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs
@@ -1,203 +1,290 @@
-
-
-
-pub static FONT: [u8; 128 * 16] = [
-    // ASCII 0-31 (Control Characters) - Using simple box patterns
-    // NUL (0)
-    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
-    // SOH (1)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
-    // STX (2)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
-    // ETX (3)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
-    // EOT (4)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
-    // ENQ (5)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
-    // ACK (6)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
-    // BEL (7)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
-    // BS (8)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
-    // HT (9)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
-    // LF (10)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18,
-    // VT (11)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18,
-    // FF (12)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C,
-    // CR (13)
-    0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E,
-    // SO (14)
-    0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
-    // SI (15)
-    0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
-    // DLE (16)
-    0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
-    // DC1 (17)
-    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
-    // DC2 (18)
-    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
-    // DC3 (19)
-    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
-    // DC4 (20)
-    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
-    // NAK (21)
-    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
-    // SYN (22)
-    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
-    // ETB (23)
-    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
-    // CAN (24)
-    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
-    // EM (25)
-    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF, 0xFF,
-    // SUB (26)
-    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0xFF,
-    // ESC (27)
-    0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18,
-    // FS (28)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
-    // GS (29)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
-    // RS (30)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x18, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
-    // US (31)
-    0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
-    // Space (32)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // ! (33)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // " (34)
-    0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // # (35)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // $ (36)
-    0x18, 0x18, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC2, 0xC0, 0x7C, 0x06, 0x86, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // % (37)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC6, 0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // & (38)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x76, 0xDC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // ' (39)
-    0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // ( (40)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // ) (41)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // * (42)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x3C, 0xFF, 0x3C, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // + (43)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // , (44)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // - (45)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // . (46)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // / (47)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // 0-9 (48-57)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x38, 0x78, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x06, 0x3C, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x0C, 0x1C, 0x3C, 0x6C, 0xCC, 0xFE, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xFC, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x60, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xFC, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7E, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // : (58)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // ; (59)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // < (60)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // = (61)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // > (62)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x06, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // ? (63)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // @ (64)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xDE, 0xDE, 0xDE, 0xDC, 0xC0, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // A-Z (65-90)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0xFC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0xC2, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC2, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xF8, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x6C, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x66, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x60, 0x62, 0x66, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x66, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x66, 0xC2, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xDE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x66, 0x3A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x1E, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xE6, 0x66, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x78, 0x78, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x62, 0x66, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xEE, 0xFE, 0xFE, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xE6, 0xF6, 0xFE, 0xDE, 0xCE, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xDE, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xFC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x60, 0x38, 0x0C, 0x06, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x5A, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xFE, 0xEE, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x7C, 0x38, 0x38, 0x7C, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xC6, 0x86, 0x0C, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // [ (91)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // \ (92)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0x70, 0x38, 0x1C, 0x0E, 0x06, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // ] (93)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // ^ (94)
-    0x10, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // _ (95)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // ` (96)
-    0x30, 0x18, 0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // a-z (97-122) - lowercase letters
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x0C, 0x7C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x78, 0x6C, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x3C, 0x6C, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6C, 0x64, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0xCC, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x6C, 0x76, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x38, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x06, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0xE0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x66, 0x6C, 0x78, 0x78, 0x6C, 0x66, 0xE6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xEC, 0xFE, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x7C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x1E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xDC, 0x76, 0x66, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xF0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xC6, 0x60, 0x38, 0x0C, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x30, 0x30, 0xFC, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x36, 0x1C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xD6, 0xD6, 0xFE, 0x6C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0x6C, 0x38, 0x38, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0x7E, 0x06, 0xC6, 0x7C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0xCC, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // { (123)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x0E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x70, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // | (124)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // } (125)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x70, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x0E, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // ~ (126)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xDC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-    // DEL (127)
-    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x6C, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xC6, 0xFE, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+pub static FONT: [u8; 288 * 16] = [
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 0
+    0x00,0x00,0x3f,0x33,0x3f,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x70,0xf0,0xe0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 1
+    0x00,0x00,0x7e,0x81,0xa5,0x81,0x81,0xbd,0x99,0x81,0x81,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 2
+    0x00,0x00,0x7e,0xff,0xdb,0xff,0xff,0xc3,0xe7,0xff,0xff,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 3
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x6c,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0x7c,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 4
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x7c,0xfe,0x7c,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 5
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x3c,0xe7,0xe7,0xe7,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 6
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0xff,0xff,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 7
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 8
+    0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xe7,0xc3,0xc3,0xe7,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, // 9
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0x42,0x42,0x66,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 10
+    0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xc3,0x99,0xbd,0xbd,0x99,0xc3,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, // 11
+    0x00,0x00,0x1e,0x0e,0x1a,0x32,0x78,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x78,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 12
+    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x18,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 13
+    0x00,0x00,0x7f,0x63,0x7f,0x63,0x63,0x63,0x63,0x67,0xe7,0xe6,0xc0,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 14
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0xdb,0x3c,0xe7,0x3c,0xdb,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 15
+    0x00,0x80,0xc0,0xe0,0xf0,0xf8,0xfe,0xf8,0xf0,0xe0,0xc0,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 16
+    0x00,0x02,0x06,0x0e,0x1e,0x3e,0xfe,0x3e,0x1e,0x0e,0x06,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 17
+    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 18
+    0x00,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 19
+    0x00,0x00,0x7f,0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0x7b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 20
+    0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0x60,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0x6c,0x38,0x0c,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 21
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 22
+    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x3c,0x18,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 23
+    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 24
+    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 25
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x0c,0xfe,0x0c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 26
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x60,0xfe,0x60,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 27
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 28
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x28,0x6c,0xfe,0x6c,0x28,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 29
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x38,0x7c,0x7c,0xfe,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 30
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xfe,0x7c,0x7c,0x38,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 31
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 32
+    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x3c,0x3c,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 33
+    0x00,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x24,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 34
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x6c,0x6c,0xfe,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0xfe,0x6c,0x6c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 35
+    0x18,0x18,0x7c,0xc6,0xc2,0xc0,0x7c,0x06,0x06,0x86,0xc6,0x7c,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00, // 36
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xc2,0xc6,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xc6,0x86,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 37
+    0x00,0x00,0x38,0x6c,0x6c,0x38,0x76,0xdc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 38
+    0x00,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 39
+    0x00,0x00,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x18,0x0c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 40
+    0x00,0x00,0x30,0x18,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 41
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x66,0x3c,0xff,0x3c,0x66,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 42
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 43
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 44
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 45
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 46
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x02,0x06,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xc0,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 47
+    0x00,0x00,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xd6,0xd6,0xc6,0xc6,0x6c,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 48
+    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x38,0x78,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 49
+    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0x06,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xc0,0xc6,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 50
+    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0x06,0x06,0x3c,0x06,0x06,0x06,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 51
+    0x00,0x00,0x0c,0x1c,0x3c,0x6c,0xcc,0xfe,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x1e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 52
+    0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xfc,0x06,0x06,0x06,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 53
+    0x00,0x00,0x38,0x60,0xc0,0xc0,0xfc,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 54
+    0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xc6,0x06,0x06,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 55
+    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 56
+    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7e,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x0c,0x78,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 57
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 58
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 59
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x06,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x0c,0x06,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 60
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 61
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x0c,0x06,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 62
+    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0x0c,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 63
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xde,0xde,0xde,0xdc,0xc0,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 64
+    0x00,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xfe,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 65
+    0x00,0x00,0xfc,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7c,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0xfc,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 66
+    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0xc2,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc2,0x66,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 67
+    0x00,0x00,0xf8,0x6c,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x6c,0xf8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 68
+    0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x66,0x62,0x68,0x78,0x68,0x60,0x62,0x66,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 69
+    0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x66,0x62,0x68,0x78,0x68,0x60,0x60,0x60,0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 70
+    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0xc2,0xc0,0xc0,0xde,0xc6,0xc6,0x66,0x3a,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 71
+    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xfe,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 72
+    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 73
+    0x00,0x00,0x1e,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x78,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 74
+    0x00,0x00,0xe6,0x66,0x66,0x6c,0x78,0x78,0x6c,0x66,0x66,0xe6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 75
+    0x00,0x00,0xf0,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x62,0x66,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 76
+    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xee,0xfe,0xfe,0xd6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 77
+    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xe6,0xf6,0xfe,0xde,0xce,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 78
+    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 79
+    0x00,0x00,0xfc,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7c,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 80
+    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xd6,0xde,0x7c,0x0c,0x0e,0x00,0x00, // 81
+    0x00,0x00,0xfc,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7c,0x6c,0x66,0x66,0x66,0xe6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 82
+    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0x60,0x38,0x0c,0x06,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 83
+    0x00,0x00,0x7e,0x7e,0x5a,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 84
+    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 85
+    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x6c,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 86
+    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xfe,0xee,0x6c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 87
+    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0x6c,0x7c,0x38,0x38,0x7c,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 88
+    0x00,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 89
+    0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xc6,0x86,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xc2,0xc6,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 90
+    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 91
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0xc0,0xe0,0x70,0x38,0x1c,0x0e,0x06,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 92
+    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 93
+    0x10,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 94
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00, // 95
+    0x30,0x30,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 96
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x78,0x0c,0x7c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 97
+    0x00,0x00,0xe0,0x60,0x60,0x78,0x6c,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 98
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 99
+    0x00,0x00,0x1c,0x0c,0x0c,0x3c,0x6c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 100
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xfe,0xc0,0xc0,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 101
+    0x00,0x00,0x38,0x6c,0x64,0x60,0xf0,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 102
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x76,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x7c,0x0c,0xcc,0x78,0x00, // 103
+    0x00,0x00,0xe0,0x60,0x60,0x6c,0x76,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0xe6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 104
+    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x38,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 105
+    0x00,0x00,0x06,0x06,0x00,0x0e,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x00, // 106
+    0x00,0x00,0xe0,0x60,0x60,0x66,0x6c,0x78,0x78,0x6c,0x66,0xe6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 107
+    0x00,0x00,0x38,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 108
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xec,0xfe,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 109
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xdc,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 110
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 111
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xdc,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7c,0x60,0x60,0xf0,0x00, // 112
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x76,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x7c,0x0c,0x0c,0x1e,0x00, // 113
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xdc,0x76,0x66,0x60,0x60,0x60,0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 114
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0x60,0x38,0x0c,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 115
+    0x00,0x00,0x10,0x30,0x30,0xfc,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x36,0x1c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 116
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 117
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 118
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xfe,0x6c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 119
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xc6,0x6c,0x38,0x38,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 120
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7e,0x06,0x0c,0xf8,0x00, // 121
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xcc,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xc6,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 122
+    0x00,0x00,0x0e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x70,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x0e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 123
+    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 124
+    0x00,0x00,0x70,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x0e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 125
+    0x00,0x00,0x76,0xdc,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 126
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 127
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 128
+    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x3c,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 129
+    0x00,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x66,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x66,0x3c,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 130
+    0x00,0x38,0x6c,0x64,0x60,0xf0,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0xe6,0xfc,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 131
+    0x00,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x18,0x7e,0x18,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 132
+    0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0x60,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0x6c,0x38,0x0c,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 133
+    0x00,0x3c,0x6c,0x6c,0x3e,0x00,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 134
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x36,0x6c,0xd8,0x6c,0x36,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 135
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 136
+    0x00,0x38,0x6c,0x6c,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 137
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 138
+    0x00,0x70,0xd8,0x30,0x60,0xc8,0xf8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 139
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7c,0x60,0x60,0xc0,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 140
+    0x00,0x00,0x7f,0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0x7b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 141
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 142
+    0x00,0x38,0x6c,0x6c,0x38,0x00,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 143
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xd8,0x6c,0x36,0x6c,0xd8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 144
+    0x00,0xc0,0xc0,0xc2,0xc6,0xcc,0x18,0x30,0x66,0xce,0x9e,0x3e,0x06,0x06,0x00,0x00, // 145
+    0x00,0xc0,0xc0,0xc2,0xc6,0xcc,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xdc,0x86,0x0c,0x18,0x3e,0x00,0x00, // 146
+    0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x60,0xc0,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 147
+    0x00,0xc6,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xfe,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 148
+    0x38,0x6c,0x38,0x00,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xfe,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 149
+    0x00,0x00,0x3e,0x6c,0xcc,0xcc,0xfe,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xce,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 150
+    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0xc2,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc2,0x66,0x3c,0x0c,0x06,0x7c,0x00,0x00, // 151
+    0x18,0x30,0x60,0x00,0xfe,0x66,0x60,0x7c,0x60,0x60,0x66,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 152
+    0x76,0xdc,0x00,0xc6,0xe6,0xf6,0xfe,0xde,0xce,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 153
+    0x00,0xc6,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 154
+    0x00,0xc6,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 155
+    0x00,0x00,0x78,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xd8,0xcc,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xcc,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 156
+    0x00,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x00,0x78,0x0c,0x7c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 157
+    0x00,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x00,0x78,0x0c,0x7c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 158
+    0x00,0x10,0x38,0x6c,0x00,0x78,0x0c,0x7c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 159
+    0x00,0x00,0xcc,0x00,0x00,0x78,0x0c,0x7c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 160
+    0x00,0x38,0x6c,0x38,0x00,0x78,0x0c,0x7c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 161
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xcc,0x76,0x36,0x7e,0xd8,0xd8,0x6e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 162
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0x60,0x60,0x66,0x3c,0x0c,0x06,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 163
+    0x00,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xfe,0xc0,0xc0,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 164
+    0x00,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xfe,0xc0,0xc0,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 165
+    0x00,0x10,0x38,0x6c,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xfe,0xc0,0xc0,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 166
+    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xfe,0xc0,0xc0,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 167
+    0x00,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x00,0x38,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 168
+    0x00,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x00,0x38,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 169
+    0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x66,0x00,0x38,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 170
+    0x00,0x00,0x66,0x00,0x00,0x38,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 171
+    0x00,0x00,0x76,0xdc,0x00,0xdc,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 172
+    0x00,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 173
+    0x00,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 174
+    0x00,0x10,0x38,0x6c,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 175
+    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 176
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x7e,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 177
+    0x00,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x00,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 178
+    0x00,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x00,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 179
+    0x00,0x30,0x78,0xcc,0x00,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 180
+    0x00,0x00,0xcc,0x00,0x00,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 181
+    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7e,0x06,0x0c,0x78,0x00, // 182
+    0x00,0x0e,0x1b,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xd8,0x70,0x00,0x00, // 183
+    0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xc6,0xc6,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 184
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xfe,0xc6,0xc6,0x6c,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 185
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xc6,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xc6,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 186
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7e,0x18,0x3c,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x18,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 187
+    0x00,0x00,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0xee,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 188
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x76,0xdc,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0xdc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 189
+    0x00,0x00,0x1e,0x30,0x18,0x0c,0x3e,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 190
+    0x00,0x00,0x1c,0x30,0x60,0x60,0x7c,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x30,0x1c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 191
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 192
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7e,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 193
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x76,0xdc,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 194
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0x06,0x7e,0xdb,0xdb,0xf3,0x7e,0x60,0xc0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 195
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 196
+    0x00,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 197
+    0x00,0xd8,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 198
+    0x00,0xf8,0xcc,0xcc,0xf8,0xc4,0xcc,0xde,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 199
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x60,0xfe,0x60,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 200
+    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 201
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x0c,0xfe,0x0c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 202
+    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 203
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x28,0x6c,0xfe,0x6c,0x28,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 204
+    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 205
+    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x3c,0x18,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 206
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 207
+    0x00,0x0f,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0xec,0x6c,0x6c,0x3c,0x1c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 208
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7e,0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 209
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 210
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 211
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x76,0xdc,0x00,0x76,0xdc,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 212
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 213
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x0c,0x00,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 214
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x18,0x0c,0x06,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x00,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 215
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 216
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 217
+    0x00,0x00,0x0e,0x1b,0x1b,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 218
+    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 219
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 220
+    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 221
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1f,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 222
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xf8,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 223
+    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x1f,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 224
+    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xf8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 225
+    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x1f,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 226
+    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xf8,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 227
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 228
+    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 229
+    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xff,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 230
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 231
+    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 232
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1f,0x18,0x1f,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 233
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 234
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0x30,0x37,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 235
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xf8,0x18,0xf8,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 236
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 237
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x06,0xf6,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 238
+    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x1f,0x18,0x1f,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 239
+    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x3f,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 240
+    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x37,0x30,0x3f,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 241
+    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xf8,0x18,0xf8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 242
+    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 243
+    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xf6,0x06,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 244
+    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x1f,0x18,0x1f,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 245
+    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x37,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 246
+    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x37,0x30,0x37,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 247
+    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xf8,0x18,0xf8,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 248
+    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xf6,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 249
+    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xf6,0x06,0xf6,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 250
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x00,0xff,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 251
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 252
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x00,0xf7,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 253
+    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xff,0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 254
+    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 255
+    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xf7,0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 256
+    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xff,0x18,0xff,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 257
+    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xff,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 258
+    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xf7,0x00,0xf7,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 259
+    0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 260
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, // 261
+    0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, // 262
+    0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0, // 263
+    0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f, // 264
+    0x11,0x44,0x11,0x44,0x11,0x44,0x11,0x44,0x11,0x44,0x11,0x44,0x11,0x44,0x11,0x44, // 265
+    0x55,0xaa,0x55,0xaa,0x55,0xaa,0x55,0xaa,0x55,0xaa,0x55,0xaa,0x55,0xaa,0x55,0xaa, // 266
+    0xdd,0x77,0xdd,0x77,0xdd,0x77,0xdd,0x77,0xdd,0x77,0xdd,0x77,0xdd,0x77,0xdd,0x77, // 267
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 268
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 269
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x38,0x7c,0x7c,0xfe,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 270
+    0x00,0x80,0xc0,0xe0,0xf0,0xf8,0xfe,0xf8,0xf0,0xe0,0xc0,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 271
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xfe,0x7c,0x7c,0x38,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 272
+    0x00,0x02,0x06,0x0e,0x1e,0x3e,0xfe,0x3e,0x1e,0x0e,0x06,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 273
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0x42,0x42,0x66,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 274
+    0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xe7,0xc3,0xc3,0xe7,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, // 275
+    0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xc3,0x99,0xbd,0xbd,0x99,0xc3,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, // 276
+    0x00,0x00,0x7e,0x81,0xa5,0x81,0x81,0xbd,0x99,0x81,0x81,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 277
+    0x00,0x00,0x7e,0xff,0xdb,0xff,0xff,0xc3,0xe7,0xff,0xff,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 278
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0xdb,0x3c,0xe7,0x3c,0xdb,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 279
+    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x18,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 280
+    0x00,0x00,0x1e,0x0e,0x1a,0x32,0x78,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x78,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 281
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0xff,0xff,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 282
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x3c,0xe7,0xe7,0xe7,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 283
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x6c,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0x7c,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 284
+    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x7c,0xfe,0x7c,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 285
+    0x00,0x00,0x3f,0x33,0x3f,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x70,0xf0,0xe0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 286
+    0x00,0x00,0x7f,0x63,0x7f,0x63,0x63,0x63,0x63,0x67,0xe7,0xe6,0xc0,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 287
 ];
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs b/lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs
index 45cf5e3..2a81054 100644
--- a/lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs
+++ b/lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs
@@ -30,8 +30,11 @@ pub struct Writer {
     text_line: u32, // 16 pixels tall
     text_col: u32,  // 8 pixels wide
 
-    fg_color: u32,
-    bg_color: u32
+    fg_color: Color,
+    bg_color: Color,
+
+    offset1: usize,
+    offset2: usize
 }
 
 impl Writer {
@@ -43,26 +46,24 @@ impl Writer {
                 screen_height: writer.height() as u32 / 16,
                 text_line: 0,
                 text_col: 0,
-                fg_color: 0xFFFFFF,
-                bg_color: 0x000000
+                fg_color: Color::White,
+                bg_color: Color::Black,
+                offset1: 16,
+                offset2: 0
             }
         } else {
             panic!("Framebuffer writer not initialized");
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn write_char(&mut self, mut c: u8) {
-        if c == b'\n' {
+    pub fn write_char(&mut self, mut c: u16) {
+        if c as u8 == b'\n' {
             self.newline();
             return;
         }
 
-        if c < 32 || c > 126 {
-            c = '?' as u8;
-        }
-
         // get the character data from the font array. -- each byte is a row of pixels
-        let data: &[u8] = &FONT[c as usize * 16..(c as usize + 1) * 16];
+        let data: &[u8] = &FONT[c as usize * 16 ..(c as usize + 1) * 16];
 
         if let Some(writer) = FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER.lock().as_mut() {
             for row in 0..16 {
@@ -73,10 +74,10 @@ impl Writer {
     
                     if line & (0x80 >> col) != 0 {
                         // write the foreground color
-                        writer.write_pixel(pixel_x as usize, pixel_y as usize, Color::RGB(255, 0, 0));
+                        writer.write_pixel(pixel_x as usize, pixel_y as usize, self.fg_color);
                     } else {
                         // write the background color
-                        writer.write_pixel(pixel_x as usize, pixel_y as usize, Color::HexARGB(self.bg_color));
+                        writer.write_pixel(pixel_x as usize, pixel_y as usize, self.bg_color);
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -90,6 +91,11 @@ impl Writer {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn set_offset(&mut self, offset1: usize, offset2: usize) {
+        self.offset1 = offset1;
+        self.offset2 = offset2;
+    }
+
     pub fn dimensions(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
         (self.screen_width, self.screen_height)
     }
@@ -110,18 +116,18 @@ impl Writer {
 
     pub fn write_string(&mut self, s: &str) {
         for c in s.chars() {
-            self.write_char(c as u8);
+            self.write_char(c as u16);
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn set_colour(&mut self, col: (u32, u32)) {
-        self.fg_color = col.0;
-        self.bg_color = col.1;
+    pub fn set_colour(&mut self, fg: Color, bg: Color) {
+        self.fg_color = fg;
+        self.bg_color = bg;
     }
 
     pub fn reset_colour(&mut self) {
-        self.fg_color = 0xFFFFFF;
-        self.bg_color = 0x000000;
+        self.fg_color = Color::White;
+        self.bg_color = Color::Black;
     }
 }
 
@@ -132,27 +138,27 @@ impl core::fmt::Write for Writer {
     }
 }
 
-fn write(args: fmt::Arguments, fg_color: u32, bg_color: u32) {
+fn write(args: fmt::Arguments, fg: Color, bg: Color) {
     use core::fmt::Write;
 
     interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
         let mut writer = WRITER.lock();
-        writer.set_colour((fg_color, bg_color));
+        writer.set_colour(fg, bg);
         writer.write_fmt(args).unwrap();
         writer.reset_colour();
     });
 }
 
 pub fn _print(args: fmt::Arguments) {
-    write(args, 0xFFFFFF, 0x000000);
+    write(args, Color::White, Color::Black);
 }
 
 pub fn _printerr(args: fmt::Arguments) {
-    write(args, 0xFF8080, 0x000000);
+    write(args, Color::Red, Color::Black);
 }
 
 pub fn _log(args: fmt::Arguments) {
-    write(args, 0xFFFF00, 0x000000);
+    write(args, Color::Yellow, Color::Black);
 }
 
 pub fn clear_screen() {

From d9f6b4b69a86fb6328a86907050bffcd0dced832 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 00:58:51 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 08/41] e

---
 .gitmodules         | 3 +++
 lib/lib_application | 1 +
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .gitmodules
 create mode 160000 lib/lib_application

diff --git a/.gitmodules b/.gitmodules
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..215210b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitmodules
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[submodule "lib/lib_application"]
+	path = lib/lib_application
+	url = https://git.zxq5.dev/OsDev/FoundryOS-lib_application.git
diff --git a/lib/lib_application b/lib/lib_application
new file mode 160000
index 0000000..df1cbd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_application
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit df1cbd1170723ad75045052dec5b2641fb154591

From 16d94f37cb30e875b6fe0e4530cb15e57bfd6840 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 01:05:18 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 09/41] moving libs to submodules

---
 lib/lib_ascii/Cargo.toml               |  10 -
 lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs              | 290 -------------------------
 lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs               | 207 ------------------
 lib/lib_framebuffer/Cargo.toml         |   8 -
 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/colour.rs      |  51 -----
 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/draw.rs        |   0
 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/framebuffer.rs |  67 ------
 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/lib.rs         |  20 --
 lib/lib_serial/Cargo.toml              |  10 -
 lib/lib_serial/src/io.rs               |  23 --
 lib/lib_serial/src/lib.rs              | 157 -------------
 11 files changed, 843 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_ascii/Cargo.toml
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_framebuffer/Cargo.toml
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/colour.rs
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/draw.rs
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/framebuffer.rs
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_framebuffer/src/lib.rs
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_serial/Cargo.toml
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_serial/src/io.rs
 delete mode 100644 lib/lib_serial/src/lib.rs

diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii/Cargo.toml b/lib/lib_ascii/Cargo.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index 674cb7c..0000000
--- a/lib/lib_ascii/Cargo.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "lib_ascii"
-version.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-lazy_static = { version = "1.5.0", default-features = false, features = ["spin_no_std"] }
-lib_framebuffer = { path = "../lib_framebuffer" }
-spin = "0.9.8"
-x86_64 = "0.15.2"
diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs b/lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 94a37b8..0000000
--- a/lib/lib_ascii/src/font.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,290 +0,0 @@
-pub static FONT: [u8; 288 * 16] = [
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 0
-    0x00,0x00,0x3f,0x33,0x3f,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x70,0xf0,0xe0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 1
-    0x00,0x00,0x7e,0x81,0xa5,0x81,0x81,0xbd,0x99,0x81,0x81,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 2
-    0x00,0x00,0x7e,0xff,0xdb,0xff,0xff,0xc3,0xe7,0xff,0xff,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 3
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x6c,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0x7c,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 4
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x7c,0xfe,0x7c,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 5
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x3c,0xe7,0xe7,0xe7,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 6
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0xff,0xff,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 7
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 8
-    0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xe7,0xc3,0xc3,0xe7,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, // 9
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0x42,0x42,0x66,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 10
-    0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xc3,0x99,0xbd,0xbd,0x99,0xc3,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, // 11
-    0x00,0x00,0x1e,0x0e,0x1a,0x32,0x78,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x78,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 12
-    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x18,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 13
-    0x00,0x00,0x7f,0x63,0x7f,0x63,0x63,0x63,0x63,0x67,0xe7,0xe6,0xc0,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 14
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0xdb,0x3c,0xe7,0x3c,0xdb,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 15
-    0x00,0x80,0xc0,0xe0,0xf0,0xf8,0xfe,0xf8,0xf0,0xe0,0xc0,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 16
-    0x00,0x02,0x06,0x0e,0x1e,0x3e,0xfe,0x3e,0x1e,0x0e,0x06,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 17
-    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 18
-    0x00,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 19
-    0x00,0x00,0x7f,0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0x7b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 20
-    0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0x60,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0x6c,0x38,0x0c,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 21
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 22
-    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x3c,0x18,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 23
-    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 24
-    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 25
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x0c,0xfe,0x0c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 26
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x60,0xfe,0x60,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 27
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 28
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x28,0x6c,0xfe,0x6c,0x28,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 29
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x38,0x7c,0x7c,0xfe,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 30
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xfe,0x7c,0x7c,0x38,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 31
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 32
-    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x3c,0x3c,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 33
-    0x00,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x24,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 34
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x6c,0x6c,0xfe,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0xfe,0x6c,0x6c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 35
-    0x18,0x18,0x7c,0xc6,0xc2,0xc0,0x7c,0x06,0x06,0x86,0xc6,0x7c,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00, // 36
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xc2,0xc6,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xc6,0x86,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 37
-    0x00,0x00,0x38,0x6c,0x6c,0x38,0x76,0xdc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 38
-    0x00,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 39
-    0x00,0x00,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x18,0x0c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 40
-    0x00,0x00,0x30,0x18,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 41
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x66,0x3c,0xff,0x3c,0x66,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 42
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 43
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 44
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 45
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 46
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x02,0x06,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xc0,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 47
-    0x00,0x00,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xd6,0xd6,0xc6,0xc6,0x6c,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 48
-    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x38,0x78,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 49
-    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0x06,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xc0,0xc6,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 50
-    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0x06,0x06,0x3c,0x06,0x06,0x06,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 51
-    0x00,0x00,0x0c,0x1c,0x3c,0x6c,0xcc,0xfe,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x1e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 52
-    0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xfc,0x06,0x06,0x06,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 53
-    0x00,0x00,0x38,0x60,0xc0,0xc0,0xfc,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 54
-    0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xc6,0x06,0x06,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 55
-    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 56
-    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7e,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x0c,0x78,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 57
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 58
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 59
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x06,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x0c,0x06,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 60
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 61
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x0c,0x06,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 62
-    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0x0c,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 63
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xde,0xde,0xde,0xdc,0xc0,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 64
-    0x00,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xfe,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 65
-    0x00,0x00,0xfc,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7c,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0xfc,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 66
-    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0xc2,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc2,0x66,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 67
-    0x00,0x00,0xf8,0x6c,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x6c,0xf8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 68
-    0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x66,0x62,0x68,0x78,0x68,0x60,0x62,0x66,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 69
-    0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x66,0x62,0x68,0x78,0x68,0x60,0x60,0x60,0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 70
-    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0xc2,0xc0,0xc0,0xde,0xc6,0xc6,0x66,0x3a,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 71
-    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xfe,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 72
-    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 73
-    0x00,0x00,0x1e,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x78,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 74
-    0x00,0x00,0xe6,0x66,0x66,0x6c,0x78,0x78,0x6c,0x66,0x66,0xe6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 75
-    0x00,0x00,0xf0,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x62,0x66,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 76
-    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xee,0xfe,0xfe,0xd6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 77
-    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xe6,0xf6,0xfe,0xde,0xce,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 78
-    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 79
-    0x00,0x00,0xfc,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7c,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 80
-    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xd6,0xde,0x7c,0x0c,0x0e,0x00,0x00, // 81
-    0x00,0x00,0xfc,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7c,0x6c,0x66,0x66,0x66,0xe6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 82
-    0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0x60,0x38,0x0c,0x06,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 83
-    0x00,0x00,0x7e,0x7e,0x5a,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 84
-    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 85
-    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x6c,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 86
-    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xfe,0xee,0x6c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 87
-    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0x6c,0x7c,0x38,0x38,0x7c,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 88
-    0x00,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 89
-    0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xc6,0x86,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xc2,0xc6,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 90
-    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 91
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0xc0,0xe0,0x70,0x38,0x1c,0x0e,0x06,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 92
-    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 93
-    0x10,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 94
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00, // 95
-    0x30,0x30,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 96
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x78,0x0c,0x7c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 97
-    0x00,0x00,0xe0,0x60,0x60,0x78,0x6c,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 98
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 99
-    0x00,0x00,0x1c,0x0c,0x0c,0x3c,0x6c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 100
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xfe,0xc0,0xc0,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 101
-    0x00,0x00,0x38,0x6c,0x64,0x60,0xf0,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 102
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x76,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x7c,0x0c,0xcc,0x78,0x00, // 103
-    0x00,0x00,0xe0,0x60,0x60,0x6c,0x76,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0xe6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 104
-    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x38,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 105
-    0x00,0x00,0x06,0x06,0x00,0x0e,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x00, // 106
-    0x00,0x00,0xe0,0x60,0x60,0x66,0x6c,0x78,0x78,0x6c,0x66,0xe6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 107
-    0x00,0x00,0x38,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 108
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xec,0xfe,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 109
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xdc,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 110
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 111
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xdc,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7c,0x60,0x60,0xf0,0x00, // 112
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x76,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x7c,0x0c,0x0c,0x1e,0x00, // 113
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xdc,0x76,0x66,0x60,0x60,0x60,0xf0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 114
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0x60,0x38,0x0c,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 115
-    0x00,0x00,0x10,0x30,0x30,0xfc,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x36,0x1c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 116
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 117
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 118
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xd6,0xd6,0xd6,0xfe,0x6c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 119
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xc6,0x6c,0x38,0x38,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 120
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7e,0x06,0x0c,0xf8,0x00, // 121
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xcc,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xc6,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 122
-    0x00,0x00,0x0e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x70,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x0e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 123
-    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 124
-    0x00,0x00,0x70,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x0e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 125
-    0x00,0x00,0x76,0xdc,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 126
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 127
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 128
-    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x3c,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 129
-    0x00,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x66,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x66,0x3c,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 130
-    0x00,0x38,0x6c,0x64,0x60,0xf0,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x60,0xe6,0xfc,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 131
-    0x00,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x18,0x7e,0x18,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 132
-    0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0x60,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0x6c,0x38,0x0c,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 133
-    0x00,0x3c,0x6c,0x6c,0x3e,0x00,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 134
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x36,0x6c,0xd8,0x6c,0x36,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 135
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 136
-    0x00,0x38,0x6c,0x6c,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 137
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 138
-    0x00,0x70,0xd8,0x30,0x60,0xc8,0xf8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 139
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x7c,0x60,0x60,0xc0,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 140
-    0x00,0x00,0x7f,0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0x7b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x1b,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 141
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 142
-    0x00,0x38,0x6c,0x6c,0x38,0x00,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 143
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xd8,0x6c,0x36,0x6c,0xd8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 144
-    0x00,0xc0,0xc0,0xc2,0xc6,0xcc,0x18,0x30,0x66,0xce,0x9e,0x3e,0x06,0x06,0x00,0x00, // 145
-    0x00,0xc0,0xc0,0xc2,0xc6,0xcc,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xdc,0x86,0x0c,0x18,0x3e,0x00,0x00, // 146
-    0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x60,0xc0,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 147
-    0x00,0xc6,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xfe,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 148
-    0x38,0x6c,0x38,0x00,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xfe,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 149
-    0x00,0x00,0x3e,0x6c,0xcc,0xcc,0xfe,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xce,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 150
-    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0xc2,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc2,0x66,0x3c,0x0c,0x06,0x7c,0x00,0x00, // 151
-    0x18,0x30,0x60,0x00,0xfe,0x66,0x60,0x7c,0x60,0x60,0x66,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 152
-    0x76,0xdc,0x00,0xc6,0xe6,0xf6,0xfe,0xde,0xce,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 153
-    0x00,0xc6,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 154
-    0x00,0xc6,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 155
-    0x00,0x00,0x78,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xd8,0xcc,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xcc,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 156
-    0x00,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x00,0x78,0x0c,0x7c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 157
-    0x00,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x00,0x78,0x0c,0x7c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 158
-    0x00,0x10,0x38,0x6c,0x00,0x78,0x0c,0x7c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 159
-    0x00,0x00,0xcc,0x00,0x00,0x78,0x0c,0x7c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 160
-    0x00,0x38,0x6c,0x38,0x00,0x78,0x0c,0x7c,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 161
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xcc,0x76,0x36,0x7e,0xd8,0xd8,0x6e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 162
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0x60,0x60,0x66,0x3c,0x0c,0x06,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 163
-    0x00,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xfe,0xc0,0xc0,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 164
-    0x00,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xfe,0xc0,0xc0,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 165
-    0x00,0x10,0x38,0x6c,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xfe,0xc0,0xc0,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 166
-    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xfe,0xc0,0xc0,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 167
-    0x00,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x00,0x38,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 168
-    0x00,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x00,0x38,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 169
-    0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x66,0x00,0x38,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 170
-    0x00,0x00,0x66,0x00,0x00,0x38,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 171
-    0x00,0x00,0x76,0xdc,0x00,0xdc,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 172
-    0x00,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 173
-    0x00,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 174
-    0x00,0x10,0x38,0x6c,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 175
-    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 176
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x7e,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 177
-    0x00,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x00,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 178
-    0x00,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x00,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 179
-    0x00,0x30,0x78,0xcc,0x00,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 180
-    0x00,0x00,0xcc,0x00,0x00,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 181
-    0x00,0x00,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x7e,0x06,0x0c,0x78,0x00, // 182
-    0x00,0x0e,0x1b,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xd8,0x70,0x00,0x00, // 183
-    0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xc6,0xc6,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 184
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xfe,0xc6,0xc6,0x6c,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 185
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xc6,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x30,0x60,0xc6,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 186
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7e,0x18,0x3c,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x18,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 187
-    0x00,0x00,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0xee,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 188
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x76,0xdc,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0xdc,0x76,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 189
-    0x00,0x00,0x1e,0x30,0x18,0x0c,0x3e,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 190
-    0x00,0x00,0x1c,0x30,0x60,0x60,0x7c,0x60,0x60,0x60,0x30,0x1c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 191
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 192
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7e,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 193
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x76,0xdc,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 194
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x03,0x06,0x7e,0xdb,0xdb,0xf3,0x7e,0x60,0xc0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 195
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 196
-    0x00,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x00,0x66,0x66,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 197
-    0x00,0xd8,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x6c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 198
-    0x00,0xf8,0xcc,0xcc,0xf8,0xc4,0xcc,0xde,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 199
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x60,0xfe,0x60,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 200
-    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 201
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x0c,0xfe,0x0c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 202
-    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 203
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x28,0x6c,0xfe,0x6c,0x28,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 204
-    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x3c,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 205
-    0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x7e,0x3c,0x18,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 206
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 207
-    0x00,0x0f,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0x0c,0xec,0x6c,0x6c,0x3c,0x1c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 208
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7e,0xdb,0xdb,0xdb,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 209
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 210
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 211
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x76,0xdc,0x00,0x76,0xdc,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 212
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 213
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x60,0x30,0x18,0x0c,0x00,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 214
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x18,0x0c,0x06,0x0c,0x18,0x30,0x00,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 215
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x6c,0xc6,0xc6,0xc6,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 216
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 217
-    0x00,0x00,0x0e,0x1b,0x1b,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 218
-    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xd8,0xd8,0xd8,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 219
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 220
-    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 221
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1f,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 222
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xf8,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 223
-    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x1f,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 224
-    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xf8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 225
-    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x1f,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 226
-    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xf8,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 227
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 228
-    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 229
-    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xff,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 230
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 231
-    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 232
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1f,0x18,0x1f,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 233
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 234
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3f,0x30,0x37,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 235
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xf8,0x18,0xf8,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 236
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 237
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0x06,0xf6,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 238
-    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x1f,0x18,0x1f,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 239
-    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x3f,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 240
-    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x37,0x30,0x3f,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 241
-    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xf8,0x18,0xf8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 242
-    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 243
-    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xf6,0x06,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 244
-    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x1f,0x18,0x1f,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 245
-    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x37,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 246
-    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x37,0x30,0x37,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 247
-    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xf8,0x18,0xf8,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 248
-    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xf6,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 249
-    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xf6,0x06,0xf6,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 250
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x00,0xff,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 251
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 252
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x00,0xf7,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 253
-    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xff,0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 254
-    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 255
-    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xf7,0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 256
-    0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0xff,0x18,0xff,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18,0x18, // 257
-    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xff,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 258
-    0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0xf7,0x00,0xf7,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36,0x36, // 259
-    0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 260
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, // 261
-    0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, // 262
-    0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0,0xf0, // 263
-    0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f,0x0f, // 264
-    0x11,0x44,0x11,0x44,0x11,0x44,0x11,0x44,0x11,0x44,0x11,0x44,0x11,0x44,0x11,0x44, // 265
-    0x55,0xaa,0x55,0xaa,0x55,0xaa,0x55,0xaa,0x55,0xaa,0x55,0xaa,0x55,0xaa,0x55,0xaa, // 266
-    0xdd,0x77,0xdd,0x77,0xdd,0x77,0xdd,0x77,0xdd,0x77,0xdd,0x77,0xdd,0x77,0xdd,0x77, // 267
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x7c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 268
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 269
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x38,0x7c,0x7c,0xfe,0xfe,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 270
-    0x00,0x80,0xc0,0xe0,0xf0,0xf8,0xfe,0xf8,0xf0,0xe0,0xc0,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 271
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xfe,0xfe,0x7c,0x7c,0x38,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 272
-    0x00,0x02,0x06,0x0e,0x1e,0x3e,0xfe,0x3e,0x1e,0x0e,0x06,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 273
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0x42,0x42,0x66,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 274
-    0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xe7,0xc3,0xc3,0xe7,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, // 275
-    0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xc3,0x99,0xbd,0xbd,0x99,0xc3,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff, // 276
-    0x00,0x00,0x7e,0x81,0xa5,0x81,0x81,0xbd,0x99,0x81,0x81,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 277
-    0x00,0x00,0x7e,0xff,0xdb,0xff,0xff,0xc3,0xe7,0xff,0xff,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 278
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x18,0xdb,0x3c,0xe7,0x3c,0xdb,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 279
-    0x00,0x00,0x3c,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x66,0x3c,0x18,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 280
-    0x00,0x00,0x1e,0x0e,0x1a,0x32,0x78,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0xcc,0x78,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 281
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x7e,0xff,0xff,0x7e,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 282
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x3c,0x3c,0xe7,0xe7,0xe7,0x18,0x18,0x3c,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 283
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x6c,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0xfe,0x7c,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 284
-    0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x38,0x7c,0xfe,0x7c,0x38,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 285
-    0x00,0x00,0x3f,0x33,0x3f,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x30,0x70,0xf0,0xe0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 286
-    0x00,0x00,0x7f,0x63,0x7f,0x63,0x63,0x63,0x63,0x67,0xe7,0xe6,0xc0,0x00,0x00,0x00, // 287
-];
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs b/lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 2a81054..0000000
--- a/lib/lib_ascii/src/lib.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
-#![no_std]
-
-use core::fmt;
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use spin::{Lazy, Mutex};
-use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;
-
-use lib_framebuffer::{FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER, Color};
-
-mod font;
-use font::FONT;
-
-static FONT_WIDTH: u32 = 8;
-static FONT_HEIGHT: u32 = 16;
-
-pub static WRITER: Lazy<Mutex<Writer>> = Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new(Writer::new()));
-
-
-
-pub fn screensize_chars() -> (u32, u32) {
-    let writer = WRITER.lock();
-    (writer.screen_width, writer.screen_height)
-}
-
-pub struct Writer {
-    // these are measured in chars NOT pixels
-    screen_width: u32,
-    screen_height: u32,
-
-    text_line: u32, // 16 pixels tall
-    text_col: u32,  // 8 pixels wide
-
-    fg_color: Color,
-    bg_color: Color,
-
-    offset1: usize,
-    offset2: usize
-}
-
-impl Writer {
-
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        if let Some(writer) = FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER.lock().as_mut() {
-            Self {
-                screen_width: writer.width() as u32 / 8,
-                screen_height: writer.height() as u32 / 16,
-                text_line: 0,
-                text_col: 0,
-                fg_color: Color::White,
-                bg_color: Color::Black,
-                offset1: 16,
-                offset2: 0
-            }
-        } else {
-            panic!("Framebuffer writer not initialized");
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn write_char(&mut self, mut c: u16) {
-        if c as u8 == b'\n' {
-            self.newline();
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // get the character data from the font array. -- each byte is a row of pixels
-        let data: &[u8] = &FONT[c as usize * 16 ..(c as usize + 1) * 16];
-
-        if let Some(writer) = FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER.lock().as_mut() {
-            for row in 0..16 {
-                let line: u8 = data[row];
-                for col in 0..8 {
-                    let pixel_x: u32 = self.text_col * FONT_WIDTH + col;
-                    let pixel_y: u32 = self.text_line * FONT_HEIGHT + row as u32;
-    
-                    if line & (0x80 >> col) != 0 {
-                        // write the foreground color
-                        writer.write_pixel(pixel_x as usize, pixel_y as usize, self.fg_color);
-                    } else {
-                        // write the background color
-                        writer.write_pixel(pixel_x as usize, pixel_y as usize, self.bg_color);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }   
-
-        // go to next position
-        if self.text_col + 1 >= self.screen_width {
-            self.newline();
-        } else {
-            self.text_col += 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_offset(&mut self, offset1: usize, offset2: usize) {
-        self.offset1 = offset1;
-        self.offset2 = offset2;
-    }
-
-    pub fn dimensions(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
-        (self.screen_width, self.screen_height)
-    }
-
-    pub fn next_char(&mut self) {
-        self.text_col += 1;
-    }
-
-    pub fn newline(&mut self) {
-        self.text_col = 0;
-
-        if self.text_line + 1 >= self.screen_height {
-            self.text_line = 0;
-        } else {
-            self.text_line += 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn write_string(&mut self, s: &str) {
-        for c in s.chars() {
-            self.write_char(c as u16);
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn set_colour(&mut self, fg: Color, bg: Color) {
-        self.fg_color = fg;
-        self.bg_color = bg;
-    }
-
-    pub fn reset_colour(&mut self) {
-        self.fg_color = Color::White;
-        self.bg_color = Color::Black;
-    }
-}
-
-impl core::fmt::Write for Writer {
-    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> core::fmt::Result {
-        self.write_string(s);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-fn write(args: fmt::Arguments, fg: Color, bg: Color) {
-    use core::fmt::Write;
-
-    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
-        let mut writer = WRITER.lock();
-        writer.set_colour(fg, bg);
-        writer.write_fmt(args).unwrap();
-        writer.reset_colour();
-    });
-}
-
-pub fn _print(args: fmt::Arguments) {
-    write(args, Color::White, Color::Black);
-}
-
-pub fn _printerr(args: fmt::Arguments) {
-    write(args, Color::Red, Color::Black);
-}
-
-pub fn _log(args: fmt::Arguments) {
-    write(args, Color::Yellow, Color::Black);
-}
-
-pub fn clear_screen() {
-    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
-        let mut writer = WRITER.lock();
-        writer.text_line = 0;
-        writer.text_col = 0;
-    
-        if let Some(writer) = FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER.lock().as_mut() {
-            writer.clear();
-        }
-    });    
-}
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! println_log {
-	() => ($crate::print_log!("\n"));
-	($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::print_log!("{}\n", format_args!($($arg)*)));
-}
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! print_log {
-	($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::_log(format_args!($($arg)*)));
-}
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! println {
-	() => ($crate::print!("\n"));
-	($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::print!("{}\n", format_args!($($arg)*)));
-}
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! print {
-	($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::_print(format_args!($($arg)*)));
-}
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! printlnerr {
-    () => ($crate::printerr!("\n"));
-    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::printerr!("{}\n", format_args!($($arg)*)));
-}
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! printerr {
-    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::_printerr(format_args!($($arg)*)));
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_framebuffer/Cargo.toml b/lib/lib_framebuffer/Cargo.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index 19737e4..0000000
--- a/lib/lib_framebuffer/Cargo.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "lib_framebuffer"
-version.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-limine = "0.3.1"
-spin = "0.9.8"
diff --git a/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/colour.rs b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/colour.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 7477864..0000000
--- a/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/colour.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-#[repr(u32)]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
-pub enum Color {
-    ARGB(u8, u8, u8, u8),
-    RGB(u8, u8, u8),
-    HexARGB(u32),
-    Black = 0x000000FF,
-    Blue = 0x0000FFFF,
-    Green = 0x00FF00FF,
-    Cyan = 0x00FFFFFF,
-    Red = 0xFF0000FF,
-    Magenta = 0xFF00FFFF,
-    Yellow = 0xFFFF00FF,
-    White = 0xFFFFFFFF,
-}
-
-impl Into<u32> for Color {
-    fn into(self) -> u32 {
-        match self {
-            Color::ARGB(a, r, g, b) => (a as u32) << 24 | (r as u32) << 16 | (g as u32) << 8 | (b as u32),
-            Color::RGB(r, g, b) => (0u32) << 24 | (r as u32) << 16 | (g as u32) << 8 | (b as u32),
-            Color::HexARGB(hex) => hex,
-            Color::Black => 0xFF000000,
-            Color::Blue => 0xFF0000FF, 
-            Color::Green => 0xFF00FF00, 
-            Color::Cyan => 0xFF00FFFF,
-            Color::Red => 0xFFFF0000,   
-            Color::Magenta => 0xFFFF00FF, 
-            Color::Yellow => 0xFFFFFF00, 
-            Color::White => 0xFFFFFFFF, 
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl core::fmt::Display for Color {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            Color::ARGB(r, g, b, a) => write!(f, "RGBA(#{:x}{:x}{:x}{:x})", r, g, b, a),
-            Color::RGB(r, g, b) => write!(f, "RGB(#{:x}{:x}{:x})", r, g, b),
-            Color::HexARGB(hex) => write!(f, "Hex(#{:x})", hex),
-            Color::Black => write!(f, "Black"),
-            Color::Blue => write!(f, "Blue"),
-            Color::Green => write!(f, "Green"),
-            Color::Cyan => write!(f, "Cyan"),
-            Color::Red => write!(f, "Red"),
-            Color::Magenta => write!(f, "Magenta"),
-            Color::Yellow => write!(f, "Yellow"),
-            Color::White => write!(f, "White"),
-        }
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/draw.rs b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/draw.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
diff --git a/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/framebuffer.rs b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/framebuffer.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d91287..0000000
--- a/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/framebuffer.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-use core::panic;
-use limine::framebuffer::Framebuffer;
-use spin::{Mutex, Lazy};
-
-use crate::{colour::Color, FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST};
-
-pub static FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER: Lazy<Mutex<Option<FramebufferWriter>>> = Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new(
-    if let Some(framebuffer_response) = FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST.get_response() {
-        let framebuffer = framebuffer_response.framebuffers().next().unwrap();
-        Some(FramebufferWriter::new(framebuffer))
-    } else {
-        panic!("Framebuffer request failed");
-    }
-));
-
-
-
-pub struct FramebufferWriter<'a> {
-    framebuffer: Framebuffer<'a>,
-}
-
-unsafe impl<'a> Send for FramebufferWriter<'a> {}
-unsafe impl<'a> Sync for FramebufferWriter<'a> {}
-impl<'a> FramebufferWriter<'a> {
-    pub fn new(framebuffer: Framebuffer<'a>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            framebuffer,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn write_pixel(&self, x: usize, y: usize, color: Color) {
-        let pitch = self.framebuffer.pitch() as usize;
-        let bpp = (self.framebuffer.bpp() / 8) as usize;
-        let pixel_offset = y * pitch + x * bpp;
-
-        unsafe {
-            *(self.framebuffer.addr().add(pixel_offset) as *mut u32) = color.into();
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn render_frame(&self, buffer: &[Color; 1280 * 800]) {
-        for (y, row) in buffer.chunks(1280).enumerate() {
-            for (x, pixel) in row.iter().enumerate() {
-                self.write_pixel(x, y, *pixel);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn width(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.framebuffer.width() as u32
-    }
-
-    pub fn height(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.framebuffer.height() as u32
-    }
-
-    pub fn clear(&self) {
-        let width = self.framebuffer.width() as usize;
-        let height = self.framebuffer.height() as usize;
-
-        for y in 0..height {
-            for x in 0..width {
-                self.write_pixel(x, y, Color::Black);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/lib.rs b/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/lib.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b16a7c..0000000
--- a/lib/lib_framebuffer/src/lib.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#![no_std]
-
-use limine::request::FramebufferRequest;
-
-#[used]
-#[link_section = ".requests"]
-static FRAMEBUFFER_REQUEST: FramebufferRequest = FramebufferRequest::new();
-
-mod framebuffer;
-mod colour;
-pub use framebuffer::FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER;
-pub use colour::Color;
-
-pub fn screensize_px() -> (u32, u32) {
-    if let Some(writer) = FRAMEBUFFER_WRITER.lock().as_mut() {
-        (writer.width(), writer.height())
-    } else {
-        (0, 0)
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_serial/Cargo.toml b/lib/lib_serial/Cargo.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index fdd0427..0000000
--- a/lib/lib_serial/Cargo.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "lib_serial"
-version.workspace = true
-edition.workspace = true
-
-[dependencies]
-lazy_static = { version = "1.5.0", default-features = false, features = ["spin_no_std"] }
-spin = "0.9.8"
-x86_64 = "0.15.2"
-
diff --git a/lib/lib_serial/src/io.rs b/lib/lib_serial/src/io.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 994cbf0..0000000
--- a/lib/lib_serial/src/io.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-use core::arch::asm;
-
-#[inline]
-pub unsafe fn inb(port: u16) -> u8 {
-    let value: u8;
-    asm!(
-        "in al, dx",
-        out("al") value,
-        in("dx") port,
-        options(nomem, nostack, preserves_flags)
-    );
-    value
-}
-
-#[inline]
-pub unsafe fn outb(port: u16, value: u8) {
-    asm!(
-        "out dx, al",
-        in("dx") port,
-        in("al") value,
-        options(nomem, nostack, preserves_flags)
-    );
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/lib_serial/src/lib.rs b/lib/lib_serial/src/lib.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 59fb98c..0000000
--- a/lib/lib_serial/src/lib.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-#![no_std]
-
-use core::{fmt, sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering}};
-use spin::Mutex;
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-
-mod io;
-use io::*;
-use x86_64::instructions::interrupts;
-
-static PORT: u16 = 0x3f8;
-static mut BUFFER: [u8; 256] = [0; 256];
-static BUFFER_LEN: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
-
-lazy_static!{
-    static ref READER: Mutex<Option<Reader>> = Mutex::new(None);
-    static ref WRITER: Mutex<Option<Writer>> = Mutex::new(None);
-}
-
-struct Reader;
-
-struct Writer;
-
-impl fmt::Write for Writer {
-    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
-        for c in s.chars() {
-            self.write_byte(c as u8);
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl Writer {
-    unsafe fn write_success(&self) -> bool {
-        inb(PORT + 5) & 0x20 != 0
-    }
-
-    pub fn write_byte(&self, data: u8) { unsafe {
-        while !self.write_success() {};
-        outb(PORT + 0, data);
-    }}
-}
-
-
-pub fn init() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-    if let Err(e) = test() {
-        return Err(e);
-    }
-
-    if READER.lock().is_none() {
-        *READER.lock() = Some(Reader);
-    }
-
-    if WRITER.lock().is_none() {
-        *WRITER.lock() = Some(Writer);
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-pub fn test() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-    unsafe {
-        outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);    // Disable all interrupts
-        outb(PORT + 3, 0x80);    // Enable DLAB (set baud rate divisor)
-        outb(PORT + 0, 0x03);    // Set divisor to 3 (lo byte) 38400 baud
-        outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);    //                  (hi byte)
-        outb(PORT + 3, 0x03);    // 8 bits, no parity, one stop bit
-        outb(PORT + 2, 0xC7);    // Enable FIFO, clear them, with 14-bytethreshold
-        outb(PORT + 4, 0x0B);    // IRQs enabled, RTS/DSR set
-        outb(PORT + 4, 0x1E);    // Set in loopback mode, test the serial chip
-        outb(PORT + 0, 0xAE);    // Test serial chip (send byte 0xAE and check if serial returns same byte)
-
-        if inb(PORT + 0)  != 0xAE {
-            return Err("serial test failed")
-        }
-
-        outb(PORT + 4, 0x0F);
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-impl Reader {
-    pub fn read_str_to_buffer(&mut self) { unsafe {
-        while !self.read_ready() {};
-
-        BUFFER_LEN.store(0, Ordering::SeqCst);
-
-        while BUFFER_LEN.load(Ordering::SeqCst) < 256 {
-            let c = self.read();
-            BUFFER[BUFFER_LEN.load(Ordering::SeqCst)] = c;
-            if c as char == '\r' {
-                break;
-            }
-            BUFFER_LEN.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
-        }
-
-        serial_println!("returning")
-    }}
-
-    unsafe fn read_ready(&self) -> bool {
-        inb(PORT + 5) & 1 != 0
-    }
-
-    pub fn read(&self) -> u8 { unsafe {
-        while !self.read_ready() {};
-        return inb(PORT + 0);
-    }}
-}
-
-pub fn _serial_write(args: fmt::Arguments) {
-    use core::fmt::Write;
-
-    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
-        if let Some(writer) = WRITER.lock().as_mut() {
-            writer.write_fmt(args).unwrap();
-        }
-    })    
-}
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! serial_println {
-    () => ($crate::serial_print!("\n"));
-    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::serial_print!("{}\n", format_args!($($arg)*)));
-}
-
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! serial_print {
-    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::_serial_write(format_args!($($arg)*)));
-}
-
-pub fn serial_read() -> &'static str {
-    serial_println!("getting value!");
-
-    interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
-        if let Some(reader) = READER.lock().as_mut() {
-            serial_println!("stuff happnin.");
-            reader.read_str_to_buffer();
-        } else {
-            serial_println!("failed to get writer");
-        }
-    });
-
-    serial_println!("eee");
-
-    let i = BUFFER_LEN.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
-
-    return unsafe {
-        if i != 0 {
-            core::str::from_utf8(&BUFFER[..i - 1]).unwrap()
-        } else { 
-            serial_println!("empty string");
-            ""
-        }
-    }
-}
-

From cb77883f4cfd895adeef8b359d31fdf3d9fc2576 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 01:06:27 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 10/41] done

---
 .gitmodules         | 9 +++++++++
 lib/lib_ascii       | 1 +
 lib/lib_framebuffer | 1 +
 lib/lib_serial      | 1 +
 4 files changed, 12 insertions(+)
 create mode 160000 lib/lib_ascii
 create mode 160000 lib/lib_framebuffer
 create mode 160000 lib/lib_serial

diff --git a/.gitmodules b/.gitmodules
index 215210b..de08738 100644
--- a/.gitmodules
+++ b/.gitmodules
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
 [submodule "lib/lib_application"]
 	path = lib/lib_application
 	url = https://git.zxq5.dev/OsDev/FoundryOS-lib_application.git
+[submodule "lib/lib_ascii"]
+	path = lib/lib_ascii
+	url = https://git.zxq5.dev/OsDev/FoundryOS-lib_ascii.git
+[submodule "lib/lib_framebuffer"]
+	path = lib/lib_framebuffer
+	url = https://git.zxq5.dev/OsDev/FoundryOS-lib_framebuffer.git
+[submodule "lib/lib_serial"]
+	path = lib/lib_serial
+	url = https://git.zxq5.dev/OsDev/FoundryOS-lib_serial.git
diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii b/lib/lib_ascii
new file mode 160000
index 0000000..fefe217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_ascii
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit fefe217980e5535bfb9de4de1dbc84db3def93ae
diff --git a/lib/lib_framebuffer b/lib/lib_framebuffer
new file mode 160000
index 0000000..c515b89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_framebuffer
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit c515b8913625728924cef92993cb65aa03e2b1c5
diff --git a/lib/lib_serial b/lib/lib_serial
new file mode 160000
index 0000000..92032eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_serial
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit 92032eb5b400fe1afd851dfd613e6d98f04eda40

From 1b313c67e0383013261e3fa9c21e113dfe11eca7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 01:06:55 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 11/41] first interrupt handler + setup IDT

---
 Cargo.lock                           |  24 +-
 kernel/Cargo.toml                    |   4 +-
 kernel/src/arch/mod.rs               |   1 +
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs |  22 ++
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs        |   1 +
 kernel/src/lib.rs                    |  62 +++++
 kernel/src/main.rs                   |  63 +----
 script.py                            | 389 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 8 files changed, 502 insertions(+), 64 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 kernel/src/arch/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
 create mode 100644 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
 create mode 100644 kernel/src/lib.rs
 create mode 100644 script.py

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 9dd5c5a..4d3f2cc 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2,6 +2,19 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 4
 
+[[package]]
+name = "FoundryOS"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "lib_ascii",
+ "lib_framebuffer",
+ "lib_serial",
+ "limine",
+ "spin",
+ "x86_64",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
 version = "1.4.0"
@@ -29,17 +42,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "shlex",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "kernel"
-version = "0.1.0"
-dependencies = [
- "cc",
- "lib_ascii",
- "lib_framebuffer",
- "lib_serial",
- "limine",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy_static"
 version = "1.5.0"
diff --git a/kernel/Cargo.toml b/kernel/Cargo.toml
index d9d4087..2619042 100644
--- a/kernel/Cargo.toml
+++ b/kernel/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [package]
-name = "kernel"
+name = "FoundryOS"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2021"
 
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ limine = "0.3.1"
 lib_framebuffer = { path = "../lib/lib_framebuffer" }
 lib_serial = { path = "../lib/lib_serial" }
 lib_ascii = { path = "../lib/lib_ascii" }
+x86_64 = "0.15.2"
+spin = "0.9.8"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 cc = "1.2.14"
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/mod.rs b/kernel/src/arch/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bffdbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pub mod x86_64;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56a0b21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+use lib_ascii::println_log;
+use x86_64::structures::idt::{InterruptDescriptorTable, InterruptStackFrame};
+
+use spin::Lazy;
+
+static IDT: Lazy<InterruptDescriptorTable> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    let mut idt = InterruptDescriptorTable::new();
+    idt.breakpoint.set_handler_fn(breakpoint_handler);
+    idt
+});
+
+
+pub fn init_idt() {
+    IDT.load();
+}
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn breakpoint_handler(
+    stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame
+) {
+    println_log!("Exception: Breakpoint\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+}
+
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c09fa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pub mod interrupts;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kernel/src/lib.rs b/kernel/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78dd3ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#![no_std]
+
+#![feature(abi_x86_interrupt)]
+
+use core::arch::asm;
+use limine::request::{RequestsEndMarker, RequestsStartMarker};
+use limine::BaseRevision;
+
+pub use lib_serial::{serial_print, serial_println, serial_read};
+pub use lib_ascii::{print, print_log, println, println_log, WRITER};
+
+mod arch;
+
+use lib_framebuffer;
+
+
+/// Sets the base revision to the latest revision supported by the crate.
+/// See specification for further info.
+/// Be sure to mark all limine requests with #[used], otherwise they may be removed by the compiler.
+#[used]
+// The .requests section allows limine to find the requests faster and more safely.
+#[link_section = ".requests"]
+static BASE_REVISION: BaseRevision = BaseRevision::new();
+
+/// Define the stand and end markers for Limine requests.
+#[used]
+#[link_section = ".requests_start_marker"]
+static _START_MARKER: RequestsStartMarker = RequestsStartMarker::new();
+#[used]
+#[link_section = ".requests_end_marker"]
+static _END_MARKER: RequestsEndMarker = RequestsEndMarker::new();
+
+#[panic_handler]
+fn rust_panic(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
+    hcf();
+}
+
+pub fn hcf() -> ! {
+    loop {
+        unsafe {
+            #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
+            asm!("hlt");
+            #[cfg(any(target_arch = "aarch64", target_arch = "riscv64"))]
+            asm!("wfi");
+            #[cfg(target_arch = "loongarch64")]
+            asm!("idle 0");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn boot() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+    
+    if !BASE_REVISION.is_supported() {
+        return Err("base revision not supported");
+    }
+
+    lib_serial::init()?;
+    arch::x86_64::interrupts::init_idt();
+    
+    
+    Ok(())
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kernel/src/main.rs b/kernel/src/main.rs
index 9e619b3..552e081 100644
--- a/kernel/src/main.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/main.rs
@@ -1,46 +1,23 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
 
-use core::arch::asm;
-
-use lib_serial::{serial_println, serial_read};
-use lib_ascii::{print, println, WRITER};
-
-use limine::request::{RequestsEndMarker, RequestsStartMarker};
-use limine::BaseRevision;
-
-use lib_framebuffer;
-
-/// Sets the base revision to the latest revision supported by the crate.
-/// See specification for further info.
-/// Be sure to mark all limine requests with #[used], otherwise they may be removed by the compiler.
-#[used]
-// The .requests section allows limine to find the requests faster and more safely.
-#[link_section = ".requests"]
-static BASE_REVISION: BaseRevision = BaseRevision::new();
-
-/// Define the stand and end markers for Limine requests.
-#[used]
-#[link_section = ".requests_start_marker"]
-static _START_MARKER: RequestsStartMarker = RequestsStartMarker::new();
-#[used]
-#[link_section = ".requests_end_marker"]
-static _END_MARKER: RequestsEndMarker = RequestsEndMarker::new();
+use FoundryOS::{
+    println, println_log
+};
 
 #[no_mangle]
 unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
     // All limine requests must also be referenced in a called function, otherwise they may be
     // removed by the linker.
-    assert!(BASE_REVISION.is_supported());
 
-
-    if let Err(_) = lib_serial::init() {
-        loop {}
-    }
+    FoundryOS::boot();
 
     let dimensions = lib_ascii::screensize_chars();
     let dimensions2 = lib_framebuffer::screensize_px();
-    println!("Hello World!");
+    println_log!(" [ Initialising ] ");
+
+    x86_64::instructions::interrupts::int3();
+
     println!("Dimensions: {}x{} (px)", dimensions2.0, dimensions2.1);
     println!("Dimensions: {}x{} (chars)", dimensions.0, dimensions.1);
 
@@ -63,27 +40,9 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
              \\______/  \\______/           \\_/    \\______|                              
     ");
 
-    for i in 0u8..128 {
-        print!("{}", i as char);
-    }
-
-    hcf();
+ 
+    FoundryOS::hcf();
 }
 
-#[panic_handler]
-fn rust_panic(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
-    hcf();
-}
 
-fn hcf() -> ! {
-    loop {
-        unsafe {
-            #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
-            asm!("hlt");
-            #[cfg(any(target_arch = "aarch64", target_arch = "riscv64"))]
-            asm!("wfi");
-            #[cfg(target_arch = "loongarch64")]
-            asm!("idle 0");
-        }
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+
diff --git a/script.py b/script.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9669c01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script.py
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+string = """0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x33, 0x3f, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x70,
+  0xf0, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7e, 0x81, 0xa5, 0x81,
+  0x81, 0xbd, 0x99, 0x81, 0x81, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x7e, 0xff, 0xdb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc3, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6c, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x7c,
+  0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38,
+  0x7c, 0xfe, 0x7c, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0xe7, 0xe7, 0xe7, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x7e, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7e, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x18, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff,
+  0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe7, 0xc3, 0xc3, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+  0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x66, 0x42, 0x42, 0x66,
+  0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc3,
+  0x99, 0xbd, 0xbd, 0x99, 0xc3, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x1e, 0x0e, 0x1a, 0x32, 0x78, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x7e,
+  0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7f, 0x63, 0x7f, 0x63,
+  0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x67, 0xe7, 0xe6, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0xdb, 0x3c, 0xe7, 0x3c, 0xdb, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xc0, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0xfe, 0xf8, 0xf0, 0xe0,
+  0xc0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x06, 0x0e, 0x1e, 0x3e,
+  0xfe, 0x3e, 0x1e, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x18, 0x3c, 0x7e, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7e, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x00,
+  0x66, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7f, 0xdb, 0xdb, 0xdb,
+  0x7b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c,
+  0xc6, 0x60, 0x38, 0x6c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x6c, 0x38, 0x0c, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe,
+  0xfe, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x7e, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x18, 0x7e, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x18, 0x3c, 0x7e, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7e,
+  0x3c, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18,
+  0x0c, 0xfe, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x60, 0xfe, 0x60, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xfe,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28,
+  0x6c, 0xfe, 0x6c, 0x28, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x38, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x38, 0x38,
+  0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x18, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0xfe,
+  0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0xfe, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc2, 0xc0, 0x7c, 0x06, 0x06, 0x86, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc2, 0xc6, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60,
+  0xc6, 0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x38,
+  0x76, 0xdc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30,
+  0x30, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30,
+  0x18, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0c, 0x0c,
+  0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x3c, 0xff, 0x3c, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7e, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x06,
+  0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xc0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x38, 0x6c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xd6, 0xd6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x6c, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x38, 0x78, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0x06, 0x0c,
+  0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xc0, 0xc6, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x7c, 0xc6, 0x06, 0x06, 0x3c, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x1c, 0x3c, 0x6c, 0xcc, 0xfe, 0x0c, 0x0c,
+  0x0c, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0,
+  0xfc, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x38, 0x60, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xfc, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xc6, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x30,
+  0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6,
+  0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x7e, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0c, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7e, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18,
+  0x0c, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xde, 0xde, 0xde, 0xdc,
+  0xc0, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x6c, 0xc6,
+  0xc6, 0xfe, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0xfc, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7c, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x66, 0xc2, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc2,
+  0x66, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x6c, 0x66, 0x66,
+  0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x6c, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x66, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x60, 0x62, 0x66, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x66, 0x62, 0x68, 0x78, 0x68, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x66, 0xc2, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xde, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x66, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xfe, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0xe6, 0x66, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x78, 0x78, 0x6c, 0x66, 0x66, 0xe6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0xf0, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x62, 0x66, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xee, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xd6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xe6, 0xf6, 0xfe, 0xde, 0xce, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7c, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0xf0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xd6, 0xde, 0x7c, 0x0c, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x7c, 0x6c, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0xe6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x60, 0x38, 0x0c, 0x06, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x7e, 0x7e, 0x5a, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x6c, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+  0x00, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xd6, 0xd6, 0xd6, 0xfe, 0xee, 0x6c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
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+  0xcc, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30,
+  0x60, 0xfe, 0x60, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x18, 0x3c, 0x7e, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x0c, 0xfe, 0x0c, 0x18,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7e, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x28, 0x6c, 0xfe, 0x6c, 0x28, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x7e, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7e, 0x3c,
+  0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x7e, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x18, 0x7e, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0xec, 0x6c, 0x6c,
+  0x3c, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7e,
+  0xdb, 0xdb, 0xdb, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6,
+  0xc6, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x76,
+  0xdc, 0x00, 0x76, 0xdc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0c,
+  0x00, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0c,
+  0x06, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x6c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0,
+  0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xd8, 0xd8, 0xd8, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x1f, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0xf8, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0xff, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f,
+  0x18, 0x1f, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x30, 0x37, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8,
+  0x18, 0xf8, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x06, 0xf6, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x1f,
+  0x18, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x37, 0x30, 0x3f, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xf8,
+  0x18, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xf6, 0x06, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x1f,
+  0x18, 0x1f, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x37, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x37, 0x30, 0x37, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xf8,
+  0x18, 0xf8, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xf6, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xf6, 0x06, 0xf6, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff,
+  0x00, 0xff, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0xf7, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xff,
+  0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xf7, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xff,
+  0x18, 0xff, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xff, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xf7, 0x00, 0xf7, 0x36, 0x36,
+  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+  0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+  0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+  0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0,
+  0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0x0f,
+  0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f,
+  0x0f, 0x0f, 0x11, 0x44, 0x11, 0x44, 0x11, 0x44, 0x11, 0x44, 0x11, 0x44,
+  0x11, 0x44, 0x11, 0x44, 0x11, 0x44, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x55, 0xaa,
+  0x55, 0xaa, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xdd, 0x77,
+  0xdd, 0x77, 0xdd, 0x77, 0xdd, 0x77, 0xdd, 0x77, 0xdd, 0x77, 0xdd, 0x77,
+  0xdd, 0x77, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x7c,
+  0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x38, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xc0, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0xfe, 0xf8, 0xf0, 0xe0,
+  0xc0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe,
+  0x7c, 0x7c, 0x38, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
+  0x06, 0x0e, 0x1e, 0x3e, 0xfe, 0x3e, 0x1e, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x66, 0x42, 0x42, 0x66,
+  0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+  0xe7, 0xc3, 0xc3, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+  0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc3, 0x99, 0xbd, 0xbd, 0x99, 0xc3, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
+  0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7e, 0x81, 0xa5, 0x81, 0x81, 0xbd, 0x99, 0x81,
+  0x81, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7e, 0xff, 0xdb, 0xff,
+  0xff, 0xc3, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0xdb, 0x3c, 0xe7, 0x3c, 0xdb, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x7e,
+  0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x0e, 0x1a, 0x32,
+  0x78, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x7e, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7e, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0xe7, 0xe7, 0xe7, 0x18,
+  0x18, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6c, 0xfe,
+  0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x7c, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x7c, 0xfe, 0x7c, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x33, 0x3f, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x70,
+  0xf0, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7f, 0x63, 0x7f, 0x63,
+  0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x67, 0xe7, 0xe6, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00"""
+
+def main():
+    newstring = string.replace("\n", "")
+    newstring = newstring.replace(" ", "")
+    entries = newstring.split(",")
+
+    output = ""
+    for i in range(len(entries) // 16):
+        output += ",".join(entries[i * 16 : (i + 1) * 16]) + f", // {i}\n"
+
+    print(output)

From 650f34f354bd2be3ceb5e477189ff1590b55d499 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 01:08:07 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 12/41] removed redundant script

---
 script.py | 389 ------------------------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 389 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 script.py

diff --git a/script.py b/script.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9669c01..0000000
--- a/script.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,389 +0,0 @@
-string = """0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x33, 0x3f, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x70,
-  0xf0, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7e, 0x81, 0xa5, 0x81,
-  0x81, 0xbd, 0x99, 0x81, 0x81, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x7e, 0xff, 0xdb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc3, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6c, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x7c,
-  0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38,
-  0x7c, 0xfe, 0x7c, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0xe7, 0xe7, 0xe7, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x7e, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7e, 0x18,
-  0x18, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x18, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff,
-  0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xe7, 0xc3, 0xc3, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-  0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x66, 0x42, 0x42, 0x66,
-  0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc3,
-  0x99, 0xbd, 0xbd, 0x99, 0xc3, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x1e, 0x0e, 0x1a, 0x32, 0x78, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x7e,
-  0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7f, 0x63, 0x7f, 0x63,
-  0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x67, 0xe7, 0xe6, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0xdb, 0x3c, 0xe7, 0x3c, 0xdb, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xc0, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0xfe, 0xf8, 0xf0, 0xe0,
-  0xc0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x06, 0x0e, 0x1e, 0x3e,
-  0xfe, 0x3e, 0x1e, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x18, 0x3c, 0x7e, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7e, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x00,
-  0x66, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7f, 0xdb, 0xdb, 0xdb,
-  0x7b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c,
-  0xc6, 0x60, 0x38, 0x6c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x6c, 0x38, 0x0c, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe,
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-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
-  0x36, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0xf7, 0x36, 0x36,
-  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xff,
-  0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x36,
-  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xf7, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xff,
-  0x18, 0xff, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x36, 0x36,
-  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xff, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
-  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xf7, 0x00, 0xf7, 0x36, 0x36,
-  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-  0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-  0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-  0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0,
-  0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0x0f, 0x0f,
-  0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f,
-  0x0f, 0x0f, 0x11, 0x44, 0x11, 0x44, 0x11, 0x44, 0x11, 0x44, 0x11, 0x44,
-  0x11, 0x44, 0x11, 0x44, 0x11, 0x44, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x55, 0xaa,
-  0x55, 0xaa, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x55, 0xaa, 0x55, 0xaa, 0xdd, 0x77,
-  0xdd, 0x77, 0xdd, 0x77, 0xdd, 0x77, 0xdd, 0x77, 0xdd, 0x77, 0xdd, 0x77,
-  0xdd, 0x77, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x7c,
-  0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x38, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xc0, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0xf8, 0xfe, 0xf8, 0xf0, 0xe0,
-  0xc0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe,
-  0x7c, 0x7c, 0x38, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
-  0x06, 0x0e, 0x1e, 0x3e, 0xfe, 0x3e, 0x1e, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x66, 0x42, 0x42, 0x66,
-  0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-  0xe7, 0xc3, 0xc3, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-  0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc3, 0x99, 0xbd, 0xbd, 0x99, 0xc3, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
-  0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7e, 0x81, 0xa5, 0x81, 0x81, 0xbd, 0x99, 0x81,
-  0x81, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7e, 0xff, 0xdb, 0xff,
-  0xff, 0xc3, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0xdb, 0x3c, 0xe7, 0x3c, 0xdb, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x3c, 0x18, 0x7e,
-  0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x0e, 0x1a, 0x32,
-  0x78, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x7e, 0xff, 0xff, 0x7e, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x3c, 0xe7, 0xe7, 0xe7, 0x18,
-  0x18, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6c, 0xfe,
-  0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x7c, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x38, 0x7c, 0xfe, 0x7c, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
-  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x33, 0x3f, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x70,
-  0xf0, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7f, 0x63, 0x7f, 0x63,
-  0x63, 0x63, 0x63, 0x67, 0xe7, 0xe6, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00"""
-
-def main():
-    newstring = string.replace("\n", "")
-    newstring = newstring.replace(" ", "")
-    entries = newstring.split(",")
-
-    output = ""
-    for i in range(len(entries) // 16):
-        output += ",".join(entries[i * 16 : (i + 1) * 16]) + f", // {i}\n"
-
-    print(output)

From ee8dae4981a1f39c41594cfe66956d9f5656a52b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 01:12:15 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 13/41] added rust.yml workflow, probably wont work.

---
 .gitea/workflows/rust.yml | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .gitea/workflows/rust.yml

diff --git a/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml b/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..438a555
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+name: Continuous integration
+
+jobs: 
+  build:
+    name: build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
+      - run: cargo build
\ No newline at end of file

From 11d63535e905b4e37fb33d3662c0540d213f7e7e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 01:27:08 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 14/41] added submodule cloning to rust.yml

---
 .gitea/workflows/rust.yml | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml b/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
index 438a555..430c46d 100644
--- a/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
@@ -8,5 +8,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          submodules: "true"
       - uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
       - run: cargo build
\ No newline at end of file

From af3215d887f683e0eb7541c6ddccbd213ddf1f26 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 01:28:31 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 15/41] changed order of steps in rust.yml

---
 .gitea/workflows/rust.yml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml b/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
index 430c46d..478287d 100644
--- a/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ jobs:
     name: build
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
+      - uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: "true"
-      - uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
       - run: cargo build
\ No newline at end of file

From 68c3d2fa0ead852217e00595ddb19055648f4ab8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 01:55:36 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 16/41] workflow changes

---
 .gitea/workflows/rust.yml | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml b/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
index 478287d..077e6ec 100644
--- a/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
+        with:
+          target: x86_64-unknown-none
+          components: rust-src, llvm-tools-preview
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
-          submodules: "true"
+          submodules: true
       - run: cargo build
\ No newline at end of file

From a88059c5ff31724a55c7415c2ca5413f78068bc6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 02:13:38 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 17/41] workflow builds nightly

---
 .gitea/workflows/rust.yml | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml b/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
index 077e6ec..4c85fad 100644
--- a/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           target: x86_64-unknown-none
           components: rust-src, llvm-tools-preview
+          toolchain: nightly
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           submodules: true

From 3aca8fd72057fd414ed439e8ac2143b0d28e5d4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jacob Hinchliffe <jacob@nullndvoid.xyz>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 02:41:23 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 18/41] Add some docs on building, bumped limine to latest
 version

No issues occurred having bumped the version, all seems well.
---
 README.md      | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 scripts/run.sh |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 505c9e2..e013c0a 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,2 +1,22 @@
 # FoundryOS
 
+## Cloning and building
+
+Here are some simple steps to get started:
+
+```sh
+# If you have not yet cloned the repo:
+git clone --recurse-submodules https://git.zxq5.dev/OsDev/FoundryOS.git
+# If you already cloned the repo:
+git submodule update --init --recursive
+
+cargo build
+# This will build the binaries if required - no need to call cargo build.
+cargo run
+```
+
+### Build dependencies
+
+* jq: checks whether the app is to be run in debugging mode.
+* libisoburn: creates ISO images to be booted from.
+* qemu: to run the kernel.
diff --git a/scripts/run.sh b/scripts/run.sh
index 2cf05ad..79359bf 100755
--- a/scripts/run.sh
+++ b/scripts/run.sh
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ mkdir -p "$iso_root/EFI/BOOT"
 if [ ! -d "$build_dir/limine" ]; then
     compiling "limine bootloader"
     cd "$build_dir"
-    git clone https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine.git --branch=v8.x-binary --depth=1 "$build_dir/limine" || error "failed to clone limine"
+    git clone https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine.git --branch=v9.x-binary --depth=1 "$build_dir/limine" || error "failed to clone limine"
     make -C "$build_dir/limine" || error "failed to build limine"
     cd "$project_root"
 fi

From f5f5aeb8dc2d32e7d47bd8414fab80fe99fcfbbc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jacob Hinchliffe <jacob@nullndvoid.xyz>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 03:09:46 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 19/41] Formatting changes, called 'cargo fmt'

---
 kernel/build.rs                      |  4 ++--
 kernel/src/arch/mod.rs               |  2 +-
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs |  6 +-----
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs        |  2 +-
 kernel/src/lib.rs                    | 10 +++-------
 kernel/src/main.rs                   | 14 +++++---------
 lib/lib_application                  |  2 +-
 lib/lib_ascii                        |  2 +-
 lib/lib_framebuffer                  |  2 +-
 lib/lib_serial                       |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/build.rs b/kernel/build.rs
index a9b7914..9553c96 100644
--- a/kernel/build.rs
+++ b/kernel/build.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
+use cc;
 use std::process::Command;
 use std::{env, path::Path};
-use cc;
 
 fn main() {
     // Tell cargo to rerun if these files change
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=src");
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=linker.ld");
     println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=../config/limine.conf");
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/mod.rs b/kernel/src/arch/mod.rs
index 0bffdbe..2a99bf5 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1 @@
-pub mod x86_64;
\ No newline at end of file
+pub mod x86_64;
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
index 56a0b21..9f4d82a 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
@@ -9,14 +9,10 @@ static IDT: Lazy<InterruptDescriptorTable> = Lazy::new(|| {
     idt
 });
 
-
 pub fn init_idt() {
     IDT.load();
 }
 
-extern "x86-interrupt" fn breakpoint_handler(
-    stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame
-) {
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn breakpoint_handler(stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame) {
     println_log!("Exception: Breakpoint\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
 }
-
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
index 4c09fa4..136e70b 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1 @@
-pub mod interrupts;
\ No newline at end of file
+pub mod interrupts;
diff --git a/kernel/src/lib.rs b/kernel/src/lib.rs
index 78dd3ba..3ea6f29 100644
--- a/kernel/src/lib.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,17 @@
 #![no_std]
-
 #![feature(abi_x86_interrupt)]
 
 use core::arch::asm;
 use limine::request::{RequestsEndMarker, RequestsStartMarker};
 use limine::BaseRevision;
 
-pub use lib_serial::{serial_print, serial_println, serial_read};
 pub use lib_ascii::{print, print_log, println, println_log, WRITER};
+pub use lib_serial::{serial_print, serial_println, serial_read};
 
 mod arch;
 
 use lib_framebuffer;
 
-
 /// Sets the base revision to the latest revision supported by the crate.
 /// See specification for further info.
 /// Be sure to mark all limine requests with #[used], otherwise they may be removed by the compiler.
@@ -49,14 +47,12 @@ pub fn hcf() -> ! {
 }
 
 pub fn boot() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-    
     if !BASE_REVISION.is_supported() {
         return Err("base revision not supported");
     }
 
     lib_serial::init()?;
     arch::x86_64::interrupts::init_idt();
-    
-    
+
     Ok(())
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/main.rs b/kernel/src/main.rs
index 552e081..5e64b54 100644
--- a/kernel/src/main.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/main.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
 
-use FoundryOS::{
-    println, println_log
-};
+use FoundryOS::{println, println_log};
 
 #[no_mangle]
 unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
@@ -21,7 +19,8 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
     println!("Dimensions: {}x{} (px)", dimensions2.0, dimensions2.1);
     println!("Dimensions: {}x{} (chars)", dimensions.0, dimensions.1);
 
-    println!("
+    println!(
+        "
         $$$$$$$$\\                                  $$\\                     
         $$  _____|                                 $$ |                    
         $$ |    $$$$$$\\  $$\\   $$\\ $$$$$$$\\   $$$$$$$ | $$$$$$\\  $$\\   $$\\ 
@@ -38,11 +37,8 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
             $$ |  $$ |$$\\   $$ |        \\$$$  /    $$ |                  
              $$$$$$  |\\$$$$$$  |         \\$  /   $$$$$$\\                 
              \\______/  \\______/           \\_/    \\______|                              
-    ");
+    "
+    );
 
- 
     FoundryOS::hcf();
 }
-
-
-
diff --git a/lib/lib_application b/lib/lib_application
index df1cbd1..4b1c606 160000
--- a/lib/lib_application
+++ b/lib/lib_application
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit df1cbd1170723ad75045052dec5b2641fb154591
+Subproject commit 4b1c60676a2f67c2f95139ef2820238cdcbbf19e
diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii b/lib/lib_ascii
index fefe217..d48792e 160000
--- a/lib/lib_ascii
+++ b/lib/lib_ascii
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit fefe217980e5535bfb9de4de1dbc84db3def93ae
+Subproject commit d48792ecd011f88acb84e93e2e2ba33ac2598a72
diff --git a/lib/lib_framebuffer b/lib/lib_framebuffer
index c515b89..5355327 160000
--- a/lib/lib_framebuffer
+++ b/lib/lib_framebuffer
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit c515b8913625728924cef92993cb65aa03e2b1c5
+Subproject commit 53553278d11e798f8dc770b9f5efe50d9b737c68
diff --git a/lib/lib_serial b/lib/lib_serial
index 92032eb..6731ed5 160000
--- a/lib/lib_serial
+++ b/lib/lib_serial
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 92032eb5b400fe1afd851dfd613e6d98f04eda40
+Subproject commit 6731ed5ef601201f746946f4c0eea90050414f2a

From d12160c5d070ee0819054a9a515ac0a75b2bc6ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 03:16:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 20/41] setup TSS

---
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/gdt.rs | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/gdt.rs

diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/gdt.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/gdt.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf4c036
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/gdt.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+use x86_64::{structures::tss::TaskStateSegment, VirtAddr};
+
+use spin::Lazy;
+
+pub const DOUBLE_FAULT_1ST_INDEX: u16 = 0;
+
+static TSS: Lazy<TaskStateSegment> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    let mut tss = TaskStateSegment::new();
+    tss.interrupt_stack_table[DOUBLE_FAULT_1ST_INDEX as usize] = {
+        const STACK_SIZE: usize = 4096 * 8;
+        static mut STACK: [u8; STACK_SIZE] = [0; STACK_SIZE];
+
+        let stack_start = VirtAddr::from_ptr(&raw const STACK);
+        let stack_end = stack_start + STACK_SIZE.try_into().unwrap();
+        stack_end
+    };
+    tss
+});

From 2ee21dea05e53c81cffdc5049fa1c8ccd225bd5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 03:19:05 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 21/41] did interrupts stuff

---
 Cargo.lock                           | 10 ++++
 Cargo.toml                           |  2 +-
 kernel/Cargo.toml                    |  1 +
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs | 79 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs        |  4 ++
 kernel/src/lib.rs                    |  6 +++
 kernel/src/main.rs                   | 11 +++-
 lib/lib_application                  |  2 +-
 lib/lib_ascii                        |  2 +-
 lib/lib_serial                       |  2 +-
 10 files changed, 112 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 4d3f2cc..d36daaf 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "lib_framebuffer",
  "lib_serial",
  "limine",
+ "pic8259",
  "spin",
  "x86_64",
 ]
@@ -104,6 +105,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "scopeguard",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pic8259"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "62d9a86c292b165f757e47e7fd66855def189b2564609bc4203727b27c33db22"
+dependencies = [
+ "x86_64",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustversion"
 version = "1.0.19"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 0d17198..c740bdd 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ incremental = false
 codegen-units = 1
 
 [profile.release]
-opt-level = "z"
+opt-level = 3
 debug = false
 debug-assertions = false
 overflow-checks = false
diff --git a/kernel/Cargo.toml b/kernel/Cargo.toml
index 2619042..1b94af6 100644
--- a/kernel/Cargo.toml
+++ b/kernel/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ lib_serial = { path = "../lib/lib_serial" }
 lib_ascii = { path = "../lib/lib_ascii" }
 x86_64 = "0.15.2"
 spin = "0.9.8"
+pic8259 = "0.11.0"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 cc = "1.2.14"
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
index 9f4d82a..234915f 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,95 @@
 use lib_ascii::println_log;
+use lib_serial::serial_println;
+use x86_64::instructions::port::Port;
 use x86_64::structures::idt::{InterruptDescriptorTable, InterruptStackFrame};
 
-use spin::Lazy;
+use pic8259::ChainedPics;
+use spin::{Lazy, Mutex};
 
 static IDT: Lazy<InterruptDescriptorTable> = Lazy::new(|| {
     let mut idt = InterruptDescriptorTable::new();
     idt.breakpoint.set_handler_fn(breakpoint_handler);
+    idt.double_fault.set_handler_fn(double_fault_handler);
+    idt.general_protection_fault
+        .set_handler_fn(general_protection_fault_handler);
+
+    idt[InterruptIndex::Timer.as_u8()].set_handler_fn(timer_interrupt_handler);
+    idt[InterruptIndex::Keyboard.as_u8()].set_handler_fn(keyboard_interrupt_handler);
     idt
 });
 
+<<<<<<< Updated upstream
+=======
+pub const PIC_1_OFFSET: u8 = 32;
+pub const PIC_2_OFFSET: u8 = PIC_1_OFFSET + 8;
+
+pub static PICS: Mutex<ChainedPics> =
+    Mutex::new(unsafe { ChainedPics::new(PIC_1_OFFSET, PIC_2_OFFSET) });
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum InterruptIndex {
+    Timer = PIC_1_OFFSET,
+    Keyboard,
+}
+
+impl InterruptIndex {
+    fn as_u8(self) -> u8 {
+        self as u8
+    }
+
+    fn _as_usize(self) -> usize {
+        usize::from(self.as_u8())
+    }
+}
+
+>>>>>>> Stashed changes
 pub fn init_idt() {
     IDT.load();
+    unsafe {
+        PICS.lock().initialize();
+        PICS.lock().write_masks(0xfc, 0xff);
+    }
 }
 
 extern "x86-interrupt" fn breakpoint_handler(stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame) {
+<<<<<<< Updated upstream
     println_log!("Exception: Breakpoint\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
 }
+=======
+    serial_println!("Exception: Breakpoint\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+    println_log!("Exception: Breakpoint\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+}
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn general_protection_fault_handler(
+    stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame,
+    _error_code: u64,
+) {
+    serial_println!("Exception: General Protection Fault\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+    panic!("Exception: General Protection Fault\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+}
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn double_fault_handler(
+    stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame,
+    _error_code: u64,
+) -> ! {
+    serial_println!("Exception: Double Fault\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+    panic!("Exception: Double Fault\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
+}
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn keyboard_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame) {
+    let mut port = Port::new(0x60);
+    let _scancode: u8 = unsafe { port.read() };
+    unsafe {
+        PICS.lock()
+            .notify_end_of_interrupt(InterruptIndex::Keyboard.as_u8());
+    }
+}
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn timer_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame) {
+    unsafe {
+        PICS.lock()
+            .notify_end_of_interrupt(InterruptIndex::Timer.as_u8());
+    }
+}
+>>>>>>> Stashed changes
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
index 136e70b..7bd6bd6 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1,5 @@
+<<<<<<< Updated upstream
+=======
+pub mod gdt;
+>>>>>>> Stashed changes
 pub mod interrupts;
diff --git a/kernel/src/lib.rs b/kernel/src/lib.rs
index 3ea6f29..c2b3037 100644
--- a/kernel/src/lib.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![feature(abi_x86_interrupt)]
 
+use arch::x86_64::interrupts;
 use core::arch::asm;
 use limine::request::{RequestsEndMarker, RequestsStartMarker};
 use limine::BaseRevision;
@@ -54,5 +55,10 @@ pub fn boot() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
     lib_serial::init()?;
     arch::x86_64::interrupts::init_idt();
 
+<<<<<<< Updated upstream
+=======
+    x86_64::instructions::interrupts::enable();
+
+>>>>>>> Stashed changes
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/main.rs b/kernel/src/main.rs
index 5e64b54..6dbd439 100644
--- a/kernel/src/main.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/main.rs
@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
     let dimensions2 = lib_framebuffer::screensize_px();
     println_log!(" [ Initialising ] ");
 
-    x86_64::instructions::interrupts::int3();
-
     println!("Dimensions: {}x{} (px)", dimensions2.0, dimensions2.1);
     println!("Dimensions: {}x{} (chars)", dimensions.0, dimensions.1);
 
@@ -39,6 +37,15 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
              \\______/  \\______/           \\_/    \\______|                              
     "
     );
+<<<<<<< Updated upstream
+=======
+
+    // for i in 0..100000 {
+    //     println!("{}", i);
+    // }
+
+    loop {}
+>>>>>>> Stashed changes
 
     FoundryOS::hcf();
 }
diff --git a/lib/lib_application b/lib/lib_application
index 4b1c606..df1cbd1 160000
--- a/lib/lib_application
+++ b/lib/lib_application
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 4b1c60676a2f67c2f95139ef2820238cdcbbf19e
+Subproject commit df1cbd1170723ad75045052dec5b2641fb154591
diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii b/lib/lib_ascii
index d48792e..fefe217 160000
--- a/lib/lib_ascii
+++ b/lib/lib_ascii
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit d48792ecd011f88acb84e93e2e2ba33ac2598a72
+Subproject commit fefe217980e5535bfb9de4de1dbc84db3def93ae
diff --git a/lib/lib_serial b/lib/lib_serial
index 6731ed5..a3b0bf0 160000
--- a/lib/lib_serial
+++ b/lib/lib_serial
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 6731ed5ef601201f746946f4c0eea90050414f2a
+Subproject commit a3b0bf0bdbe60c53b930ff13d251e50ed8895f78

From ab0ec3509490431368cad1ba5fc7d493740c3b79 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 03:24:48 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 22/41] updated submodules

---
 lib/lib_application | 2 +-
 lib/lib_ascii       | 2 +-
 lib/lib_serial      | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/lib_application b/lib/lib_application
index df1cbd1..4b1c606 160000
--- a/lib/lib_application
+++ b/lib/lib_application
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit df1cbd1170723ad75045052dec5b2641fb154591
+Subproject commit 4b1c60676a2f67c2f95139ef2820238cdcbbf19e
diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii b/lib/lib_ascii
index fefe217..ba43834 160000
--- a/lib/lib_ascii
+++ b/lib/lib_ascii
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit fefe217980e5535bfb9de4de1dbc84db3def93ae
+Subproject commit ba43834e3ead8a242761b3d769bd959aeb126ff5
diff --git a/lib/lib_serial b/lib/lib_serial
index a3b0bf0..ff197cf 160000
--- a/lib/lib_serial
+++ b/lib/lib_serial
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit a3b0bf0bdbe60c53b930ff13d251e50ed8895f78
+Subproject commit ff197cfc56e8c50314f74465bb92442e3a39a89c

From ae82e9c24b22fd3b2c33eda8e8be3fe92a89eb17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 03:27:08 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 23/41] idk

---
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
index 7bd6bd6..341df6d 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-<<<<<<< Updated upstream
-=======
+
 pub mod gdt;
->>>>>>> Stashed changes
+
 pub mod interrupts;

From bb5bf9115b484c56be2278169dbd9c70d78b3d08 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 03:29:33 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 24/41] fixed weird merge issues

---
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs | 11 +++--------
 kernel/src/lib.rs                    |  3 ---
 kernel/src/main.rs                   |  3 ---
 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
index 234915f..093a85c 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ static IDT: Lazy<InterruptDescriptorTable> = Lazy::new(|| {
     idt
 });
 
-<<<<<<< Updated upstream
-=======
+
 pub const PIC_1_OFFSET: u8 = 32;
 pub const PIC_2_OFFSET: u8 = PIC_1_OFFSET + 8;
 
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ impl InterruptIndex {
     }
 }
 
->>>>>>> Stashed changes
+
 pub fn init_idt() {
     IDT.load();
     unsafe {
@@ -53,10 +52,6 @@ pub fn init_idt() {
 }
 
 extern "x86-interrupt" fn breakpoint_handler(stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame) {
-<<<<<<< Updated upstream
-    println_log!("Exception: Breakpoint\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
-}
-=======
     serial_println!("Exception: Breakpoint\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
     println_log!("Exception: Breakpoint\n{:#?}", stack_frame);
 }
@@ -92,4 +87,4 @@ extern "x86-interrupt" fn timer_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: InterruptStackFr
             .notify_end_of_interrupt(InterruptIndex::Timer.as_u8());
     }
 }
->>>>>>> Stashed changes
+
diff --git a/kernel/src/lib.rs b/kernel/src/lib.rs
index c2b3037..c36854e 100644
--- a/kernel/src/lib.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/lib.rs
@@ -55,10 +55,7 @@ pub fn boot() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
     lib_serial::init()?;
     arch::x86_64::interrupts::init_idt();
 
-<<<<<<< Updated upstream
-=======
     x86_64::instructions::interrupts::enable();
 
->>>>>>> Stashed changes
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/main.rs b/kernel/src/main.rs
index 6dbd439..06584d3 100644
--- a/kernel/src/main.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/main.rs
@@ -37,15 +37,12 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
              \\______/  \\______/           \\_/    \\______|                              
     "
     );
-<<<<<<< Updated upstream
-=======
 
     // for i in 0..100000 {
     //     println!("{}", i);
     // }
 
     loop {}
->>>>>>> Stashed changes
 
     FoundryOS::hcf();
 }

From 5c9717d384e6b279d6d2116fc13160edf12f547b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 03:33:19 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 25/41] cargo fmt

---
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs | 3 ---
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs        | 1 -
 2 files changed, 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
index 093a85c..160cf20 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ static IDT: Lazy<InterruptDescriptorTable> = Lazy::new(|| {
     idt
 });
 
-
 pub const PIC_1_OFFSET: u8 = 32;
 pub const PIC_2_OFFSET: u8 = PIC_1_OFFSET + 8;
 
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@ impl InterruptIndex {
     }
 }
 
-
 pub fn init_idt() {
     IDT.load();
     unsafe {
@@ -87,4 +85,3 @@ extern "x86-interrupt" fn timer_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: InterruptStackFr
             .notify_end_of_interrupt(InterruptIndex::Timer.as_u8());
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
index 341df6d..cd849ac 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 pub mod gdt;
 
 pub mod interrupts;

From 969756c6912b6e9748780c6543bf72dc3e86cc8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jacob Hinchliffe <jacob@nullndvoid.xyz>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 03:33:32 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 26/41] Suppress erroneous build errors from rust-analyzer.

---
 .vscode/settings.json | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .vscode/settings.json

diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6e307c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+    "rust-analyzer.cargo.allTargets": false,
+    "rust-analyzer.cargo.target": "x86_64-kernel",
+}
\ No newline at end of file

From b4d0b05e132ac28b879d5360a07ae156b02f834f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 03:35:02 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 27/41] updated submodule

---
 lib/lib_serial | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/lib/lib_serial b/lib/lib_serial
index ff197cf..ed2fa6b 160000
--- a/lib/lib_serial
+++ b/lib/lib_serial
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit ff197cfc56e8c50314f74465bb92442e3a39a89c
+Subproject commit ed2fa6b50102607d33973c1851a0ec8c895ed4fa

From 3a232c80231c88cb582e378ce0e0bafa1c4ab503 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 03:39:22 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 28/41] Merge remote-tracking branch 'refs/remotes/origin/dev'
 into dev (and add cargo fmt on save)

---
 .vscode/settings.json | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json
index c6e307c..c7cc8ca 100644
--- a/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 {
     "rust-analyzer.cargo.allTargets": false,
     "rust-analyzer.cargo.target": "x86_64-kernel",
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+    "[rust]": {
+        "editor.defaultFormatter": "rust-lang.rust-analyzer",
+        "editor.formatOnSave": true
+    }
+}
+

From 5b1f04c1da2c0ceed21ecc437801106a4d0bf724 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 03:47:54 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 29/41] changed some code order

---
 kernel/src/main.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/kernel/src/main.rs b/kernel/src/main.rs
index 06584d3..0d6fe97 100644
--- a/kernel/src/main.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/main.rs
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
     // All limine requests must also be referenced in a called function, otherwise they may be
     // removed by the linker.
 
+    println_log!(" [ Initialising ] ");
     FoundryOS::boot();
 
     let dimensions = lib_ascii::screensize_chars();
     let dimensions2 = lib_framebuffer::screensize_px();
-    println_log!(" [ Initialising ] ");
 
     println!("Dimensions: {}x{} (px)", dimensions2.0, dimensions2.1);
     println!("Dimensions: {}x{} (chars)", dimensions.0, dimensions.1);

From 90faace7a22984384ec118dc3451f6bccf5f05c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 03:50:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 30/41] changed name to snake case

---
 Cargo.lock        | 28 ++++++++++++++--------------
 kernel/Cargo.toml |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index d36daaf..e7b8c2c 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2,20 +2,6 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 4
 
-[[package]]
-name = "FoundryOS"
-version = "0.1.0"
-dependencies = [
- "cc",
- "lib_ascii",
- "lib_framebuffer",
- "lib_serial",
- "limine",
- "pic8259",
- "spin",
- "x86_64",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
 version = "1.4.0"
@@ -43,6 +29,20 @@ dependencies = [
  "shlex",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "foundry_os"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "lib_ascii",
+ "lib_framebuffer",
+ "lib_serial",
+ "limine",
+ "pic8259",
+ "spin",
+ "x86_64",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy_static"
 version = "1.5.0"
diff --git a/kernel/Cargo.toml b/kernel/Cargo.toml
index 1b94af6..4759c3f 100644
--- a/kernel/Cargo.toml
+++ b/kernel/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [package]
-name = "FoundryOS"
+name = "foundry_os"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2021"
 

From 28afe25ccaaeaf06162c1064f82db252c28691bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 03:52:32 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 31/41] check boot was successful else panic

---
 kernel/src/main.rs | 12 ++++--------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/src/main.rs b/kernel/src/main.rs
index 0d6fe97..5c5ddbf 100644
--- a/kernel/src/main.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/main.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
 
-use FoundryOS::{println, println_log};
+use foundry_os::{println, println_log};
 
 #[no_mangle]
 unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
     // removed by the linker.
 
     println_log!(" [ Initialising ] ");
-    FoundryOS::boot();
+    if let Err(err) = foundry_os::boot() {
+        panic!("{}", err);
+    }
 
     let dimensions = lib_ascii::screensize_chars();
     let dimensions2 = lib_framebuffer::screensize_px();
@@ -38,11 +40,5 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
     "
     );
 
-    // for i in 0..100000 {
-    //     println!("{}", i);
-    // }
-
     loop {}
-
-    FoundryOS::hcf();
 }

From c1a8afb8367d0819bfd80e127f51f30c58fdf777 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jacob Hinchliffe <jacob@nullndvoid.xyz>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 03:59:28 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 32/41] Formatted random JSON file whoops

---
 Cargo.toml                | 8 ++++----
 kernel/x86_64-kernel.json | 3 ++-
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index c740bdd..972ad1a 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 [workspace]
-members = [ 
+members = [
     "lib/lib_framebuffer",
     "lib/lib_serial",
     "lib/lib_ascii",
-    "kernel"
-, "lib/lib_application"]
+    "kernel",
+    "lib/lib_application",
+]
 resolver = "2"
 
 [workspace.package]
@@ -28,4 +29,3 @@ overflow-checks = false
 lto = true
 incremental = false
 codegen-units = 1
-
diff --git a/kernel/x86_64-kernel.json b/kernel/x86_64-kernel.json
index 8f7231a..7b3dc4e 100644
--- a/kernel/x86_64-kernel.json
+++ b/kernel/x86_64-kernel.json
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@
       "--no-pie",
       "--gc-sections",
       "--build-id=none",
-      "-z", "max-page-size=0x1000"
+      "-z",
+      "max-page-size=0x1000"
     ]
   }
 }

From 2b2219f5be07d733aa60b6e26fb851c8b65d30da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jacob Hinchliffe <jacob@nullndvoid.xyz>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 04:00:37 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 33/41] Update submodules

---
 lib/lib_ascii  | 2 +-
 lib/lib_serial | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii b/lib/lib_ascii
index ba43834..1ae956e 160000
--- a/lib/lib_ascii
+++ b/lib/lib_ascii
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit ba43834e3ead8a242761b3d769bd959aeb126ff5
+Subproject commit 1ae956efa44d7ebb009ce23ee917a76cb4df96ca
diff --git a/lib/lib_serial b/lib/lib_serial
index ed2fa6b..813fc0b 160000
--- a/lib/lib_serial
+++ b/lib/lib_serial
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit ed2fa6b50102607d33973c1851a0ec8c895ed4fa
+Subproject commit 813fc0bfa3a14069c5a7ee18c1d70a025d12f48d

From 40ad5dbbf4f706f6c1aa9a144fe71cee29f6ecd3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jacob Hinchliffe <jacob@nullndvoid.xyz>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 05:00:18 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 34/41] Add page fault handler that does nothing, I am tired

---
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs | 16 +++++++-
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memmap.rs     | 56 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 kernel/src/lib.rs                    |  3 --
 3 files changed, 71 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memmap.rs

diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
index 160cf20..cffb882 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 use lib_ascii::println_log;
 use lib_serial::serial_println;
 use x86_64::instructions::port::Port;
-use x86_64::structures::idt::{InterruptDescriptorTable, InterruptStackFrame};
+use x86_64::registers::control::Cr2;
+use x86_64::structures::idt::{InterruptDescriptorTable, InterruptStackFrame, PageFaultErrorCode};
 
 use pic8259::ChainedPics;
 use spin::{Lazy, Mutex};
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@ static IDT: Lazy<InterruptDescriptorTable> = Lazy::new(|| {
     idt.double_fault.set_handler_fn(double_fault_handler);
     idt.general_protection_fault
         .set_handler_fn(general_protection_fault_handler);
+    idt.page_fault.set_handler_fn(page_fault_handler);
 
     idt[InterruptIndex::Timer.as_u8()].set_handler_fn(timer_interrupt_handler);
     idt[InterruptIndex::Keyboard.as_u8()].set_handler_fn(keyboard_interrupt_handler);
@@ -85,3 +87,15 @@ extern "x86-interrupt" fn timer_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: InterruptStackFr
             .notify_end_of_interrupt(InterruptIndex::Timer.as_u8());
     }
 }
+
+extern "x86-interrupt" fn page_fault_handler(
+    stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame,
+    error_code: PageFaultErrorCode,
+) {
+    serial_println!("Exception: Page Fault");
+    serial_println!("Accessed Address: {:?}", Cr2::read());
+    serial_println!("Error Code: {:?}", error_code);
+    serial_println!("{:#?}", stack_frame);
+
+    crate::hcf();
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memmap.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memmap.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b0cbbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memmap.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//! Sets up a memory map using Limine.
+
+use limine::{
+    request::{HhdmRequest, KernelAddressRequest, MemoryMapRequest},
+    response::MemoryMapResponse,
+};
+use spin::Lazy;
+
+#[used]
+#[link_section = ".requests"]
+static MEMORY_MAP_REQUEST: MemoryMapRequest = MemoryMapRequest::new();
+
+#[used]
+#[link_section = ".requests"]
+static HIGHER_HALF_DIRECT_MAP_REQUEST: HhdmRequest = HhdmRequest::new();
+
+/// ```rs
+/// let virt_addr = phys_addr + offset;
+/// let phys_addr = virt_addr - offset; // (given VA is in the HHDM). Do not use for executable code.
+/// ```
+pub static PHYSICAL_MEMORY_OFFSET: Lazy<u64> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    HIGHER_HALF_DIRECT_MAP_REQUEST
+        .get_response()
+        .unwrap()
+        .offset()
+});
+
+#[used]
+#[link_section = ".requests"]
+static KERNEL_ADDRESS_REQUEST: KernelAddressRequest = KernelAddressRequest::new();
+
+/// Converts virtual addresses in the kernel to a physical address like this:
+/// ```rs
+/// let phys_addr = virt_addr - virtual_base + physical_base;
+/// ```
+///
+/// Returns (virtual_base, physical_base)
+pub static KERNEL_PHYSICAL_MEMORY_OFFSET: Lazy<(u64, u64)> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    let resp = KERNEL_ADDRESS_REQUEST.get_response().unwrap();
+
+    // These are base addresses, using Limine's built in page table.
+    (resp.virtual_base(), resp.physical_base())
+});
+
+/// Fetches the memory map from Limine.
+///
+/// # Panics
+///
+/// Panics if the memory map was not found in MEMORY_MAP_REQUEST.
+pub fn get_memory_map() -> &'static MemoryMapResponse {
+    if let Some(memory_map) = MEMORY_MAP_REQUEST.get_response() {
+        return memory_map;
+    } else {
+        unreachable!("Could not fetch memory map from Limine.")
+    }
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/lib.rs b/kernel/src/lib.rs
index c36854e..e667a18 100644
--- a/kernel/src/lib.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![feature(abi_x86_interrupt)]
 
-use arch::x86_64::interrupts;
 use core::arch::asm;
 use limine::request::{RequestsEndMarker, RequestsStartMarker};
 use limine::BaseRevision;
@@ -11,8 +10,6 @@ pub use lib_serial::{serial_print, serial_println, serial_read};
 
 mod arch;
 
-use lib_framebuffer;
-
 /// Sets the base revision to the latest revision supported by the crate.
 /// See specification for further info.
 /// Be sure to mark all limine requests with #[used], otherwise they may be removed by the compiler.

From 0bbbf653f89b5f39235c7c51e3a43aefcae1277d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 15:41:41 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 35/41] setup GDT & fixed a deadlock

---
 Cargo.lock                           |  7 ++++
 kernel/Cargo.toml                    |  1 +
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/gdt.rs        | 53 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs | 37 +++++++++++++++++--
 kernel/src/lib.rs                    |  1 +
 5 files changed, 95 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index e7b8c2c..c575ba9 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "lib_framebuffer",
  "lib_serial",
  "limine",
+ "pc-keyboard",
  "pic8259",
  "spin",
  "x86_64",
@@ -105,6 +106,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "scopeguard",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pc-keyboard"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f0ca629cbb3f0d5b699c338f0129ff78c9bfd7ea8b1258ad529bff490dc8ed5a"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pic8259"
 version = "0.11.0"
diff --git a/kernel/Cargo.toml b/kernel/Cargo.toml
index 4759c3f..91a92ca 100644
--- a/kernel/Cargo.toml
+++ b/kernel/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ lib_ascii = { path = "../lib/lib_ascii" }
 x86_64 = "0.15.2"
 spin = "0.9.8"
 pic8259 = "0.11.0"
+pc-keyboard = "0.8.0"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 cc = "1.2.14"
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/gdt.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/gdt.rs
index bf4c036..8d9bad4 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/gdt.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/gdt.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,12 @@
-use x86_64::{structures::tss::TaskStateSegment, VirtAddr};
+use x86_64::{
+    instructions::tables::load_tss,
+    registers::segmentation::{Segment, CS, DS, ES, SS},
+    structures::{
+        gdt::{Descriptor, GlobalDescriptorTable, SegmentSelector},
+        tss::TaskStateSegment,
+    },
+    VirtAddr,
+};
 
 use spin::Lazy;
 
@@ -16,3 +24,46 @@ static TSS: Lazy<TaskStateSegment> = Lazy::new(|| {
     };
     tss
 });
+
+static GDT: Lazy<(GlobalDescriptorTable, Selectors)> = Lazy::new(|| {
+    let mut gdt = GlobalDescriptorTable::new();
+    let code_selector = gdt.append(Descriptor::kernel_code_segment());
+    let data_selector = gdt.append(Descriptor::kernel_data_segment());
+
+    let user_code_selector = gdt.append(Descriptor::user_code_segment());
+    let user_data_selector = gdt.append(Descriptor::user_data_segment());
+
+    let tss_selector = gdt.append(Descriptor::tss_segment(&TSS));
+
+    (
+        gdt,
+        Selectors {
+            code_selector,
+            data_selector,
+            user_code_selector,
+            user_data_selector,
+            tss_selector,
+        },
+    )
+});
+
+struct Selectors {
+    code_selector: SegmentSelector,
+    data_selector: SegmentSelector,
+    user_code_selector: SegmentSelector,
+    user_data_selector: SegmentSelector,
+    tss_selector: SegmentSelector,
+}
+
+pub fn init() {
+    GDT.0.load();
+
+    unsafe {
+        CS::set_reg(GDT.1.code_selector);
+        load_tss(GDT.1.tss_selector);
+
+        DS::set_reg(self::GDT.1.data_selector);
+        ES::set_reg(self::GDT.1.data_selector);
+        SS::set_reg(self::GDT.1.data_selector);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
index 160cf20..c2c7251 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use lib_ascii::println_log;
+use lib_ascii::{print, println_log};
 use lib_serial::serial_println;
 use x86_64::instructions::port::Port;
 use x86_64::structures::idt::{InterruptDescriptorTable, InterruptStackFrame};
@@ -6,10 +6,18 @@ use x86_64::structures::idt::{InterruptDescriptorTable, InterruptStackFrame};
 use pic8259::ChainedPics;
 use spin::{Lazy, Mutex};
 
+use super::gdt;
+
 static IDT: Lazy<InterruptDescriptorTable> = Lazy::new(|| {
     let mut idt = InterruptDescriptorTable::new();
     idt.breakpoint.set_handler_fn(breakpoint_handler);
-    idt.double_fault.set_handler_fn(double_fault_handler);
+
+    unsafe {
+        idt.double_fault
+            .set_handler_fn(double_fault_handler)
+            .set_stack_index(gdt::DOUBLE_FAULT_1ST_INDEX);
+    }
+
     idt.general_protection_fault
         .set_handler_fn(general_protection_fault_handler);
 
@@ -71,8 +79,31 @@ extern "x86-interrupt" fn double_fault_handler(
 }
 
 extern "x86-interrupt" fn keyboard_interrupt_handler(_stack_frame: InterruptStackFrame) {
+    use pc_keyboard::{layouts, DecodedKey, HandleControl, Keyboard, ScancodeSet1};
+    use spin::Mutex;
+    use x86_64::instructions::port::Port;
+
+    static KEYBOARD: Lazy<Mutex<Keyboard<layouts::Us104Key, ScancodeSet1>>> = Lazy::new(|| {
+        Mutex::new(Keyboard::new(
+            ScancodeSet1::new(),
+            layouts::Us104Key,
+            HandleControl::Ignore,
+        ))
+    });
+
+    let mut keyboard = KEYBOARD.lock();
     let mut port = Port::new(0x60);
-    let _scancode: u8 = unsafe { port.read() };
+
+    let scancode: u8 = unsafe { port.read() };
+    if let Ok(Some(key_event)) = keyboard.add_byte(scancode) {
+        if let Some(key) = keyboard.process_keyevent(key_event) {
+            match key {
+                DecodedKey::Unicode(character) => print!("{}", character),
+                DecodedKey::RawKey(key) => print!("{:?}", key),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     unsafe {
         PICS.lock()
             .notify_end_of_interrupt(InterruptIndex::Keyboard.as_u8());
diff --git a/kernel/src/lib.rs b/kernel/src/lib.rs
index c36854e..aa16295 100644
--- a/kernel/src/lib.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/lib.rs
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ pub fn boot() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
     }
 
     lib_serial::init()?;
+    arch::x86_64::gdt::init();
     arch::x86_64::interrupts::init_idt();
 
     x86_64::instructions::interrupts::enable();

From 7b3ba170f0053689e569c119b0a87dbdcbb2c3e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 15:43:06 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 36/41] changes to submodules

---
 lib/lib_ascii  | 2 +-
 lib/lib_serial | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/lib_ascii b/lib/lib_ascii
index 1ae956e..70d528b 160000
--- a/lib/lib_ascii
+++ b/lib/lib_ascii
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 1ae956efa44d7ebb009ce23ee917a76cb4df96ca
+Subproject commit 70d528b2e8dc4d5b522955c248f47da74ce28678
diff --git a/lib/lib_serial b/lib/lib_serial
index 813fc0b..ed2fa6b 160000
--- a/lib/lib_serial
+++ b/lib/lib_serial
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 813fc0bfa3a14069c5a7ee18c1d70a025d12f48d
+Subproject commit ed2fa6b50102607d33973c1851a0ec8c895ed4fa

From 36cb11893312d6f9473fbb0e60a51005b7769a4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 16:56:01 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 37/41] paging done, starting on allocation.

---
 .cargo/config.toml               |   2 +-
 .gitmodules                      |   3 +
 Cargo.lock                       |   5 ++
 Cargo.toml                       |   3 +-
 kernel/Cargo.toml                |   1 +
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memory.rs | 137 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs    |   4 +
 kernel/src/lib.rs                |  18 +++-
 lib/lib_alloc                    |   1 +
 9 files changed, 170 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memory.rs
 create mode 160000 lib/lib_alloc

diff --git a/.cargo/config.toml b/.cargo/config.toml
index 3b01eb5..cd125e0 100644
--- a/.cargo/config.toml
+++ b/.cargo/config.toml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ target = "x86_64-kernel"
 target-dir = "build/target"
 
 [unstable]
-build-std = ["core", "compiler_builtins"]
+build-std = ["core", "compiler_builtins", "alloc"]
 build-std-features = ["compiler-builtins-mem"]
 
 [env]
diff --git a/.gitmodules b/.gitmodules
index de08738..d74f31e 100644
--- a/.gitmodules
+++ b/.gitmodules
@@ -10,3 +10,6 @@
 [submodule "lib/lib_serial"]
 	path = lib/lib_serial
 	url = https://git.zxq5.dev/OsDev/FoundryOS-lib_serial.git
+[submodule "lib/lib_alloc"]
+	path = lib/lib_alloc
+	url = https://git.zxq5.dev/OsDev/FoundryOS-lib_alloc.git
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index c575ba9..97d2c0b 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ name = "foundry_os"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "cc",
+ "lib_alloc",
  "lib_ascii",
  "lib_framebuffer",
  "lib_serial",
@@ -53,6 +54,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "spin",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "lib_alloc"
+version = "0.1.0"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lib_application"
 version = "0.1.0"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 972ad1a..d9f1b96 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ members = [
     "lib/lib_serial",
     "lib/lib_ascii",
     "kernel",
-    "lib/lib_application",
+    "lib/lib_application", 
+    "lib/lib_alloc",
 ]
 resolver = "2"
 
diff --git a/kernel/Cargo.toml b/kernel/Cargo.toml
index 91a92ca..9958b56 100644
--- a/kernel/Cargo.toml
+++ b/kernel/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ limine = "0.3.1"
 lib_framebuffer = { path = "../lib/lib_framebuffer" }
 lib_serial = { path = "../lib/lib_serial" }
 lib_ascii = { path = "../lib/lib_ascii" }
+lib_alloc = { path = "../lib/lib_alloc" }
 x86_64 = "0.15.2"
 spin = "0.9.8"
 pic8259 = "0.11.0"
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memory.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memory.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5eaf729
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memory.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+use lib_alloc::allocator::FoundryAllocator;
+use limine::{memory_map::EntryType, response::MemoryMapResponse};
+use x86_64::{
+    addr,
+    registers::control::Cr3,
+    structures::paging::{
+        page_table::FrameError, FrameAllocator, OffsetPageTable, PageTable, PhysFrame, Size4KiB,
+    },
+    PhysAddr, VirtAddr,
+};
+
+#[global_allocator]
+static ALLOCATOR: FoundryAllocator = FoundryAllocator;
+
+/// Returns a mutable reference to the current level 4 page table.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// The caller must ensure that the level 4 page table is not modified
+/// simultaneously. The caller must also ensure that the physical memory offset
+/// is correct, to ensure that the correct virtual address is constructed.
+unsafe fn active_l4_table(physical_memory_offset: VirtAddr) -> &'static mut PageTable {
+    let (level_4_frame, _) = Cr3::read();
+
+    let phys_addr = level_4_frame.start_address();
+    let virt = phys_addr.as_u64() + physical_memory_offset.as_u64();
+    &mut *(virt as *mut PageTable)
+}
+
+/// Initializes the `OffsetPageTable` for the current CPU architecture.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// This function must be called only once and should be called before any
+/// memory operations are performed that rely on virtual memory management.
+/// The provided `physical_memory_offset` must be accurate to ensure correct
+/// translation of physical addresses.
+///
+/// # Parameters
+///
+/// - `physical_memory_offset`: The offset to convert physical addresses to
+///   virtual addresses in the higher-half direct map.
+///
+/// # Returns
+///
+/// Returns an `OffsetPageTable` that allows for manipulation of the page
+/// tables for the current CPU architecture.
+pub unsafe fn init(physical_memory_offset: VirtAddr) -> OffsetPageTable<'static> {
+    let l4_table = active_l4_table(physical_memory_offset);
+    OffsetPageTable::new(l4_table, physical_memory_offset)
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct FoundryOSFrameAllocator {
+    memory_map: &'static MemoryMapResponse,
+    next: usize,
+}
+
+impl FoundryOSFrameAllocator {
+    /// Creates a new `FoundryOSFrameAllocator` from a memory map.
+    ///
+    /// This function takes a reference to a `MemoryMapResponse` and initializes a
+    /// `FoundryOSFrameAllocator` with it. The `next` field is set to 0, indicating that
+    /// the first frame to be allocated is the first frame in the memory map.
+    pub unsafe fn init(memory_map: &'static MemoryMapResponse) -> FoundryOSFrameAllocator {
+        FoundryOSFrameAllocator {
+            memory_map,
+            next: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// An iterator over all usable frames in the memory map.
+    ///
+    /// Yields one `PhysFrame` for each available 4KiB frame in the memory map.
+    ///
+    /// This function is used to allocate frames for the pagemap.
+    fn usable_frames(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = PhysFrame> {
+        let regions = self.memory_map.entries().iter();
+        let usable_regions = regions.filter(|region| region.entry_type == EntryType::USABLE);
+
+        let addr_ranges = usable_regions.map(|region| region.base..region.base + region.length);
+
+        let frame_addresses = addr_ranges.flat_map(|r| r.step_by(4096));
+
+        frame_addresses.map(|addr| PhysFrame::from_start_address(PhysAddr::new(addr)).unwrap())
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl FrameAllocator<Size4KiB> for FoundryOSFrameAllocator {
+    /// Allocates a frame from the list of usable frames.
+    ///
+    /// This function returns the next available `PhysFrame` from the memory map,
+    /// if one exists. Once a frame is allocated, the internal counter is incremented
+    /// to point to the next frame for future allocations.
+    ///
+    /// # Returns
+    ///
+    /// - `Some(PhysFrame)`: If a usable frame is available.
+    /// - `None`: If there are no more usable frames to allocate.
+
+    fn allocate_frame(&mut self) -> Option<PhysFrame> {
+        let frame = self.usable_frames().nth(self.next);
+        self.next += 1;
+        frame
+    }
+}
+
+// pub unsafe fn translate_addr(addr: VirtAddr, physical_memory_offset: VirtAddr) -> Option<PhysAddr> {
+//     translate_addr_inner(addr, physical_memory_offset)
+// }
+
+// fn translate_addr_inner(addr: VirtAddr, physical_memory_offset: VirtAddr) -> Option<PhysAddr> {
+//     let (l4_table_frame, _) = Cr3::read();
+
+//     let table_indexes = [
+//         addr.p4_index(),
+//         addr.p3_index(),
+//         addr.p2_index(),
+//         addr.p1_index(),
+//     ];
+//     let mut frame = l4_table_frame;
+
+//     for &i in &table_indexes {
+//         let virt = physical_memory_offset + frame.start_address().as_u64();
+//         let table_ptr: *const PageTable = virt.as_ptr();
+//         let table = unsafe { &*table_ptr };
+
+//         let entry = &table[i];
+
+//         frame = match entry.frame() {
+//             Ok(frame) => frame,
+//             Err(FrameError::FrameNotPresent) => return None,
+//             Err(FrameError::HugeFrame) => panic!("huge frames are not supported!"),
+//         };
+//     }
+
+//     Some(frame.start_address() + u64::from(addr.page_offset()))
+// }
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
index cd849ac..c8adf09 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 pub mod gdt;
 
 pub mod interrupts;
+
+pub mod memory;
+
+pub(crate) mod memmap;
diff --git a/kernel/src/lib.rs b/kernel/src/lib.rs
index fa3c6dd..dc8d5d9 100644
--- a/kernel/src/lib.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![feature(abi_x86_interrupt)]
 
+extern crate alloc;
+
 use core::arch::asm;
 use limine::request::{RequestsEndMarker, RequestsStartMarker};
 use limine::BaseRevision;
 
 pub use lib_ascii::{print, print_log, println, println_log, WRITER};
 pub use lib_serial::{serial_print, serial_println, serial_read};
+use x86_64::structures::paging::Translate;
+use x86_64::{PhysAddr, VirtAddr};
 
 mod arch;
 
@@ -28,6 +32,8 @@ static _END_MARKER: RequestsEndMarker = RequestsEndMarker::new();
 
 #[panic_handler]
 fn rust_panic(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
+    println!("Kernel panic: {}", _info);
+    serial_println!("Kernel panic: {}", _info);
     hcf();
 }
 
@@ -49,11 +55,19 @@ pub fn boot() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
         return Err("base revision not supported");
     }
 
+    use arch::x86_64::{gdt, interrupts, memmap, memory};
+
+    let memory_map = memmap::get_memory_map();
     lib_serial::init()?;
-    arch::x86_64::gdt::init();
-    arch::x86_64::interrupts::init_idt();
+    gdt::init();
+    interrupts::init_idt();
+
+    let mut frame_allocator = unsafe { memory::FoundryOSFrameAllocator::init(memory_map) };
 
     x86_64::instructions::interrupts::enable();
 
+    let physical_memory_offset = VirtAddr::new(*memmap::PHYSICAL_MEMORY_OFFSET);
+    let l4_table = unsafe { memory::init(physical_memory_offset) };
+
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/lib/lib_alloc b/lib/lib_alloc
new file mode 160000
index 0000000..3aeb5d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/lib_alloc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit 3aeb5d66c8e7f3adb4e7ff01d89c01b45a89c159

From 361c67764d3a08512e3491020ef3647a0e7db7b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 21:02:29 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 38/41] totally didn't import an allocator...

---
 Cargo.lock                       | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memory.rs |  3 ---
 kernel/src/lib.rs                |  5 ++++-
 kernel/src/main.rs               | 10 ++++++++++
 4 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 97d2c0b..fdff085 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "lib_alloc"
 version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "linked_list_allocator",
+ "x86_64",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lib_application"
@@ -101,6 +105,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "linked_list_allocator"
+version = "0.10.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9afa463f5405ee81cdb9cc2baf37e08ec7e4c8209442b5d72c04cfb2cd6e6286"
+dependencies = [
+ "spinning_top",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "lock_api"
 version = "0.4.12"
@@ -153,6 +166,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "lock_api",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "spinning_top"
+version = "0.2.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5b9eb1a2f4c41445a3a0ff9abc5221c5fcd28e1f13cd7c0397706f9ac938ddb0"
+dependencies = [
+ "lock_api",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "volatile"
 version = "0.4.6"
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memory.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memory.rs
index 5eaf729..b7dcb90 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memory.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/memory.rs
@@ -9,9 +9,6 @@ use x86_64::{
     PhysAddr, VirtAddr,
 };
 
-#[global_allocator]
-static ALLOCATOR: FoundryAllocator = FoundryAllocator;
-
 /// Returns a mutable reference to the current level 4 page table.
 ///
 /// # Safety
diff --git a/kernel/src/lib.rs b/kernel/src/lib.rs
index dc8d5d9..7df15db 100644
--- a/kernel/src/lib.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/lib.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 extern crate alloc;
 
 use core::arch::asm;
+use lib_alloc::allocator::init_heap;
 use limine::request::{RequestsEndMarker, RequestsStartMarker};
 use limine::BaseRevision;
 
@@ -67,7 +68,9 @@ pub fn boot() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
     x86_64::instructions::interrupts::enable();
 
     let physical_memory_offset = VirtAddr::new(*memmap::PHYSICAL_MEMORY_OFFSET);
-    let l4_table = unsafe { memory::init(physical_memory_offset) };
+    let mut l4_table = unsafe { memory::init(physical_memory_offset) };
+
+    init_heap(&mut l4_table, &mut frame_allocator);
 
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/main.rs b/kernel/src/main.rs
index 5c5ddbf..77f4ac4 100644
--- a/kernel/src/main.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/main.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
 
+extern crate alloc;
+
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
 use foundry_os::{println, println_log};
 
 #[no_mangle]
@@ -40,5 +44,11 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
     "
     );
 
+    let mut vec = Vec::new();
+    for i in 0..100 {
+        vec.push(i);
+    }
+    println!("{:?}", vec);
+
     loop {}
 }

From 114c70ffe96f16ab7125a5c5a4880a03077c1f51 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 21:03:17 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 39/41] updated submodules

---
 lib/lib_alloc | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/lib/lib_alloc b/lib/lib_alloc
index 3aeb5d6..af814bf 160000
--- a/lib/lib_alloc
+++ b/lib/lib_alloc
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 3aeb5d66c8e7f3adb4e7ff01d89c01b45a89c159
+Subproject commit af814bf2ab9db4077f96ad63e3d34afcc56da942

From 494d00c53b86a04d3f515cbee39f5f1c87d77a22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 21:18:14 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 40/41] Update .gitea/workflows/rust.yml

---
 .gitea/workflows/rust.yml | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml b/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
index 4c85fad..f1b3660 100644
--- a/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
+++ b/.gitea/workflows/rust.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull-request:
+    branches: [ main ]
 
 name: Continuous integration
 

From f9bc75c4f3046162835ef643ab0949c27ffd1395 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: zxq5 <zxq5@zxq5.dev>
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2025 21:30:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 41/41] added boot messages

---
 kernel/src/lib.rs  | 25 ++++++++++++++++++++++---
 kernel/src/main.rs | 10 +++-------
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/src/lib.rs b/kernel/src/lib.rs
index 7df15db..43e0ab4 100644
--- a/kernel/src/lib.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/lib.rs
@@ -59,18 +59,37 @@ pub fn boot() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
     use arch::x86_64::{gdt, interrupts, memmap, memory};
 
     let memory_map = memmap::get_memory_map();
+
+    print_log!("    Initialising Serial... ");
     lib_serial::init()?;
+    println_log!("[Success]");
+
+    print_log!("    Setting Up Global Descriptor Table... ");
     gdt::init();
+    println_log!("[Success]");
+
+    print_log!("    Setting Up Interrupt Descriptor Table... ");
     interrupts::init_idt();
+    println_log!("[Success]");
 
+    print_log!("    Setting Up Page Table... ");
     let mut frame_allocator = unsafe { memory::FoundryOSFrameAllocator::init(memory_map) };
+    println_log!("[Success]");
 
-    x86_64::instructions::interrupts::enable();
-
+    print_log!("    Initialising Memory Subsystem... ");
     let physical_memory_offset = VirtAddr::new(*memmap::PHYSICAL_MEMORY_OFFSET);
     let mut l4_table = unsafe { memory::init(physical_memory_offset) };
+    println_log!("[Success]");
 
-    init_heap(&mut l4_table, &mut frame_allocator);
+    print_log!("    Initialising Heap... ");
+    if let Err(e) = init_heap(&mut l4_table, &mut frame_allocator) {
+        return Err("Failed to initialise heap");
+    }
+    println_log!("[Success]");
+
+    print_log!("    Enabling Interrupts... ");
+    x86_64::instructions::interrupts::enable();
+    println_log!("[Success]");
 
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/main.rs b/kernel/src/main.rs
index 77f4ac4..20b95e3 100644
--- a/kernel/src/main.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/main.rs
@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
     // All limine requests must also be referenced in a called function, otherwise they may be
     // removed by the linker.
 
-    println_log!(" [ Initialising ] ");
+    println_log!(" [ Initialising Kernel Systems ] ");
     if let Err(err) = foundry_os::boot() {
         panic!("{}", err);
     }
 
+    println_log!("[ Kernel Initialised Successfully ] ");
+
     let dimensions = lib_ascii::screensize_chars();
     let dimensions2 = lib_framebuffer::screensize_px();
 
@@ -44,11 +46,5 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn kmain() -> ! {
     "
     );
 
-    let mut vec = Vec::new();
-    for i in 0..100 {
-        vec.push(i);
-    }
-    println!("{:?}", vec);
-
     loop {}
 }